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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
Core Subject : Education,
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Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 545 Documents
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Exploring the ethnobotany of natural dye plants in Kalibawang Sub-district, Wonosobo District, Indonesia through traditional knowledge, conservation, and community empowerment Muhammad Nur Sulton; Reginald Maghfirot Rammadhani Guzherra; ⁠Reinata Aulia Fahimah; Renanda Aristha Putri; Rossiana Indah Permatasari; SURAPON SAENSOUK; JOHAN ISKANDAR; JATNA SUPRIYATNA; Ahmad Dwi Setyawan
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170115

Abstract

Abstract. Sulton MN, Rammadhani RM, Fahimah RA, Putri RA, Permatasari RI, Saensouk S, Iskandar J, Supriyatna J, Setyawan AD. 2025. Exploring the ethnobotany of natural dye plants in Kalibawang Sub-district, Wonosobo District, Indonesia through traditional knowledge, conservation, and community empowerment. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 155-168. The use of synthetic dyes can cause environmental and health problems. Natural dyes can be a novelty to replace synthetic dyes because they contain materials that are more environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and sustainable. This ethnobotanical research was carried out to reveal the traditional knowledge of the people in Kalibawang Sub-district, Wonosobo District, Indonesia, regarding the use of various species of plants as a source of natural dyes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the species of plants that can produce natural colors used by the people of Kalibawang Sub-district, as well as to assess their conservation and sustainability and empower the community. The method used is an ethnographic study through in-depth interviews with informants, field observations, and documentation of plant species. The quantitative method used is recording how many people use the coloring plants and calculating the RFC. This study identifies various species of plants used as natural dyes and their utilization. A total of 53 plant species from 37 families have been identified and utilized as color producers in Kalibawang Sub-district. The most widely used plant parts are fruit (36%) and leaves (28%), the plant forms are herbs (49%) and trees (26%), the colors are red (28%) and green (15%), used to color food (49%), and drinks (42%). Most of these plants are intentionally planted (53%), but most of them are rarely used (43%), only a few are frequently used (26%), among the most important are turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)  (RFC 0.891) for yellow color, and pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. ex Lindl.) (RFC 0.633), and green grass jelly (Cyclea barbata Miers) (RFC 0.613) for green color. The sustainability of several species needs attention because of their conservation status, namely Tectona grandis L.f. (EN), Coffea arabica L. (EN), and Cinnamomum verum J.Presl (VU). The dye extraction method usually uses water or other natural ingredients. This study shows that natural dyes have the potential to be further innovated. However, this traditional knowledge is in danger of being lost due to lifestyle changes and the lack of interest of the younger generation. Hence, it needs to increase public awareness of the potential of natural dyes as an alternative to synthetic dyes and to engage the community in this important issue.
Assessing tourist experience and willingness to pay for biodiversity conservation at Mongkrang Hill, Mount Lawu, Central Java, Indonesia ARDITA AYU WULANDARI; ARUM NUR MUKARROMAH; ASFI DZIHNI; ATIKAH KHOIRIYAH AZZAM; ANGGUN DERISTANI; SUNARTO SUNARTO; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170210

Abstract

Abstract. Wulandari AA, Mukarromah AN, Dzihni A, Azzam AK, Deristani A, Sunarto, Setyawan AD. 2025. Assessing tourist experience and willingness to pay for biodiversity conservation at Mongkrang Hill, Mount Lawu, Central Java, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 277-288. Highland ecosystems are ecologically sensitive environments increasingly pressured by nature-based tourism. Mongkrang Hill, located on the southern slopes of Mount Lawu in Karanganyar District, Central Java, Indonesia, has experienced rapid visitor growth, raising concerns regarding vegetation disturbance, waste accumulation, and declining habitat quality. This study assesses tourist experience and Willingness to Pay (WTP) for conservation by integrating the Experiential Value Scale (EVS) with economic valuation. A total of 60 visitors were surveyed using structured questionnaires, supported by field observations and semi-structured interviews. Multiple regression analysis showed that all four EVS dimensions—hedonic, novelty, interaction, and comfort—significantly influenced visitor satisfaction, with novelty and hedonic value being the strongest predictors. Satisfaction, in turn, had a positive and significant effect on WTP (? = 0.90), explaining 80.1% of its variance. The average additional WTP of IDR 15,840 indicates substantial potential for conservation-based financing. Observations further revealed ecological pressures related to trail erosion, vegetation trampling, and improper waste disposal, alongside community benefits through local economic activities and circular economy practices such as plastic waste recycling. The integrated EVS–WTP approach highlights how enhanced visitor experience can strengthen pro-conservation behavior and provide actionable pathways for sustainable ecotourism management. These findings support the development of experience-based conservation strategies for biodiversity protection in highland ecosystems.
Bamboo diversity, ecological structure, and utilization in the riparian ecosystem of the upper Bengawan Solo River, Central Java, Indonesia FIKA NUR APRILIA; FRANSISCA AMELIA KARTIKA ARDHYANTI; GHAZY AQILA SHANDY PRABOWO; HANA PARAMESTI; ANA SHOLEKAH ASZAR; CHEE KONG YAP; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170209

