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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
Core Subject : Education,
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Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 545 Documents
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The role of ginseng extracts green nanoparticles as an antioxidant on physiological parameters and fertility in male rats exposed to potassium dichromate MOHAMMED A. HAMZA; MAYADA S. HASSAN; RANA F. MOUSA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160208

Abstract

Abstract. Hamza MA, Hassan MS, Mousa RF. 2024. The role of ginseng extract green nanoparticles as an antioxidant on physiological parameters and fertility in male rats exposed to potassium dichromate. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 219-227. The toxicity of chrome ions is prevalent due to their commonly used in the industry. Some plants are useful for treating toxicity, and ginseng is one of the most known medicinal herbs worldwide and possesses numerous health benefits. The present study aims to use ginseng extract and nano ginseng particles to treat toxicity by potassium dichromate PDC in a rat's model. Therefore, the PDC-toxified rats were treated with ginseng extract and ginseng-NPs at different concentrations, and ginseng-NPs were prepared using green biosynthesis. ELISA technique was used for serum estimation of GSH, SOD, MDA, LH, FSH, and testosterone in the animals' groups. Ginseng extract and ginseng nanoparticles could alleviate the toxic effects of PDC, as indicated by lower MDA, higher levels of antioxidants (SOD and catalase), FSH, and LH-Ab compared to the PDC intoxication group. The results display the lower toxicity of MDA and Catalase parameters compared to groups 2 and 5, whereas the other parameters indicate an increase. By buffering the concentrations of the tested biomarkers in a concentration-dependent way, the nanoparticles added to the protective effects of ginseng. For PDC, ginseng extract has antioxidant and antitoxic properties. Using ginseng nanoparticles led to a concentration-dependent increase in the activity of ginseng extract.
Implementation of Floating Net Cages (FNC) cultivation and risks to sustainable fisheries in the Gajah Mungkur Reservoir, Wonogiri, Central Java, Indonesia SANTI KURNIASIH; SUNARTO SUNARTO; PRABANG SETIAWAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160209

Abstract

Abstract. Kurniasih S, Sunarto, Setyono P. 2024. Implementation of Floating Net Cages (FNC) cultivation and risks to sustainable fisheries in the Gajah Mungkur Reservoir, Wonogiri, Central Java, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 228-236. Floating Net Cages (FNC) is an effort to intensify fish production in the Gajah Mungkur Reservoir, Wonogiri, Central Java, Indonesia. The increase in the number of FNC is directly proportional to the production of FNC fish, so it can decrease water quality. The study aims to look into how FNC affects the water quality in the FNC area of the Gajah Mungkur Reservoir and how the threat of FNC water conditions affects the long-term viability of FNC aquaculture in the Gajah Mungkur Reservoir. The data collection technique was purposive sampling, which was analyzed using quality standard evaluation and plankton community structure analysis. The research results show that the water quality parameters measured are based on standards for fisheries activities, except for the COD and BOD parameters. Most plankton found are from the Bacillariophyceae class. The FNC area in the Gajah Mungkur Reservoir includes eutrophic waters with a low diversity and moderate pollution. The evenness exceeds 6 and the C value is less than 0.5. The saprobic indexes for the pollution level in the FNC area’s waters is classified as very low to low, with few organic and inorganic compounds in the Oligo/?-Mesosaprobik to ?-mesosaprobik phase. Six families of fish have been found in the Gajah Mungkur Reservoir, namely Cyprinidae, Pangasiidae, Eleotrididae, Cichlidae, Channidae, and Bagridae. Social conflict, mass fish deaths, and increasing water pollution are risks to floating net cages cultivation. Commitment, implementation, and supervision are crucial in executing FNC management through an ecosystem approach, ensuring the sustainability of FNC aquaculture and preserving food security.
Macroplastic pollution in mangrove forests of Tangub City, Panguil Bay, Philippines LESLIE SAM L. PACULBA; RIALONA CHRISTINE AN C. MABIDA; GENECA CLAIRE M. PERICO; EDUARDO D. MAGDAYO JR.; FRANK T. ACOT JR.
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160212

