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Adam Mudinillah
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INDONESIA
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law
Published by Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi
ISSN : 29884454     EISSN : 29884462     DOI : 10.70177/rjl
Core Subject :
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law is a leading international journal focused on the global exchange of knowledge in Law as well as advancing research and practice across law disciplines. The journal provides a forum for articles reporting on original research, systematic and scholarly reviews focused on law from around the world. Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law publishes national and international research in an attempt to present a reliable and respectable information source for the researchers. Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law has been published since 2023 and is published quarterly. However, since 2025, this journal has changed the number of publications, i.e., bi-monthly | February, April, June, August, October, and December. Articles submitted for publication are subject to a double-blind review process. This journal publishes original articles in English.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 132 Documents
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The Power of Proving the Testimony of a Child Without Being Sworn in Proving the Indictment of the Crime of Child Intercourse Siti Chusnul Nurlaela; Boy Nurdin
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 2 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v2i4.1652

Abstract

Background: The testimony of children in criminal cases, particularly in cases of child intercourse, often presents significant challenges in Indonesia’s legal system. The issue arises when children provide testimonies without being sworn in, raising questions about their evidentiary value. Despite existing legal provisions, the criminal justice system faces difficulties in balancing the protection of children’s rights and ensuring the credibility of their testimonies. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the evidentiary power of child testimony without an oath in proving the indictment of child intercourse crimes. It seeks to identify gaps in regulation and implementation and provide recommendations for improving judicial practices. Methods: The study employs a qualitative approach, analyzing Indonesian legal provisions, case studies, and international comparisons. Data were collected from legal documents, court rulings, and interviews with legal practitioners. Research Findings: The findings indicate inconsistencies in judicial practices regarding child testimony. Factors influencing the credibility assessment include the child’s age, consistency of statements, and supporting evidence. The study highlights a disconnect between legal frameworks and their practical application. Conclusion: The study concludes that legal reform, enhanced capacity building for law enforcement, and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial for improving the handling of child testimonies. These measures can strengthen the criminal justice system while safeguarding children’s rights.
Legal Transformation of Artificial Intelligence Technology to Strike a Balance Between Law and Technology Francisca Romana Nanik Alfiani; Faisal Santiago
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 2 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v2i4.1653

Abstract

Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming various sectors globally, including business and healthcare. In Indonesia, this transformation is supported by initiatives like the Palapa Ring project and 5G infrastructure. However, the rapid growth of AI poses legal and ethical challenges. Current regulations, such as the Personal Data Protection Act, are insufficient to address the complexities of AI technology, creating a gap between legal frameworks and technological advancements. Objective: This study aims to identify the gaps in Indonesia’s AI-related legal frameworks and propose strategies for balancing the development of law and technology to ensure ethical and accountable AI integration. Methodology: Using a normative legal research approach, the study examines existing AI-related legal frameworks, compares international regulations, and analyzes their implications for Indonesia. Findings: The study reveals that while online motorcycle taxis contribute significantly to the transportation sector, current legislation does not fully recognize them as legitimate public transport providers. This gap affects passenger protection and the certainty of service standards. Conclusion: To ensure safety, reliability, and legal clarity, it is imperative to establish a comprehensive legal framework that formally categorizes online motorcycle taxis as recognized public transportation.
Legal Certainty in Guaranteeing Foreign Investment in Timor Leste to Improve The National Economy Antonino Pedro Marsal; Eugenia Brandao Da Silva; Carolina da Cruz; Lucinda Quintas
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 2 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v2i4.1654

Abstract

Background: The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) serves as a platform for economic integration in Southeast Asia, aiming for broader global economic synergy. Its blueprint envisions unrestricted movement of goods, services, capital, and investment across national borders. Investment is critical in enhancing Timor-Leste's national economy. However, achieving this requires an efficient licensing bureaucracy, a conducive investment climate, and government commitment to ensuring legal certainty. Objective: This study aims to analyze the role of legal certainty in attracting foreign investment in Timor-Leste, addressing the challenges posed by the ASEAN Economic Community. Methodology: A normative approach was employed, focusing on legal norms and their role in guaranteeing investment security in Timor-Leste within the AEC framework. Findings: First, the government must establish legal certainty to ensure a secure environment for investors, with consistent implementation of existing laws. Second, the establishment of an arbitration body is essential for swift and transparent business dispute resolution, meeting investor expectations. Third, prioritizing strategic economic sectors can effectively attract foreign investment. Conclusion: Legal certainty plays a pivotal role in attracting investors to Timor-Leste. Transparent dispute resolution through arbitration and promotion of priority sectors significantly enhance the country's appeal to foreign investors.
The Legality of Mandatory Farewell Donations to Graduating Students Based on Article 12 Letter B Of Permendikbud No. 75/2016 on School Committees Thomy Faisal; Megawati Barthos
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 2 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v2i4.1655

