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International Journal of Experimental Sports Science Research

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Published by Universitas Pejuang Republik Indonesia

ISSN : - EISSN : 31638287 DOI : -

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The International Journal of Experimental Sports Science Research is a peer-reviewed, international, academic/professional journal, which aims to bridge the gap between coaching and sports science. The journal will integrate theory and practice in sports science, promote critical reflection of coaching practice, and evaluate commonly accepted beliefs about coaching effectiveness and performance enhancement. Open learning systems will be promoted in which: (a) sports science is made accessible to coaches, translating knowledge into working practice; and (b) the challenges faced by coaches are communicated to sports scientists. The vision of the journal is to support the development of a community in which: (i) sports scientists and coaches respect and learn from each other as they assist athletes to acquire skills by training safely and effectively, thereby enhancing their performance, maximizing their enjoyment of the sporting experience and facilitating character development; and (ii) scientific research is embraced in the quest to uncover, understand and develop the processes involved in sports coaching and elite performance.

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Articles 18 Documents

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Analysis of Muscle Fibers of Blue Al-Junaidiyah Students Iin Pratiwi; Muhammad Arkanul Arba"
International Journal of Experimental Sports Science Research Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): 30 January 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pejuang Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66968/hta5fp90

Background: Muscle fiber type composition is a fundamental determinant of athletic performance and physical capacity. Identifying the predominant muscle fiber type in religious boarding school (pesantren) students provides valuable insights into their physical training needs. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the muscle fiber composition of 50 male students at Santri Al-Junaidiyah Biru Pesantren using the vertical jump test method as an indirect assessment tool. Methods: A descriptive quantitative approach was employed with a total sampling technique involving 50 male students aged 15–18 years. Muscle fiber type was assessed using the Bosco vertical jump protocol which differentiates Type I (slow-twitch) and Type II (fast-twitch) fibers based on jump performance indices. Results: The results showed that 56% of students (n=28) were classified as predominantly Type I (slow-twitch) muscle fiber, while 30% (n=15) were classified as Type II (fast-twitch), and 14% (n=7) showed mixed fiber composition. The mean jump index was 48.6 ± 6.2 cm. Conclusions: The majority of Santri Al-Junaidiyah Biru students have slow-twitch dominant muscle fibers, suggesting an inclination toward endurance-type activities. These findings have significant implications for designing physical education programs tailored to the students' physiological profiles.

The Effect of Sit Up Exercises on Abdominal Circumference Reduction of UPRI Sports Coaching Education Students Muhammad Arkanul Arba'; Iin Pratiwi
International Journal of Experimental Sports Science Research Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): 30 January 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pejuang Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66968/qy76ky98

Background: Abdominal circumference is one of the key anthropometric indicators of central obesity and health risk in young adults, including university students. Sedentary habits among sports coaching students who lack structured exercise programs contribute to increased abdominal fat accumulation. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the effect of sit-up exercise on the reduction of abdominal circumference in students of the Sports Coaching Education Program at Universitas Pejuang Republik Indonesia (UPRI) Makassar. Methods: A pre-experimental design with one-group pretest-posttest approach was applied to 30 male students selected through purposive sampling. The sit-up training program was conducted for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, with progressive frequency from 3 sets of 15 repetitions increasing to 3 sets of 25 repetitions. Abdominal circumference was measured using a non-elastic anthropometric tape at the level of the navel. Data were analyzed using paired t-test with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: The mean abdominal circumference before the intervention was 86.74 ± 6.32 cm, which decreased to 83.12 ± 5.87 cm after the 8-week program, representing a reduction of 3.62 cm (p = 0.000 < 0.05). Conclusions: Sit-up exercise performed systematically and progressively for 8 weeks is effective in significantly reducing abdominal circumference in Sports Coaching Education students at UPRI Makassar.

The Effect of Training Methods on the Dominance of Type I and Type II Muscle Fibers: An Evidence-Based Systematic Review Arga Arga; Arif Ardian Arfah
International Journal of Experimental Sports Science Research Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): 30 January 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pejuang Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66968/t4xrrg67

Background: Muscle fiber type composition is a key determinant of physical performance, health, and sports specialization. Training modality whether endurance, resistance, high-intensity interval (HIIT), or plyometric has been shown to induce specific adaptations in Type I (slow-twitch) and Type II (fast-twitch) muscle fibers through distinct molecular and histological pathways. Objectives: This narrative review aims to systematically analyze scientific evidence regarding the influence of various training methods on the dominance of Type I and Type II muscle fibers, covering the underlying mechanisms and implications for sports science practice. Methods: A literature review was conducted using electronic databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, with publication years ranging from 2015 to 2025. Studies involving human subjects with intervention periods of at least 4 weeks and fiber type analysis via muscle biopsy or myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform identification were included. Results: Endurance training consistently shifts fiber composition toward Type I dominance via PGC-1α/AMPK signaling and mitochondrial biogenesis, while high-load resistance training primarily induces Type II hypertrophy. HIIT and sprint interval training promote Type IIa fiber dominance and hybrid fiber development. Plyometric training selectively enhances Type IIx and IIa recruitment. Detraining reverses these adaptations. Conclusions: Different training methods produce distinct, evidence-based adaptations in muscle fiber type composition. Understanding these shifts is critical for designing sports-specific training programs and optimizing athletic performance.