Abstract

Abstract. Aprilia FN, Ardhyanti FAK, Prabowo GAS, Paramesti H, Aszar AS, Yap CK, Setyawan AD. 2025. Bamboo diversity, ecological structure, and utilization in the riparian ecosystem of the upper Bengawan Solo River, Central Java, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 259-276. Bamboo plays an important ecological and socio-economic role in tropical riparian landscapes, yet its spatial structure and environmental determinants remain poorly quantified. This study analyzed the diversity, composition, ecological dominance, and utilization of bamboo communities along the upstream–midstream–downstream gradient of the upper Bengawan Solo River, Central Java, Indonesia. Field surveys recorded five species—Bambusa spinosa, Dendrocalamus asper, Gigantochloa apus, G. atter, and G. atroviolacea—distributed unevenly across riparian zones. Diversity, species richness, and structural heterogeneity increased downstream, shifting from monodominant B. spinosa stands upstream to multi-species Gigantochloa assemblages in lowland alluvial areas. Importance Value Index (IVI) patterns revealed strong environmental filtering in the upstream zone, mixed natural–managed dominance midstream, and cultivation-enhanced coexistence downstream. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that soil moisture, canopy openness, and soil pH were the strongest predictors of diversity, whereas species dominance was shaped primarily by ecological traits and management intensity. Utilization patterns reflected a biocultural continuum, with D. asper and Gigantochloa spp. providing multipurpose materials for construction, food, handicrafts, and cultural practices, while B. spinosa served chiefly as an ecological stabilizer in upland slopes. The riparian bamboo system represents a socio-ecological mosaic shaped by hydrological gradients and community management. These findings highlight bamboo’s potential as a nature-based solution for riparian stabilization, biodiversity conservation, and livelihood support. Strengthening integrated, community-based bamboo management could enhance ecological resilience and sustainable riverine landscape governance in tropical regions.
Effect of light and media composition on growth and stomatal density of Phalaenopsis amboinensis MUHAMMAD ALANWARI NUGRAHA; DWI MURTI PUSPITANINGTYAS; HARYANTO HARYANTO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170207

Abstract

Abstract. Nugraha MA, Puspitaningtyas DM, Haryanto. 2025. Effect of light and media composition on growth and stomatal density of Phalaenopsis amboinensis. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 243-252. Phalaenopsis amboinensis J.J.Sm. is an endangered orchid species endemic to Indonesia, valued for both its conservation significance and horticultural potential. However, limited natural populations and slow propagation rates hinder sustainable conservation efforts. This study investigated the combined effects of culture media composition and light conditions on the in vitro growth, chlorophyll content, and stomatal density of P. amboinensis plantlets. A factorial experiment was conducted using nine media formulations under light and dark conditions. Significant interactions between media and light treatments were observed across all measured parameters (p < 0.05). The KC EO2 medium, containing 2 g/L KC, 40 g/L potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) extract, 2 g/L peptone, and MS vitamins under light, produced the most vigorous vegetative growth (5.40 ± 2.50 leaves, 1.44 ± 0.31 cm leaf length, 2.00 ± 0.82 roots, and 1.89 ± 0.45 cm root length). In contrast, the KC EO3 medium with 2 g/L KC, 150 g/L mung bean sprout (Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek) extract, and 150 mL/L young coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.) under light yielded the highest chlorophyll a content (0.695 ± 0.113 mg/g fresh weight) and stomatal density (77.57 ± 2.72 stomata/mm²). Control plantlets cultured without organic supplements under dark conditions showed poor growth and negligible chlorophyll accumulation. These findings demonstrate that organic-enriched media, especially when combined with light exposure, significantly enhance physiological and morphological development in vitro. The optimized culture conditions offer a practical and scalable protocol for ex situ conservation and commercial propagation of P. amboinensis, supporting the preservation and sustainable use of this rare orchid species.
Effect of temperature on rice (Oryza sativa) seedling disease incidence and severity in Bangladesh MD. TANBIR RUBAYET; FARHANA PRODHAN; MD. ABDULLAH AL MAMUN; MD. ABDUL KADER; MD. MOTAHER HOSSAIN; MD. MAHIDUL ISLAM MASUM; MUHAMMAD ZIAUL HOQUE; MD. MIZANUR RAHMAN; JATISH CHANDRA BISWAS
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170206