Abstract

Background: The quality of education services requires continuous improvement, as emphasized by the Minister of Education and Culture, Muhadjir Effendy, through the revitalization of the School Committee's duties under the principle of mutual cooperation. Permendikbud No. 75 of 2016 establishes the School Committee as an independent institution composed of parents, school communities, and concerned community leaders. Despite these provisions, practices such as mandatory farewell donations often resemble illegal levies, contradicting legal culture, decency, and public interest. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the legality of mandatory farewell donations under Article 12 Letter B of Permendikbud No. 75/2016, examining their alignment with the principles of mutual cooperation and accountability. Methodology: The research employs a normative and juridical approach, analyzing data through descriptive analysis to interpret legal and cultural aspects. Findings: Mandatory farewell donations are often framed as agreements between schools, committees, and parents but tend to violate the legal culture's substance. These practices undermine public trust in educational institutions and conflict with legal principles aimed at ensuring fairness and decency in education. Conclusion: Mandatory farewell donations contradict the principles of mutual cooperation and accountability, highlighting the need for improved legal awareness and cultural shifts among education providers to prevent illegal levies.
Complexity of Agrarian Law Regulations in Disputes over Unauthorized Use of Land Dedy Cahyadi; Ade Saptomo
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 2 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v2i4.1692

Abstract

Background: The complexity of agrarian law regulation in Indonesia has led to significant legal uncertainty and social conflicts, particularly regarding unauthorized land use. Land, as a vital resource in agrarian societies, often becomes the center of disputes due to ineffective land administration, the misuse of land certificates, and corrupt practices. Objective: This study aims to analyze the challenges in agrarian law regulation and propose measures to address disputes over unauthorized land possession. Methodology: Using a normative legal research method, this study examines relevant regulations, including Law No. 5 of 1960 on the Basic Agrarian Law, through legislative and conceptual approaches. Findings: The research identifies key challenges, such as inefficiencies in land administration, abuse of legal documentation, and systemic corruption. To resolve these issues, improvements in the land administration system, stricter enforcement of laws, and increased legal awareness among the public are necessary. Conclusion: The study concludes that more effective agrarian policies are essential to address disputes over unauthorized land use, ensuring legal certainty and minimizing conflicts.
Legal Certainty of Online Motorcycle Taxis as Public Transportation in Indonesia Endro Satoto; Sulhan Sulhan
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 2 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v2i4.1693

Abstract

Background: Indonesia, as an archipelagic nation, heavily depends on transportation that aligns with its unique geographical conditions. The rapid development of science and technology has transformed the transportation sector, leading to the emergence of alternative modes such as online motorcycle taxis (Ojek online). These services have become a crucial component of road transportation, offering intra-city and inter-city journeys via application-based systems. Objective: This study aims to assess the legal standing of online motorcycle taxis and their alignment with current legislative provisions to determine their status as legitimate public transportation. Methodology: The research adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing legislative reviews, comparative studies, and stakeholder interviews to analyze the regulatory framework governing online motorcycle taxis. Findings: The study reveals that while online motorcycle taxis contribute significantly to the transportation sector, current legislation does not fully recognize them as legitimate public transport providers. This gap affects passenger protection and the certainty of service standards. Conclusion: To ensure safety, reliability, and legal clarity, it is imperative to establish a comprehensive legal framework that formally categorizes online motorcycle taxis as recognized public transportation.
The Urgency of Risk Mitigation Strategies in Business Agreements M Arif Syahputra; Faisal Santiago
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 2 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v2i4.1695

Abstract

Background: Business agreements are vital in establishing relationships between parties but are susceptible to various legal risks that may disrupt their execution. Such risks include unclear clauses, legal disputes, and unexpected legal changes, which can threaten the sustainability and stability of agreements. Objective: This study aims to emphasize the importance of risk mitigation strategies in business agreements to prevent disputes and ensure fair execution. It seeks to provide insights into effective risk management practices that contribute to the long-term stability of legal relationships. Methods: The research employs a qualitative approach, analyzing existing literature and case studies on risk mitigation techniques. It focuses on the role of protective clauses, dispute resolution mechanisms, and adaptability to evolving legal frameworks. Results: Findings indicate that robust risk mitigation strategies, including clear contract drafting, the use of force majeure clauses, and the implementation of internal legal systems, significantly reduce potential disputes and enhance agreement sustainability. Conclusion: Risk mitigation is an essential aspect of business agreements, requiring proactive measures from drafting to execution. By adopting effective strategies, businesses can foster stability, fairness, and efficiency in their legal relationships.
Legal Approaches to Cybersecurity: A Global Study of Frameworks and Enforcement in the Digital Age Ethan Tan; Rachel Chan; Daiki Nishida
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v4i1.1792