Abstract

Abstract. Paculba LSL, Mabida RCAC, Perico GCM, Magdayo Jr ED, Acot Jr FT. 2024. Macroplastic pollution in mangrove forests of Tangub City, Panguil Bay, Philippines. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 251-262. Plastic pollution poses a growing threat to coastal ecosystems. In the Philippines, studies on macroplastic pollution in mangrove forests are limited. This study was therefore conceptualized to assess the extent of macroplastic litter in the mangrove forests of Tangub City, Misamis Occidental, Philippines. The objectives encompassed on determining the count, composition, weight, and polymer type of collected macroplastics, quantifying and comparing the density of macroplastic litter, assessing the clean-coast index, and investigating the impacts of macroplastic litter in mangrove forests. A 50-meter transect line perpendicular to the shore with three 10m×10m quadrats was delineated in the sampling areas. Macroplastic litter collection was done during eight non-consecutive days in in September-October 2023. Results found that Sonneratia alba Sm. with its aerial root structure dominated in San Apolinario trapped more plastics. Food packaging accounted for 48.7% of the composition, with Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) being the most common polymer type at 44%. The highest macroplastic density was 0.20 items/m² for San Apolinario. While plastic density varied across sites despite similar cleanliness ratings, the distribution remained consistent throughout the mangrove forests indicating no significant differences in areas (p=.45). Moreover, findings showed that plastic litter harmed the mangrove forests as the pneumatophores were smothered, the branches were twisted, and the stems were damaged disrupting the mangroves' structure. This study highlights the importance of understanding plastic pollution in mangroves to develop effective waste management and conservation strategies.
Morphological and flowering phenology characterization of wild Begonia (B. hooveriana and B. hijauvenia) collected at Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia ANDINI AGUSTIANI; R. VITRI GARVITA; HARTUTININGSIH M. SIREGAR; GUT WINDARSIH
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170101

Abstract

Abstract. Agustiani A, Garvita RV, Siregar HM, Windarsih G. 2025. Morphological and flowering phenology characterization of wild Begonia (B. hooveriana and B. hijauvenia) collected at Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 1-10. Begonia hooveriana and B. hijauvenia are known for their varied morphology. This study aimed to describe the morphological characteristics of three Begonia accessions and determine their flowering phenology and pollen viability B. hooveriana with green and red color and B. hijauvenia. The Begonia were compared to characterize the plants, stomata on the underside of the leaves were examined, flowering phenology was observed daily during the flowering phase, and pollen viability was observed at the anthesis and post-anthesis phases. Data were recorded and analyzed descriptively. Based on morphological characterization data, the only morphology that distinguishes the two accessions of B. hooveriana is the color. The most prominent difference between B. hijauvenia and the previous two comparators is the type of plant. Accession B. hooveriana has anisocytic stomata, while B. hijauvenia has parasitic stomata. Based on the results of flowering phenology, the two accessions of B. hooveriana have a flowering period of 10-21 days, and B. hijauvenia has a flowering period of 17 days. The highest percentage of pollen viability in both flowering phases was found in B. hooveriana red (anthesis: 96.60±4.08%, post-anthesis:96.30±4.46%). The varied morphological characteristics of these three plants can be used as a basis for plant breeding programs.
Biological features of Spodoptera litura fed on three vegetable host plants under controlled laboratory conditions MELANIE MELANIE; WAWAN HERMAWAN; HIKMAT KASMARA; FIRTRIA YUNITASARI; CAMELLIA PANATARANI; I MADE JONI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160217

Abstract

Abstract. Melanie M, Hermawan W, Kasmara H, Yunitasari F, Panatarani C, Joni IM. 2024. Biological features of Spodoptera litura fed on three vegetable host plants under controlled laboratory conditions. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 297-303. Mass-rearing insects is necessary for biological control research, supporting the insect populations for effective in-vitro bioassay evaluations. The success of mass culture depends on the quality of insect feeding and environmental conditions. Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775) larvae are notorious as major pests in horticultural crops. This study investigates the feeding preferences and developmental outcomes of S. litura larvae when fed on 3 different host plants (water spinach, spinach, and cabbage) with distinct nutritional compositions. The larvae were reared in a controlled insect-rearing cabinet, with parameters observed host-plant nutrition, total consumption, larval weight gain, and developmental duration from larvae to imago. The experimental design employed a completely randomized design with 3 host plants and 9 replications, analyzed with ANOVA and Duncan's multiple-range test. Results indicate that 4th-5th instar larvae showed highly consumed water spinach leaves compared to early larvae, which significantly preferred cabbage leaves. Larvae fed on water spinach leaves achieved the highest average weights for larvae, pupae, and imago, along with accelerated developmental times. However, no significant differences were observed in weight gain or developmental duration to imago among all feeding treatments. In conclusion, water spinach is an appropriate host plant for the controlled mass rearing of S. litura.
Imidacloprid degradation by potential soil bacteria isolated from rice fields in Grobogan, Central Java, Indonesia MUHAMMAD ALFIYAN HERMAWAN; ARTINI PANGASTUTI; RATNA SETYANINGSIH
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160215