Abstract

Abstract. Rubayet MT, Prodhan F, Mamun MAA, Kader MA, Hossain MM, Masum MMI, Hoque MZ, Rahman MM, Biswas JC. 2025. Effect of temperature on rice (Oryza sativa) seedling disease incidence and severity in Bangladesh. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 235-242. Seedling diseases are strongly influenced by temperature and cultivation environment, posing serious challenges to rice production under changing climates. To investigate these effects, two simultaneous experiments were conducted in Bangladesh, at Rangpur (25.6962°N, 89.2676°E) and Gazipur (24.0361°N, 90.3963°E) using BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 under open-field and polythene-covered conditions. Seedling emergence was consistently higher in polythene-covered plots, suggesting improved establishment in warmer microclimates. Three major diseases were detected across sites: bakanae (Fusarium moniliforme), blast (Pyricularia oryzae), and brown spot (Bipolaris oryzae). Varietal and environmental interactions were evident, with BRRI dhan29 showing greater susceptibility to bakanae in open-field conditions, while BRRI dhan28 was more prone to blast. Brown spot severity showed no significant differences between locations, indicating a lesser influence of variety and microclimate. Physiological observations revealed that healthy seedlings exhibited higher chlorophyll content (Soil Plant Analysis Development/SPAD values), whereas bakanae-infected seedlings displayed abnormal elongation relative to healthy plants. These results demonstrate that temperature and cultivation environment exert significant effects on rice seedling health, and that varietal responses differ according to disease type. Findings underscore the need for integrating varietal resistance and environment-specific management strategies to mitigate seedling disease risks in the context of climate change.
Updated information on qualitative leaf anatomical characters of Eusideroxylon zwageri from East Kalimantan, Indonesia ASIH PERWITA DEWI; TRI Y. I. WULANSARI; SENI K. SENJAYA; DEBY ARIFIANI; IRVAN F. WANDA; YUNITA LISNAWATI; SUNARDI SUNARDI; APRILIANA D. PRAWESTRI; IRFAN MARTIANSYAH; EVANA EVANA; RIZKY D. SATRIO; ANJALI M. N. K. HARTONO; SUYOKO SUYOKO; ADE Y. YUSWANDI; MUHAMMAD SYUKUR; DEA K. SARI; CHIKA A. RASYL
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170214

Abstract

Abstract. Dewi AP, Wulansari TYI, Senjaya SK, Arifiani D, Wanda IF, Lisnawati Y, Sunardi, Prawestri AD, Martiansyah I, Evana, Satrio RD, Hartono AMNK, Suyoko, Yuswandi AY, Syukur M, Sari DK, Rasyl CA. 2025. Updated information on qualitative leaf anatomical characters of Eusideroxylon zwageri from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 322-336. Eusideroxylon zwageri, the sole species of its genus (Eusideroxylon) and one of the most economically and culturally significant timbers of Borneo known as Bornean ironwood or “kayu ulin”, has been extensively studied for its ecology, genetics, and conservation, yet its foliar anatomy remains poorly documented. This study provides an updated qualitative assessment of leaf anatomical characters of E. zwageri based on 66 accessions representing five subpopulations in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Transverse and paradermal sections of the lamina, midrib, and petiole were prepared following standard microtechnique procedures, and 37 anatomical traits were recorded. The results showed that most foliar anatomical features of E. zwageri are consistent with the Lauraceae family. A single character appears diagnostic for E. zwageri—osteosclereids present in the mesophyll of the lamina. Several anatomical features of E. zwageri indicate functional adaptation, including superficial stomata (related to efficient CO2 intake), sclereids (contributing to the hardness and durability of the wood), oil cell distribution (which helps prevent pest attacks), suggesting functional adaptations related to gas exchange efficiency, mechanical reinforcement, and defense against herbivory. Nevertheless, understanding pronounced lignification of sclerenchyma and sclereids may constrain regeneration, posing challenges for conservation. These updated anatomical data provide a foundation for future taxonomic, ecological, and conservation research, particularly in developing propagation strategies to support large-scale restoration of this Vulnerable species.
Notes on Gymnopetalum (Cucurbitaceae) from the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia MENTARI PUTRI PRATAMI; YESSI SANTIKA; RUGAYAH RUGAYAH
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n180101