Abstract

Background. Cybersecurity is a critical global issue driven by increasing reliance on digital technology, which heightens vulnerabilities to data breaches and cyber threats. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) play a key role in strengthening cyber law enforcement, but challenges like regulatory gaps and differing priorities demand systematic collaboration to optimize their effectiveness. Purpose. This research aims to assess the role of public-private partnerships (PPP) in strengthening cyber law enforcement in various legal systems. Method. This research uses an approach Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to identify, analyze and synthesize various studies relevant to the topic of cyber law enforcement and the role of public-private partnerships (PPP) in that context. Results. The research highlights key themes including the effectiveness of PPPs in improving cybersecurity, barriers to their implementation due to regulatory and interest conflicts, regional differences in success rates influenced by legal systems, and the role of PPPs in fostering collaborative innovation and law enforcement, alongside recommendations for strengthening legal frameworks and addressing gaps in empirical data. Conclusion. This research highlights the critical role of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in cyber law enforcement, emphasizing that transparency, trust, and shared commitment are key factors influencing their effectiveness.
Corporate Responsibility for Violations of Online Consumer Data Privacy Hendri Khuan; Amin Zaki; Faizal Razak
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v3i4.2065

Abstract

Background. As digital platforms evolve, consumer privacy concerns related to online data breaches have risen. Companies are increasingly held responsible for the protection of consumer data. The need to assess corporate responsibility in such violations is critical for consumer trust and regulatory frameworks. Objective. This study aims to explore the extent of corporate responsibility in online consumer data privacy violations and the legal and ethical implications for businesses involved. Method. A qualitative research design was adopted, utilizing a case study approach. Relevant case law and reports of data breaches were analyzed to assess how companies manage their data privacy policies and how these are reflected in their accountability for breaches. Background. As digital platforms evolve, consumer privacy concerns related to online data breaches have risen. Companies are increasingly held responsible for the protection of consumer data. The need to assess corporate responsibility in such violations is critical for consumer trust and regulatory frameworks. Objective. This study aims to explore the extent of corporate responsibility in online consumer data privacy violations and the legal and ethical implications for businesses involved. Method. A qualitative research design was adopted, utilizing a case study approach. Relevant case law and reports of data breaches were analyzed to assess how companies manage their data privacy policies and how these are reflected in their accountability for breaches. Results. Findings reveal that while corporations acknowledge the importance of consumer data privacy, there are significant gaps in their implementation of security measures. Legal frameworks often fail to hold companies accountable for breaches, relying instead on self-regulation and fines that are not always sufficient to deter negligence. Conclusion. Corporate responsibility for online data privacy violations requires stronger legal frameworks and stricter enforcement of data protection measures. It is essential for businesses to adopt comprehensive privacy policies and ensure compliance with emerging global standards.
Effectiveness of Mediation in Resolving Business Disputes in the Digital Era Aris Krisdiyanto; Nong Chai; Ton Kiat
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v3i1.2066

Abstract

Background. The digital era has transformed the landscape of business disputes, leading to a rise in conflicts arising from online transactions, e-commerce, and digital platforms. Traditional dispute resolution methods often struggle to address the unique challenges posed by these digital disputes, prompting a growing interest in alternative methods such as mediation. Objective. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mediation in resolving business disputes within the digital environment. Specifically, it investigates how mediation compares to other traditional dispute resolution methods and its impact on time efficiency, cost, and overall satisfaction for businesses involved in digital disputes. Method. A mixed-method approach was used, combining quantitative surveys from businesses that have engaged in digital mediation with qualitative interviews of legal experts and mediators. The data were analyzed to assess key factors such as cost, time savings, and satisfaction in resolving disputes. Results. The findings indicate that mediation is significantly more cost-effective and time efficient compared to litigation. Most participants expressed high satisfaction with the mediation process, noting its flexibility and ability to preserve business relationships. Conclusion. Mediation proves to be an effective method for resolving business disputes in the digital era, offering benefits in terms of cost, time, and relationship management. Businesses are encouraged to adopt mediation as a primary dispute resolution strategy.

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