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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 520 Documents
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FEEDING ECOLOGY OF TREE-CLIMBING MANGROVE SESARMID CRABS FROM LUZON, PHILIPPINES TEVAR MASAGCA, JIMMY
BIOTROPIA Vol. 16 No. 1 (2009): BIOTROPIA Vol. 16 No. 1 June 2009
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2009.16.1.61

Abstract

Despite the large ecological study of tree-climbing mangrove sesarmid crabs in other countries, the Philippine representatives appear to have not been investigated extensively. This paper presents the feeding ecology as to dependence on mangrove trees of sesarmids in different mangrove areas of southern Luzon. This is biased on the nature of the crab habitats, arboreal climbing skills and burrowing behavior of the sesarmids:  Selatium elongatum  and Episesarma versicolor - exclusive mangrove tree climbers (EMTC); Sarmatium germaini - occasional mangrove tree climber (OMTC); and the non-mangrove tree-climbing (NMTC) sesarmids- Neosarmatium smithii, Perisesarma bidens and Perisesarma eumolpe.Key words:    mangrove crabs, sesarmid crabs, climbing skills, burrowing skills, arboreal climbing crabs, Catanduanes, Philippines
PHYSIC NUT (JATROPHA CURCAS L.) DISEASES IN LAMPUNG PROVINCE GINTING, CIPTA
BIOTROPIA Vol. 16 No. 1 (2009): BIOTROPIA Vol. 16 No. 1 June 2009
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2009.16.1.66

Abstract

Intensified cultivation of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) could raise the importance of plant diseases.  The objectives of this research were to diagnose diseases occurring on physic nut in Lampung Province and to determine their intensity.  Field observation was conducted in four districts: South Lampung, Tanggamus, Bandarlampung, and Tulang Bawang.  Disease intensity, whether expressed as disease incidence or severity, was recorded from plant samples determined by making diagonal lines across the field on which five observation spots were made.  On each spot, five plant samples were observed.  Specimens were also collected and placed individually in plastic bags for laboratory observation.  The diseases found on physic nut in Lampung Province were cercospora leaf spot, alternaria leaf spot, fusarium wilt, and bacterial wilt.  In addition, leaf malformation first thought to be viral disease was commonly found in many locations.  Further mechanical transmission failed to produce similar symptom on tested plants and higher population of mites were found on malformed leaves than that in normal leaves.  Based on the disease distribution and intensity, the most likely threatening disease in physic nut cultivation is bacterial wilt.  Fusarium also  caused wilt, but it was only found in one subdistrict with low incidence.  Keywords: Alternaria, Cercospora, fusarium wilt, bacterial wilt, Jatropha curcas diseases
USING STREPTOMYCES XYLANASE TO PRODUCE XYLOOLIGOSACHARIDE FROM CORNCOB MERYANDINI, ANJA; SUNARTI, TITI CANDRA; NAOMI, APRILIA; MUTIA, FERY
BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 2 (2008): BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 2 December 2008
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2008.15.2.71

Abstract

Streptomyces 234P-16 and SKK1-8 are xylanase-producing bacteria. Corncob xylan were extracted using acidified method. Crude enzymes (produced by centrifuging the culture) were used to hydrolyze xylan from 2 varieties of corncob. Crude extract activity was measured by using DNS (Dinitrosalisilic Acid) method. Xylanase from strain 234P-16 has the highest activity if cultivated in 1% Hawaii xylan, whereas strain SKK1-8 on 1.5% Bisma xylan. SKK1-8 xylanase can hydrolize corncob xylan (1% Hawaii or 1.5% Bisma xylan) within 4 hours and produce xylooligosacharide with polymerization degree of 4.76 and 6.37, respectively. Key words: Xylanase, Xylooligosacharide, Streptomyces.
THE STATUS OF MOLLUSK DIVERSITY AND PHYSICAL SETTING OF THE MANGROVE ZONES IN CATANDUANES ISLAND, LUZON, PHILIPPINES MASAGCA, JIMMY TEVAR; MENDOZA, ANGELICA V.; TRIBIANA, ESTERELLA T.
BIOTROPIA Vol. 17 No. 2 (2010): BIOTROPIA Vol. 17 No. 2 December 2010
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2010.17.2.77