The Relationship Between Strength and Endurance Training on Muscle Fiber Adaptation: A Systematic Review Charmila Tandi Rerung
International Journal of Experimental Sports Science Research Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): 30 January 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pejuang Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66968/byxz4r77

Background: Muscle fiber adaptation is a central mechanism through which the human body responds to systematic physical training. Understanding the relationship between strength training and endurance training in shaping muscle fiber phenotype is critical for optimizing sports performance, health, and rehabilitation outcomes. Objectives: This narrative review examines the relationship between strength training and endurance training with respect to skeletal muscle fiber adaptations, including morphological, metabolic, and molecular changes in Type I and Type II fibers. Methods: A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus (2015–2025) using relevant keywords. Studies involving human subjects with a minimum 4-week training intervention and fiber-type assessment via biopsy or myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform analysis were included. Results: Strength training predominantly induces Type II fiber hypertrophy through mTORC1/IGF-1 signaling, increases cross-sectional area (CSA) of fast-twitch fibers, and preserves neuromuscular innervation of Type II fibers across the lifespan. Endurance training promotes Type I fiber dominance through PGC-1α/AMPK activation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and enhanced oxidative capacity. Concurrent training produces a mixed adaptive profile dominated by Type IIa hybrid fibers, with evidence of a small negative interference effect on Type I fiber hypertrophy. Aging-related Type II fiber atrophy is most effectively attenuated by chronic strength training. Conclusions: Strength and endurance training produce distinct but complementary adaptations in muscle fiber phenotype. Integrating periodized concurrent training can maximize overall fiber plasticity for diverse performance and health goals.

The Role of Training in Muscle Fiber Type Composition Changes Among Petanque Athletes in Soppeng Siti Nurhalizah Mutia Aulria; Riswan Asmari
International Journal of Experimental Sports Science Research Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): 30 January 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pejuang Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66968/a0wx5z85

Background: Petanque is a precision sport requiring fine motor neuromuscular control, postural stability, and limb strength-endurance. Despite growing popularity in Soppeng Regency, South Sulawesi, scientific evidence on structured training effects on muscle fiber composition in petanque athletes remains scarce. Objectives: This study analyzed muscle fiber type composition changes among 36 Soppeng petanque athletes (18 male, 18 female) following a 12-week periodized training program, comparing adaptations across competition categories (buts, tir, mele). Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design was applied to three groups (n=12 each). Measures included handgrip dynamometry, one-leg stance, isokinetic wrist strength, shoulder endurance, 30-meter sprint, VO₂max, and ultrasound CSA of m. flexor digitorum superficialis and m. deltoid. Results: All groups showed significant improvements (p<0.05). Buts athletes demonstrated superior gains in handgrip (+18.4%), balance (+42.3%), and wrist endurance (+31.2%), reflecting Type I fiber dominance. Tir athletes showed greater shoulder explosive power (+24.6%) and sprint improvement (-6.8%), indicating Type II hypertrophy. Mele athletes exhibited balanced adaptations. Conclusions: Petanque-specific training produces category-dependent muscle fiber adaptations, providing the first empirical evidence base for petanque muscle physiology in Soppeng.

The Effect of Throwing and Catching Exercises on Basketball Playing Ability of Grade 3 Students at SDI Unggulan BTN Pemda Arga Arga; Erniyanti Erniyanti
International Journal of Experimental Sports Science Research Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): 30 July 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pejuang Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66968/ijessr

Background: Throwing and catching skills form the primary foundation of basketball that must be developed from an early age. For Grade 3 elementary students, hand-eye coordination, fine motor control, and ball-handling confidence are essential prerequisites in physical education learning. However, the lack of structured training programs targeting these fundamental skills hinders the improvement of basketball abilities at the elementary level. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the effect of an 8-week structured throwing and catching training program on basketball playing ability among Grade 3 students at SDI Unggulan BTN Pemda. Methods: A pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design was applied to 30 Grade 3 students (15 male, 15 female) selected through total sampling. Instruments included chest pass accuracy test, bounce pass test, overhead pass test, zigzag dribbling, lay-up test, and a modified 3 vs 3 game assessment. The intervention was conducted 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Results: Significant improvements were found across all basketball playing ability variables (p < 0.05). The largest gains were in chest pass accuracy (+48.6%), followed by bounce pass (+41.2%) and 3 vs 3 game score (+38.4%). Significant improvements were also noted in zigzag dribbling (-24.8%), overhead pass (+36.7%), and lay-up (+33.1%). Conclusions: A systematic and structured throwing and catching training program significantly improved basketball playing ability among Grade 3 students at SDI Unggulan BTN Pemda, proving effective as a pedagogical approach in elementary school physical education.