Abstract

Abstract. Hermawan MA, Pangastuti A, Setyaningsih R. 2024. Imidacloprid degradation by potential soil bacteria isolated from rice fields in Grobogan, Central Java, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 284-291. Imidacloprid a widely used pesticide is known for its polar nature, resistance to evaporation, and persistence in soil. When concentrations exceed environmental thresholds, imidacloprid can act as a pollutant, disrupting ecosystems, altering soil pH, and decreasing soil fertility. This study aimed to isolate and identify soil bacteria from rice fields capable of degrading imidacloprid and to highlight their potential role in bioremediation. Isolated bacteria are identified based on morphological characteristics, their ability to degrade imidacloprid and through molecular tests using 16S rRNA. Four bacterial colonies were obtained from the isolation results with different morphological variations. The degradation test results showed that the isolates were able to grow in media containing imidacloprid and were able to reduce imidacloprid by 26.66-31.75%. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, isolate IT1 was identified as Enterobacterales, IT2 was identified as the Enterobacteriaceae, IT3 as Pectobacterium aroidearum strain CCRMPA670, and IT4 was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis strain FDAARGOS_791.
Development of anti-obesity herbal drink from butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) extract and lemon (Citrus limon) juice AGUSTIARINI DEWI ANUGRAHANI; DONO INDARTO; ETI PONCORINI PAMUNGKASARI; LILIK WIJAYANTI; FISTA UTAMI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170113

Abstract

Abstract. Anugrahani AD, Indarto D, Pamungkasari EP, Wijayanti L, Utami F. 2025. Development of anti-obesity herbal drink from butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) extract and lemon (Citrus limon) juice. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 129-136. Obesity is a multifactorial disease with a high global prevalence and higher risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Obesity management comprises diet, physical exercise, and pharmacotherapy. Some obese patients have low compliance with diet and exercise therapy, while long-term use of anti-obesity drugs causes adverse side effects. Herbal drinks have also been used for obesity treatment, but their efficacy remains debatable. Herbal drink products have been developed, including butterfly pea flower extract and lemon juice, which contain flavonoids and anthocyanins that have anti-obesity activity. The purpose of this study was to create a herbal drink for obesity treatment and analyze acceptability, microbiological contamination, and nutritional and phytochemical contents. An organoleptic test assessed the acceptability of the herbal drink. Analysis of macronutrient content used proximate methods. Vitamin C and microbiological tests were performed using spectrophotometric and Total Plate Count (TPC) methods. Delphinidin and hesperidin levels were measured using a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and followed by the post-hoc Mann-Whitney with p<0.05 to determine the best formula of the four formulas (F1-F4) in this study. Organoleptic test results showed that formulation F3 of the herbal drink was the most liked and acceptable by the panelists. The herbal drink (F3) contained 0.82% fat, 0.34% protein, 0.099% carbohydrate, 3,527.25 mg/100 g vitamin C, 21.66 ppm delphinidin, and 525.68 ppm hesperidin. In conclusion, herbal drink has the potential to become an alternative anti-obesity treatment. Further research is needed to test the effectiveness of herbal drinks on weight loss and lipid profile improvement in obese patients.
Effect of dietary atung seed flour (Parinarium glaberrimum) on small intestine characteristics of broiler chickens INSUN SANGADJI; SYLVIA C. H. HEHANUSSA; RONY MARSYAL KUNDA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160214