Abstract

Abstract. Pratami MP, Santika Y, Rugayah. 2026. Notes on Gymnopetalum (Cucurbitaceae) from the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 18 (1): n180101. https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n180101. Four species of Gymnopetalum (G. chinensis, G. orientale, G. scabrum, and G. pectinatum) have been reported for the Malesian Region, all of which can be found in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. The genus is closely related to Trichosanthes, and one species, G. orientale, morphologically resembles T. quinquangulata. Moreover, molecular data place Gymnopetalum as a section of Trichosanthes (=Trichosanthes sect. Tripodanthera). In this study, morphology and leaf anatomy observation have been conducted on BO collections of Gymnopetalum from the Lesser Sunda Islands. Anatomical observation of leaf paradermal sections follows the method of Sass and Cutler. An unidentified specimen collected from Lombok (Kahono, Nakano, and Abbas 2005-36) resembles G. orientale in floral characters but differs in leaf shape. Anatomical data support morphological data that the specimen is similar to G. orientale in epidermis characters. They have the same epidermis cell shape i.e. irregularly shaped with shallowly sinuous anticlinal walls, but differ in size only, G. orientale has epidermal cell sizes of 19-24.80 × 12.40-14.88 µm (upper) and 19.84-21.32 × 12.40-14.88 µm (lower), whereas the Kahono Nakano, Abbas 2005-36 specimen has epidermal cell sizes of 27.28-29.76 × 14.88-17.36 µm (upper) and 24.80-27.28 × 17.36-19.84 µm (lower). These differences fall within morphological variation and support the identification of the Lombok material as G. orientale. The anatomical evidence corroborates previous morphological and molecular studies, indicating intermediate characters between G. orientale and T. quinquangulata, reinforcing the close evolutionary relationship between the two genera. This study contributes additional morphological and anatomical data supporting the phylogenetic placement of Gymnopetalum within Trichosanthes.
Functional guild complementarity and morphological filtering in Annonaceae seed dispersal within a managed tropical garden TRI HANDAYANI; HARY WAWANGNINGRUM; MUHAMMAD EFENDI; YUZAMMI YUZAMMI; TITUT YULISTYARINI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n180103

Abstract

Abstract. Handayani T, Wawangningrum H, Yuzammi, Efendi M, Yulistyarini T. 2026. Functional guild complementarity and morphological filtering in Annonaceae seed dispersal within a managed tropical garden. Nusantara Bioscience 18 (1): n180103. https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n180103. Understanding the mechanisms that structure plant-frugivore interactions in managed ex situ environments is essential for maintaining Seed Dispersal Effectiveness (SDE), genetic diversity, and long-term plant persistence. This study assessed the possible morphological filtering effect of Annonaceae fruit and seed traits on four co-existing frugivore guilds (birds, bats, squirrels, and civets) in the protected environment of the Bogor Botanical Gardens (BBG), Indonesia. To ensure a comprehensive dataset, we performed detailed morphological measurements and conducted twice-weekly observations across 22 Annonaceae species to identify fruit consumption patterns. We recorded fruit color, size, and shape, and statistically tested the classical morphological filtering hypothesis using Chi-Square, ANOVA, and Spearman correlation analyses. Our results showed a generally generalist interaction system, with the apocarpous fruit type being the most prevalent (12 species). The morphological specialization hypothesis was rejected, as fruit and seed size dimensions did not significantly correlate with specific visitor guilds (χ² = 9.793, df = 18, P = 0.938). Spearman’s rank correlation confirmed strong internal morphological constraints within the fruit (ρ > 0.70, P < 0.05), while no external ecological filtering regarding animal attraction was detected (ρ > 0.70, P > 0.05). This pattern indicates that frugivores in these managed collections exhibit high behavioral flexibility, utilizing a broad range of resources regardless of specific morphological traits. Despite this lack of strict matching, SDE is maintained through functional guild complementarity: bats act as long-distance dispersal specialists, while civets provide niche coverage for the largest fruits. However, the aggregated seed clumps deposited by civets remain a concern for recruitment. These findings show that generalist interactions, supported by complementary guild functions, underpin effective seed dispersal. Conserving the full frugivore assemblage is therefore critical to sustaining ecological processes in botanical gardens and should directly inform faunal management strategies.
Effect of phosphorus and potassium on growth and yield parameters and disease incidence of potato MOHAMMAD SAIDUL ISLAM; ABU ASHRAF KHAN; MD. TANBIR RUBAYET; MD. MOYNUL HAQUE; MD. ABDUL KARIM; ISMAIL HOSSAIN MIAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170213

