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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
Core Subject : Education,
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Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 545 Documents
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Destructive sampling-based allometric equations for biomass and carbon estimation in Acacia hybrid plantations in Southeastern Vietnam NGUYEN THI HA; TRAN QUANG BAO; NGUYEN THANH TUAN; DIEGO I. RODRÍGUEZ-HERNÁNDEZ; NGUYEN TIEN DUNG; TRAN THI NGOAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170203

Abstract

Abstract. Ha NT, Bao TQ, Tuan NT, Rodríguez-Hernández DI, Dung NT, Ngoan TT. 2025. Destructive sampling-based allometric equations for biomass and carbon estimation in Acacia hybrid plantations in Southeastern Vietnam. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 203-217. This study developed accurate allometric equations for estimating aboveground and belowground biomass, as well as carbon stocks, for Acacia hybrid (Acacia mangium × Acacia auriculiformis) plantations in Southeastern, Vietnam. A dataset of 45 destructively sampled trees with varying ages and diameter classes was used to validate the models. The fresh biomass of the four tree components (stem, branches, leaves, and roots) was measured for a total of 180 samples. Samples were oven-dried at 105°C for stems and branches, and 80°C for leaves, to determine their biomass. Linear and non-linear equations were employed to model both individual tree and stand-level dry biomass (AGB: aboveground biomass, BGB: belowground biomass, TGBG: total biomass), and carbon stocks (AGC: aboveground carbon, BGC: belowground carbon, TGC: total carbon). Diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (H), stand density (SD), and stand age (A) were included as predictor variables. The best-fitting models were selected based on coefficients of determination (R²), sum of squared errors (SEE), mean absolute error (MAE), sum of squared residuals (SSR), correction factors (CF), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root mean square error (RMSE), with R² values greater than 0.895 and RMSE values less than 0.363. The results revealed strong relationships between aboveground and belowground biomass, and logarithmic functions of DBH and tree height were found to be good predictors for all biomass components. The key equations are: ln(AGB) = -3.03805 + 0.586847*ln(DBH*H) + 1.58329*ln(DBH); ln(BGB) = -0.597955 + 0.485409*ln(DBH)2; ln(TGB) = -2.65453 + 2.11674*ln(DBH) + 0.57522*ln(H). Among the variables, DBH was found to be particularly effective in estimating BGB. At the stand level, total biomass (TSB) has a significant correlation with stand density, mean diameter, and stand height, as shown in the following equation: Ln(TSB) = -9.85561 + 1.09128*ln(SD) + 1.96789*ln(Ds) + 0.608831*ln(Hs).  These models provide foresters with valuable tools for estimating biomass and carbon accumulation in Acacia hybrid plantations. The total carbon stock of the Acacia hybrid population in the study area ranged from 29.0 tons/ha to 313.3 tons/ha. This information can support carbon accounting efforts and contribute to Vietnam's initiatives for carbon reduction and climate change mitigation.
Comparing poultry manure and cow dung on Arachis hypogaea growth in savanna environment AISHA ABDULLAHI MAHMUD; MAHMOUD DOGARA ABDULRAHMAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170103

Abstract

Abstract. Mahmud AA, Abdulrahman MD. 2025. Comparing poultry manure and cow dung on Arachis hypogaea growth in Savanna environment. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 21-29. The study investigated the effects of poultry manure and cow dung on the growth of Arachis hypogaea L. (groundnut) in a controlled experimental setup at the botanical garden of Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria. The experiment followed a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with two organic fertilizer as treatments; poultry manure cow dung, and a control sample with no fertilizer. Two groundnut seeds varieties; pure red and light tan mixed each separately with cow dung, and poultry manure, and were subjected to viability test before planting. Growth parameters, including the number of leaves and plant height, were measured monthly for five months. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 21, and significant differences were identified with Duncan’s multiple range tests at a 5% probability level. Results indicated a significant impact of organic fertilizers on the growth parameters. The results revealed that cow dung promotes early growth while poultry manure contributes more to reproductive success and yield. The control group showed significantly lower leaf development, with an average of (43.4) leaves. The findings highlight the role of organic fertilizers in enhancing plant leaf production, as they provide essential nutrients that are often deficient in untreated soils. In terms of plant height, the light tan variety treated with cow dung achieved the greatest average height (16.53 cm), surpassing both the control (15.4 cm) and the pure red variety treated with poultry manure (13.45 cm). Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of using organic fertilizers like poultry manure and cow dung to improve groundnut growth, reduce dependence on synthetic fertilizers, and enhance soil health. These organic amendments are beneficial for sustainable agricultural practices, contributing to improved crop yield and environmental sustainability.
Fermented black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) carcass meal as a substrate for its larva PIERE ALEXANDER HUGO RIOK; NOVA HARIANI; RUDY AGUNG NUGROHO; MUHAMMAD FAUZI ARIF; SYAFRIZAL SYAFRIZAL; RETNO ARYANI; HETTY MANURUNG; RUDIANTO RUDIANTO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170106