Abstract

Abstract. Sangadji I, Hehanussa SCH, Kunda RM. 2024. Effect of dietary atung seed flour (Parinarium glaberrimum) on small intestine characteristics of broiler chickens. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 277-283. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding atung (Parinarium glaberrimum Hassk.) seed meal on intestinal microflora, pH, and micro-morphology in broiler chickens. A total of 168-day-old male New Lohmann broiler chickens were randomly assigned to six treatment groups with four replicates and seven birds in each replicate pen. The dietary treatments consisted of feeding the same corn-soybean meal basal diet with atung seed meal inclusions at levels of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0%, respectively. Basal diet inclusion with 50 ppm of tetracycline was also used as a positive control treatment. The data was statistically analyzed using ANOVA in a completely randomized design, a robust methodology, and continued subsequently with Duncan's test for data with significant differences. Results showed that the number of lactic acid bacteria, duodenal and ileal villus height, villus width, and villus height to crypt depth ratio was increased (p<0.05) with the inclusion of 0.5-1.0% atung seed meal. Coliform numbers and intestinal pH were decreased (p<0.01) with 1.0% atung seed meal inclusion. With respect to the results of some response variables of intestinal pH and micro-morphology, additions of atung seed meal showed better results than the addition of 50 ppm tetracycline. It can be concluded that atung seed can be recommended as a green feed additive for replacing antibiotic growth promoters in the poultry diet based on the ability to improve gut microflora and micro-morphology.
Morphological differentiation of Pennahia aneus (Bloch, 1793) populations from Northern Peninsular Malaysia using geometric morphometrics JOLLY BABANGIDA KACHI; KHALED BINASHIKHBUBKR; DARLINA MD NAIM
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170104

Abstract

Abstract. Kachi JB, Binashikhbubkr K, Naim DM. 2025. Morphological differentiation of Pennahia aneus (Bloch, 1793) populations from Northern Peninsular Malaysia using geometric morphometrics. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 30-38. The investigation of geometric morphometrics offers evidence for the adaptive traits shown by fish in response to their aquatic environment, which may be attributed to evolutionary processes. The examination of body morphometry has significant value in assessing the structure of fish populations, which is a fundamental necessity for the implementation of conservation measures and the management of fisheries in a sustainable manner. The study used geometric morphometrics to differentiate three populations of Pennahia aneus from Northern Peninsular Malaysia. A sum of 110 samples were obtained from Pulau Pinang, Kedah, and Perak states in Malaysia. Photographs of fish samples were taken, and 13 homologous landmarks were digitized using the tpsUtil and tpsDig2 software. All data were analyzed using multivariate statistical tests such as canonical variate analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and discriminant function analysis. Results showed significant morphological variations among the population of P. aneus with two morphological groups: Batu Maung group and Pantai Remis and Kuala Kedah group. The overall reclassification grouping for the populations of P. aneus in this study was 67.3% successful. These findings are crucial for conservation and management efforts and contribute to formulating efficient conservation policies to maintain the species populations in Northern Peninsular Malaysia, highlighting the potential impact of this research on future conservation policies. Further investigations in terms of expanding the study scope and application of molecular tools will give a holistic understanding of P. aneus population structure in Malaysia. This study represents the first to compare morphological differences in P. aneus populations from Malaysian waters using geometric morphometric analysis.
The potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa seed extract and rice straw as coagulants-adsorbents for processing batik liquid waste ANNISA SHANTI RAHMANI; MOHAMMAD MASYKURI; PRABANG SETYONO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170112

Abstract

Abstract. Rahmani AS, Masykuri M, Setyono P. 2025. The potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa seed extract and rice straw as coagulants-adsorbents for processing batik liquid waste. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 116-126. One of the efforts to reduce the content of heavy metals in this batik liquid waste is by applying the process of a combination of coagulation and adsorption. This process involves the use of the coagulant of Rosella Seeds Extracts (RSE) to neutralize the charge of the heavy metal ions, making them more likely to bind to the adsorbents from rice straw biomass. The adsorption then occurs, where the neutralized heavy metal ions are physically or chemically bound to the surface of the adsorbents, effectively removing them from the liquid waste. This study aims to determine the decrease in chromium metal levels (Cr6+) in artificial batik liquid waste using this coagulation-adsorption process with biocoagulants of rosella seed extracts combined with straw rice adsorbents. K2Cr2O7 solution was used as an artificial solution for batik liquid waste. The coagulation process was repeated 3 times to determine the optimum RSE biocoagulant, both doses, pH, and contact time. The first coagulation was carried out by mixing biocoagulant RSE into a 10 ppm K2Cr2O7 solution. The coagulation process was carried out in the same way at pH 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 using the optimal dose of biocoagulant. The result showed that the optimum dose of biocoagulant RSE was 30 × 103 ppm, with an absorbance value, and the percentage of chromium metal (Cr6+) was, respectively, 0.623 and 68.69%. Meanwhile, the optimum pH for RSE biocoagulant was at pH 2 (acid condition), with absorbance and the percentage of chromium metal (Cr6+) values being, respectively, 0.617 and 69.02%. These findings have potential applications in the field of environmental science and waste management, particularly in the development of effective and sustainable methods for treating industrial waste.

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