Abstract

Abstract. Islam MS, Khan AA, Rubayet MT, Haque MM, Karim MA, Mian IH. 2025. Effect of phosphorus and potassium on growth and yield parameters and disease incidence of potato. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 313-321. A study was undertaken to find out the effects of two macronutrient elements on plant growth, tuber, and tuber disease incidence of potato (Solanum tuberosum). The major nutrient elements were phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The doses of nutrients were P @ 0, 20, 35, 50 kgha-1, and K @ 0, 90, 140, 190 kgha-1. Data were recorded on vine number/ten hills, plant height, canopy coverage, tuber number per ten plants, and tuber weight per plot. Disease incidence and physiological disorders such as common scab (Streptomyces scabies), dry rot (Fusarium sp.) and soft rot (Erwinia carotovora) of potato were also assessed. The highest tuber yield of 24.05 (44.53 tha-1) and 24.12 kg plot-1 (44.66 tha-1) was obtained with 35 kgha -1 P and 140 kgha-1 applied individually. When both the elements were applied together, the highest yield of 30.68 kg plot-1 (56.82 tha-1) was obtained at 35 kg P and 140 kg K per hectare. Tuber diseases and disorders were minimal when 35 kgha-1 P and 140 kgha-1 K were applied together during the potato cultivation under field conditions. Based on findings of the present study, it may be concluded that application of P and K at the rates of 37.67 and 136.69 kgha-1 along with a standard dose of N is optimum for maximum plant growth, tuber yield and minimizing the incidence of disease and disorders of potato tuber.
Diversity of urban street tree communities in Semarang District, Indonesia ARDHIAN ABDUL MADJID; ARDITA AYU WULANDARI; ASFI DZIHNI; MARIO PINTOR DAVID SIMANJUNTAK; SAFIRA CHAIRUNISA; ARU DEWANGGA; WIDHI HIMAWAN; INOCENCIO E. BUOT JR; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170215

Abstract

Abstract. Madjid AA, Wulandari AA, Dzihni A, Simanjuntak MPD, Chairunisa S, Dewangga A, Himawan W, Buot Jr IE, Setyawan AD. 2025. Diversity of urban street tree communities in Semarang District, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 337-353. Roadside vegetation plays an important role in maintaining ecological functions, microclimate regulation, and environmental quality in rapidly urbanizing tropical landscapes. This study examined the diversity, composition, and functional structure of urban street trees across five major 10-km roadside corridors in Semarang District, Central Java, Indonesia. Field surveys conducted in September 2024 recorded 2,091 individuals representing 53 species, 47 genera, and 26 families, and classified into functional categories based on ecological and management attributes. Species richness and abundance varied markedly among routes. The Bandungan-Kaloran corridor showed the highest richness and stability, while the Ungaran-Cangkiran corridor exhibited the strongest species dominance, and the Semarang-Bawen corridor had the lowest richness. Three species-Swietenia mahagoni, Polyalthia longifolia, and Mangifera indica-emerged as district-wide dominants. Functional composition was heavily skewed toward Ornamental Plant (OP) and Timber Plants (TP), with Frugivory-supporting species (Fr) providing secondary ecological roles. Diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson, Margalef, and Evenness) revealed substantial spatial heterogeneity: peri-urban routes showed balanced community structures, whereas highly built-up corridors exhibited low diversity and high dominance. These patterns highlight the influence of urbanization intensity, planting space limitations, and disturbance pressure on roadside vegetation structure. These findings highlight the need for more diversified and functionally balanced street tree planting strategies to enhance the sustainability and resilience of urban green infrastructure in Semarang District and other rapidly developing tropical cities.

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