Abstract

Abstract. Riok PAH, Hariani N, Nugroho RA, Arif MF, Syafrizal, Aryani R, Manurung H, Rudianto. 2025. Fermented black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) carcass meal as a substrate for its larva. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 49-56. The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758)) is an insect commonly used as an organic waste decomposer. The Black Soldier Fly (BSF) has four life stages, and as an adult, it dies shortly after reproducing, which leads to it being an underutilized waste product. This study aimed to determine and compare the effects of the fermented BSF Carcass Meal (fBSFM) and Fermented Palm Kernel Meal (fPKM) as substrates on the growth rate and proximate composition of BSF Larvae (BSFL). The present research used a completely randomized design with four groups: a control group (100% fPKM) and three experimental groups with varying percentages of fBSFM (P1: 5% fBSFM, P2: 7.5% fBSFM, P3: 10% fBSFM). The results showed that substituting fBSFM at concentrations of 7.5- and 10% in fPKM increased growth rate, individual weight, biomass, and bioconversion, supporting their life cycle; the use of 15% fBSFM as BSFL substrate significantly impacted substrate reduction. The substrate reduction rate was measured at 55.18 ± 8.49%, suggesting that black soldier fly larvae can effectively reduce both fBSFM and fPKM. The different proportions of fPKM and fBSFM did not have a significant effect on the proximate values of the BSFL. Therefore, this research provides valuable insight for waste management and agriculture, suggesting that incorporating more than 5% of fermented BSF carcass meal into the substrate mixture with fPKM is advisable to enhance the growth indices of BSFL.
Diversity of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) in the Banyak Mountain Forest Area, Sragen District, Indonesia VAKHA YULIA NURZAHRA; MUZAZZINAH MUZAZZINAH; METI INDROWATI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170105

Abstract

Abstract. Nurzahra VY, Muzazzinah, Indrowati M. 2025. Diversity of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) in the Banyak Mountain Forest Area, Sragen District, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 39-48. Macroscopic fungi are high-value forest components that play an essential functional role in forest ecosystems. However, studies focusing on the diversity of macroscopic fungi in Indonesian forests are still limited and underexplored. The forest located in Banyak Mountain is one example of a forest area in Indonesia that has significant macroscopic fungal diversity. This study aims to examine the diversity of macroscopic fungi species in the Banyak Mountain Forest Area, Sragen District. The research employed an exploratory method by establishing 2×2 m plots using purposive sampling techniques and conducting descriptive analyses of the collected data. The results of the study in the Banyak Mountain Forest Area identified 33 species of macroscopic fungi from two divisions, namely Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, which are classified into four classes, six orders, twelve families, and twenty-two genera. Most macroscopic fungi found were substrate-dependent on decayed wood, with fewer species located on the soil. The environmental factors influencing their growth include air temperatures ranging from 28 to 32°C, air humidity between 67 and 80%, and soil pH levels of approximately 6.0 to 7.5, which are highly conducive to fungal proliferation. These findings provide a valuable checklist for future research on fungal distribution in tropical regions and contribute significantly to biodiversity conservation efforts.
Gamma-ray irradiation induced polymorphism in Echinacea purpurea revealed by RAPD markers AGUSTINA PUTRI CAHYANINGSIH; NITA ETIKAWATI; AHMAD YUNUS
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170211