Changes in Muscle Fiber Characteristics Due to Resistance and Endurance Training Programs in Sports Coaching Education Students at UPRI Abd. Haris; Nurul Octaviani Basri; Charmila Tandi Rerung; Siti Nurhalizah Mutia Aulria
International Journal of Experimental Sports Science Research Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): 30 July 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pejuang Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Background: Muscle fiber composition is a fundamental determinant of physical performance and athletic potential. Systematic training programs, particularly resistance and endurance training, are known to induce distinct adaptations in Type I (slow-twitch) and Type II (fast-twitch) muscle fibers at morphological, metabolic, and molecular levels. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze changes in muscle fiber characteristics including cross-sectional area (CSA), myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression, and oxidative enzyme activity following 12 weeks of structured resistance and endurance training programs in Sports Coaching Education students at Universitas Pejuang Republik Indonesia (UPRI). Methods: A quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test was applied to 40 male students (aged 18–22 years) randomly assigned to resistance training (RT, n=20) or endurance training (ET, n=20) groups. Physical performance tests (1RM bench press, VO₂max beep test, vertical jump, and 30-meter sprint) were conducted before and after the 12-week intervention. Muscle fiber adaptation indicators were assessed via isokinetic dynamometry and functional indirect markers. Results: The RT group demonstrated significant increases in Type II fiber hypertrophy indicators (CSA estimated via ultrasound), maximum strength (1RM +23.4%), and explosive power (vertical jump +18.7%). The ET group showed improvements in aerobic capacity (VO₂max +16.2%), muscular endurance, and fatigue resistance consistent with a shift toward Type I fiber dominance. Conclusions: A 12-week structured training program produces distinct muscle fiber adaptations depending on modality. Resistance training promotes Type II fiber characteristics, while endurance training enhances Type I fiber qualities. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for program design in sports coaching education curricula.

The Relationship Between Skeletal Muscle Exercise and Immune Endurance: A Literature Review Ahmad Rajendra Paturusi; Jamaluddin Jamaluddin; Muh. Abdillah Burhan; Firda Amelia Ajis Dini; Dihan Julianto
International Journal of Experimental Sports Science Research Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): 30 July 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pejuang Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Background: Skeletal muscle functions not only as a locomotor organ but also as an active endocrine organ that produces myokines bioactive peptides with pleiotropic effects on the immune system. Understanding the relationship between skeletal muscle exercise and immune endurance is increasingly relevant amid rising infectious diseases and declining immunity in physically inactive populations. Objectives: This literature review aimed to synthesize and analyze current scientific evidence on the mechanistic relationship between skeletal muscle exercise and immune endurance, encompassing molecular pathways involved, effects of exercise on cellular and humoral immune components, and the implications of exercise dose on immune response. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect using keywords: skeletal muscle exercise, immune system, myokines, immunomodulation, physical activity, and inflammation. Inclusion criteria covered original research articles and reviews published between 2015–2025 in English and Indonesian. Twenty-three articles met criteria for narrative analysis. Results: Moderate-intensity skeletal muscle exercise consistently enhances immune function through: (1) production and secretion of myokines particularly IL-6, IL-15, irisin, and BDNF which modulate NK cell, T cell, macrophage, and neutrophil activity; (2) regulation of systemic inflammation through reductions in TNF-α, IL-1β, and CRP; (3) increased leukocyte circulation and phagocytic capacity; and (4) improved mucosal barrier function and secretory IgA production. Conversely, very high-intensity prolonged exercise without adequate recovery induces transient immunosuppression through elevated cortisol and decreased lymphocyte ratio. Conclusions: Moderate-intensity skeletal muscle exercise with appropriate frequency and duration is an effective natural immunomodulator. Understanding optimal exercise dose is critical to maximizing immunological benefits while avoiding immunosuppression risk.