Abstract

Abstract. Cahyaningsih AP, Etikawati N, Yunus A. 2025. Gamma-ray irradiation induced polymorphism in Echinacea purpurea revealed by RAPD markers. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 289-297. One of the major challenges in the development and cultivation of Echinacea purpurea in Indonesia is the narrow genetic diversity and the lack variation of local accessions, which restricts breeding potential to produce superior varieties with improved traits in terms of morphological characteristics and phytochemical content as medicinal ingredients. To overcome this challenge, gamma-ray irradiation methods can be used as an effective tool to induce mutations and increase genetic variability. This study investigated the impact of gamma irradiation on the genetic diversity of E. purpurea using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The seeds of E. purpurea were irradiated using gamma-ray with irradiation doses of 0 Gy (control), 20 Gy, 40 Gy, and 60 Gy. Nine RAPD primers, including OPA-10, OPA-16, OPA-18, and OPA-19, were used to amplify DNA segments. The binary data obtained from the electrophoresis visualization for each treatment were analyzed using the Dice similarity index to calculate the similarity index. Dendrogram construction were performed using the NTSYS. The analysis revealed a significant increase in genetic diversity at doses of 40 Gy and 60 Gy, with 58.04% of the total bands showing polymorphism across all treatments. The 60 Gy treatment, in particular, resulted in the highest genetic dissimilarity compared to the control, indicating a dose-dependent response. The similarity coefficients between control and irradiated plants ranged from 63.7% (20 Gy) to 84.4% (0 Gy), with a noticeable trend toward greater genetic differentiation as the irradiation dose increased. These findings suggest that gamma irradiation effectively induces genetic variation in E. purpurea, which could be harnessed for mutation breeding programs aimed at improving desirable traits such as phytochemical production. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and long-term evaluation are needed to assess the stability of these mutations and their potential for incorporation into breeding programs. This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the use of gamma irradiation in enhancing genetic diversity and its potential application in breeding superior E. purpurea varieties with improved agronomic or medicinal traits.
Bird identification and conservation in Semarang Traditional Markets, Indonesia HUSNA’ PUTRI NUR ‘AZIZAH; IFFAH NABILA; KHARISMA DAMAYANTI; IKHLASUL AQMAL KHAWARIZMI; MUCHAMMAD SHOLIQIN; MUHAMMAD INDRAWAN; TITI WAHYUNI; JOHAN ISKANDAR; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170111

Abstract

Abstract. Nur ‘Azizah HP, Nabila I, Damayanti K, Khawarizmi IA, Sholiqin M, Indrawan M, Wahyuni T, Iskandar J, Setyawan AD. 2025. Bird identification and conservation in Semarang Traditional Markets, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 103-117. Birds are one of the wildlife species that humans widely utilize as food, pets, economic resources, and for their aesthetic value. Bird markets in Indonesia have become an integral part of people's lives, but this can also be a threat if not properly controlled. The objectives of this study were to identify bird species traded in bird markets, assess their selling prices, analyze the conservation status and endemicity of traded species, and evaluate the sustainability of bird markets. This research was conducted in three traditional markets in Central Java Province, Indonesia, i.e., (i) Banyuputih Market in Salatiga City; (ii) Pasar Pon Ambarawa in Semarang District; and (iii) Kartini Market in Semarang City, using a descriptive qualitative method with a survey and observation approach. The collected data were grouped based on several categories, such as the type of bird species, conservation status, and the location where the species was found. The results of this study showed 46 families with 136 bird species, of which 18 species are non-endemic and 118 species are endemic. Based on the conservation status, according to IUCN, several species are rare (23 species), namely endangered (9 species), vulnerable (3 species) and near threatened (11 species); as well as 13 species are included in Appendix II of CITES; and 14 species are nationally protected according to Permen LHK No.P.20/2018. Most birds come from wild hunting (106 sp.) instead of breeding (30 sp.). Two endemic bird species, including rare according to the three institutions, are Pycnonotus cyaniventris (cucak kelabu) and P. zeylanicus (cucak rawa). Suppliers and traders need to pay attention to the sustainability of the bird trade through biological conservation by providing more breeding birds. Efforts are needed to apply the principles of sustainable development that include economic, social, and environmental aspects in the bird trade in bird markets.
Mycochemical screening, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of Panaeolus cyanescens KHEA V. GALAY; SHEILA MARIE Y. PLIMACO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170114

Abstract

Abstract. Galay KV, Plimaco SMY. 2025. Mycochemical screening, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of Panaeolus cyanescens. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 137-154. This study focuses on exploring the subtleties of the hallucinogenic mushroom Panaeolus cyanescens Sacc., known for its psychoactive component psilocybin. The study focuses on exploring the phytochemical, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of ethanolic extracts through rigorous procedures while considering factors such as chemical composition, physiological characteristics, possible therapeutic applications, and the broader implications of its psychoactive nature. The methods used are mycochemical screening, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, and brine shrimp lethality test. The goal of the study is to determine the bioactive components in the mushroom and investigate their potential therapeutic applications, with an emphasis on their anticancer capabilities. The process entails gathering, confirming, and producing the extracts. A wide spectrum of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, and fatty acids, are shown in the results, suggesting several potential therapeutic advantages. 25 unique compounds with antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties have been identified by GC-MS analysis, offering a comprehensive understanding of their bioactivity. With an IC50 value of 91.19 ppm, the DPPH assay exhibits strong antioxidant qualities and notable concentration-dependent antioxidant activity. With an LC50 value of 26.63 ppm, cytotoxicity studies show substantial toxicity and strong anticancer effects. The study highlights P. cyanescens's varied bioactive properties, antioxidant capacity, and intriguing anticancer potential while offering crucial insights into the proper dosage and responsible usage of the plant. The findings of the present assessment provide initial scientific validation for the mushroom's historic use in long-standing cultural customs. This study catalyzes additional research and confirmation of its therapeutic value.
Disease assessment and pathogenicity of Phomopsis spp. in fruits of eggplants (Solanum melongena) in Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines AIVEE MAE B. NACIONALES; DIANA P. PAGUNTALAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n180102

Abstract

Abstract. Nacionales AMB, Paguntalan DP. 2026. Disease assessment and pathogenicity of Phomopsis spp. in fruits of eggplants (Solanum melongena) in Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines. Nusantara Bioscience 18 (1): n180102. https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n180102. Fruit rot is an economically important disease affecting eggplant (Solanum melongena) production worldwide. This study assessed the incidence, severity, and economic impact of fruit rot in Barangay Oyungan, Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines and characterized its causal pathogen. Across three harvests, disease incidence averaged 35.05%, with 14.75% specifically attributed to fruit rot. The Percent Disease Index (PDI) was consistently high (mean 54.79%). Economic losses were substantial, with rejected fruit peaking at 51.55% of the harvest on 17 March 2024. Morpho-cultural characterization of fungal isolates revealed nine colonies, of which AES2R3 and AES3R3 exhibited typical Phomopsis spp. characteristics. AES2R3 produced both alpha- and beta-conidia, whereas AES3R3 produced only alpha-conidia. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that both isolates were pathogenic, producing characteristic sunken, gray-to-brown lesions and dark pycnidia by 22 days post-inoculation. These findings establish that Phomopsis spp. is a major cause of eggplant fruit rot in the locality and demonstrate its significant impact on yield and quality. Results highlight the importance of implementing integrated disease management strategies, varietal screening, and seasonal monitoring to reduce losses and support farmer profitability. This is the first study to report the occurrence of Phomopsis species causing fruit rot in Miagao, Iloilo.
Metal concentration and environmental risk assessment of roadside soils in highly urbanized areas of Bukidnon, Philippines JOHN REY NATINGA LABAJO; JUNESA UDTOJAN CRISTOBAL; MYRNA GEMENTIZA PABIONA; ROMIL S. TAN; JESSIE GUTIERREZ-SUSON; LYDIA EBARE-TIONGCO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170108