The Effect of Skeletal Muscle Exercise on Body Immunity: A Literature Review on Inflammation and Immune Cell Response Nur Fadillah; Muh. Rifki; Ani Sasmita; Sandi Inrawan; Iqra Bismi Rusli
International Journal of Experimental Sports Science Research Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): 30 July 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pejuang Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Background: Skeletal muscle exercise has long been recognized as a physiological stimulus that not only influences physical capacity but also significantly modulates the immune system. However, a deep understanding of how exercise affects systemic inflammation and the responses of various immune cell populations including NK cells, T lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages continues to evolve and requires comprehensive synthesis. Objectives: This literature review aimed to systematically analyze the effect of skeletal muscle exercise on two main immunity domains: (1) regulation of systemic inflammation through biochemical markers, and (2) specific immune cell responses across different exercise modalities and intensities. Methods: Literature searches were conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect using keywords related to physical exercise, inflammation, and immune cells, limited to publications from 2015–2025. Twenty-five articles were selected based on PRISMA criteria for narrative analysis. Results: Moderate exercise consistently reduced pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, CRP) and increased anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10, IL-4, adiponectin). At the cellular level, moderate aerobic exercise increased NK cell cytotoxic activity by up to 65%, improved CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and enhanced phagocytic capacity of neutrophils and macrophages. Conversely, very high-intensity exercise without adequate recovery triggered transient immunosuppression characterized by lymphopenia, elevated cortisol, and decreased sIgA. Conclusions: Skeletal muscle exercise with appropriate intensity and volume constitutes a potent natural immunomodulator. Optimal exercise doses differ for optimizing inflammatory versus cellular immune responses and must be individualized.

Improving Silat Kick Performance through Muscle Training: Impact on Movement Mechanics and Movement Consistency in South Sulawesi Pencak Silat Athletes Fahrizal Fahrizal; Arga Arga
International Journal of Experimental Sports Science Research Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): 30 July 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pejuang Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Background: Kick performance in pencak silat is determined by the interaction of muscle explosive power, movement mechanics, and neuromuscular consistency. Athletes from South Sulawesi who compete in national and regional tournaments require evidence-based training protocols to optimize kicking biomechanics. However, scientific research specifically addressing the effect of muscle training programs on kicking mechanics and movement consistency in South Sulawesi pencak silat athletes remains limited. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the effect of an 8-week structured muscle training program (combining plyometric and resistance training) on kick velocity, angular velocity, impact force, and movement consistency in pencak silat athletes from South Sulawesi. Methods: A pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was employed. Thirty-two male athletes from South Sulawesi's provincial pencak silat contingent (PELATDA Sulawesi Selatan) were selected by purposive sampling. The training program combined progressive plyometric exercises (squat jumps, box jumps, depth jumps) with resistance training (leg press, hamstring curl, hip flexor strengthening) for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week. Kick biomechanics including kick velocity (m/s), angular velocity of knee joint (°/s), peak impact force (N), and consistency index were measured using 2D kinematic analysis with Kinovea software and a force pad sensor. Data were analyzed using Paired Sample T-Test (α = 0.05). Results: Significant improvements were found in kick velocity (pre: 7.84 ± 0.93 m/s → post: 9.47 ± 0.81 m/s; p = 0.000), angular velocity (pre: 412.6 ± 38.4 °/s → post: 498.3 ± 32.7 °/s; p = 0.000), peak impact force (pre: 1.247 ± 186.4 N → post: 1.534 ± 164.2 N; p = 0.000), and consistency index (pre: 72.4 ± 8.1% → post: 84.6 ± 6.3%; p = 0.001). Conclusions: A structured 8-week combined plyometric and resistance training program significantly enhances both biomechanical parameters and movement consistency of kicks in South Sulawesi pencak silat athletes, with practical implications for performance coaching and periodization planning.

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Publishes research findings and scholarly contributions in the fields of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Sports Health Science, Sports Management, Sports Coaching Science, Sports Nutrition, and Physical Therapy.

Location
Kota makassar,

Sulawesi selatan

INDONESIA

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Arga arga

Contact Email arga.arga.mpd@gmail.com

Phone +6285396188384

Journal Mail Official arga.arga.mpd@gmail.com

Editorial Address Publishes research findings and scholarly contributions in the fields of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Sports Health Science, Sports Management, Sports Coaching Science, Sports Nutrition, and Physical Therapy.

Location Kota makassar, Sulawesi selatan INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Arga arga

Contact Email
arga.arga.mpd@gmail.com

Phone
+6285396188384

Journal Mail Official
arga.arga.mpd@gmail.com

Editorial Address
Publishes research findings and scholarly contributions in the fields of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Sports Health Science, Sports Management, Sports Coaching Science, Sports Nutrition, and Physical Therapy.

Location
Kota makassar,

Sulawesi selatan

INDONESIA