Abstract

Abstract. Labajo JRN, Cristobal JU, Pabiona MG, Tan RS, Gutierrez-Suson J, Ebare-Tiongco L. 2025. Metal concentration and environmental risk assessment of roadside soils in highly urbanized areas of Bukidnon, Philippines. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 68-83. Five urbanized localities in Bukidnon were selected based on population density and vehicular activities. Soil samples were collected, and metal concentration was determined using AAS, sediment quality guidelines, and the contamination index. The study assessed the metal concentration and environmental risk assessment of soil along the road from five localities in the Province of Bukidnon: It was observed that the highest total concentration for Mn (229.46±21.26), Fe (199.87±51.78), Co (38.13±16.18), Zn (32.43±19.13), Cu (18.17±4.52), Cr (17.95±1.76), and Cd (0.901±0.063) mg kg-1 respectively, Mn, exhibited the highest (lgeo), of "moderately contaminated" level. Co was the highest CF value corresponding to "moderate contamination." The Pollution Load Index (PLI) value of all sampling sites was "perfection or low pollution index." Mn has the highest EFs of "moderately severe enrichment." The Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) revealed that metals are "low risk" and "low." For a multi-element factor, there is "no potential ecological risk" for all study sites. The Toxic Risk Index (TRI) shows "no toxic risk" observed by the metal(iod)s. While Cr has the highest mHQ, with "low severity of contamination." The study underscores the need for practical measures to mitigate metal contamination in agricultural areas, recommending that policymakers, local government officials, and stakeholders develop mitigation approaches to protect the environment and public health.
Optimizing bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) production through carrageenan-fertilizer synergy AL-BASSER BANO ANAYATIN; MYRNA GEMENTIZA PABIONA; JUNESA UDTOJAN CRISTOBAL; ROMIL TAN; JOHN REY NATINGA LABAJO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170116

Abstract

Abstract. Anayatin AB, Pabiona MG, Cristobal JU, Tan R, Labajo JRN. 2025. Optimizing bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) production through carrageenan-fertilizer synergy. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 169-177. This study evaluates the synergistic effects of combining radiation-modified Carrageenan Plant Growth Promoter (PGP) with the Recommended Rate of Inorganic Fertilizer (RRIF) on the growth, nutrient dynamics, and yield of Momordica charantia L. (bitter gourd or ampalaya). Through a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times, treatments integrating RRIF and Carrageenan PGP were tested for their impact on plant height, soil properties, nutrient content, and fruit morphology. Results revealed that *Full RRIF + 4.5L ha?¹ Carrageenan PGP* significantly enhanced fruit yield (64.50 tons ha?¹) and achieved the highest return on investment (ROI: 435.30%), underscoring its economic viability. Meanwhile, ½ RRIF + 9L ha?¹ Carrageenan PGP produced the largest fruit diameter (49.44 mm) and highest total nitrogen (2.60%) and crude protein (16.24%) content, highlighting its role in improving nutritional quality. Mid-growth plant height (29 DAT) exhibited strong correlations with fruit weight (r = 0.475), length (r = 0.482), and diameter (r = 0.647), emphasizing the critical role of vegetative vigor in later stages for optimizing fruit development. Notably, earlier flowering (26 DAT under Full RRIF) correlated negatively with fruit weight (r = -0.558) and length (r = -0.532), suggesting accelerated reproductive phases enhance resource allocation to fruit traits. Carrageenan PGP applications stabilized soil moisture (92.30-93.82%) and maintained adequate phosphorus/potassium levels while significantly boosting soil organic matter (1.48%) and nitrogen content (0.074%) in Full RRIF treatments. The stability of these soil parameters, coupled with enhanced nutrient partitioning efficiency, positions Carrageenan PGP as a sustainable alternative to conventional fertilization. This study advocates for integrating Carrageenan PGP with reduced inorganic fertilizers to balance productivity, soil health, and economic returns. Future research should explore long-term impacts on soil microbial diversity, carbon sequestration, and scalability across diverse agroecological zones to refine protocols for sustainable M. charantia cultivation.

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