Abstract

The status of mollusk diversity and physical setting of mangrove areas in Catanduanes island, Luzon (Philippines) are described. A total of 57 species of molluscs, consisting of 27 gastropods and 30 bivalves were recorded in the island. The most abundant of these molluscs are the prosobranch, Terebralia sulcata; corbiculid bivalve, Geloina coaxans; potamidiids, Cerithidea cingulata and Cerithidea rhizophorarum; and two other species of the genus Littorina (Littorinopsis). Using the physiographic model, majority of the mangrove areas under study follow the composite river and wave-dominated setting with some few areas having the wave-dominated, tide-dominated allochthonous setting following the physiognomic model. Keywords: Mollusk diversity, mangrove areas, Philippines
ECOLOGICAL STUDY IN TWO QUARRIED LIMESTONE KARST HILLS IN BOGOR WEST JAVA: VEGETATION STRUCTURE AND FLORISTIC COMPOSITION SATYANTI, ANNISA; CANDRA KUSUMA, YAYAN WAHYU
BIOTROPIA Vol. 17 No. 2 (2010): BIOTROPIA Vol. 17 No. 2 December 2010
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2010.17.2.81

Abstract

Many species extinctions have probably gone unnoticed on limestone that was destroyed before they could be sampled. Unless biodiversity surveys are intensified, the true magnitude of extinctions will never be ascertained. The objectives of this study were to determine tree species composition of limestone hills in Nyungcung and Ciampea; to determine quantitatively the dominant and less dominant species and to quantify floristic structure of the two limestone hills. Value of richness (Menhinick) and evenness in Nyungcung were 3.28 and 0.826 whilst in Ciampea were 3.29 and 0.823, respectively. In term of diversity (Shannon Wiener), Nyungcung seems to be more diverse than Ciampea as indicated by the higher value of diversity index. Nyungcung has 3.225 of diversity (Shannon Wiener) index while Ciampea has 2.859. The floristic composition of two sites was significantly different and  mostly comprised  Moraceae, Rubiaceae, and Euphorbiaceae. However, the highest presence of species were Antidesma montanum (Euphorbiaceae) and Chrysophyllum lanceolatum (Sapotaceae), and Pandanus sp. (Pandanaceae) in Nyungcung, whereas in Ciampea, Harpullia arborea (Sapindaceae), Ophiorhhiza canescens (Rubiaceae), and Allophyllus cobbe (Sapindaceae). Macaranga rhizinoides, O. canescens, A. montanum, and Turpinia montana , respectively , gained the highest importance values. Key words: limestone, flora, composition, quarries
SOIL WATER BALANCE, BIOMASS AND YIELD OF POTATO CROP (Solanum tuberosum L.) GROWN IN HIGH ALTITUDE HUMID TROPICS OF INDONESIA Salwati, R; Handoko, I
BIOTROPIA Vol. 19 No. 1 (2012): BIOTROPIA Vol. 19 No. 1 June 2012
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2012.19.1.82

Abstract

This research calculated water loss through actual evapotranspiration and runoff (ETa+Ro) of potato crop in high altitude of humid tropics in Indonesia by using water balance approach.  The treatments consist of two row spacings and three seed sizes for sowing.  Soil water contents of six combination of treatments were measured weekly to the soil depth of 100 cm to calculate water loss by actual evapotranspiration and runoff.  Water loss by ETa+Ro was much higher (average of 18.2 mm/day) compared to average potential evapotranspiration (7.5 mm/day).  Despite high rainfall during the growing season (1314 mm), actual evapotranspiration could reduce soil water content to 60 cm soil depth due to the high runoff caused by limited capacity of water infiltration into the soil.  Total ETa+Ro averaged for all treatments was 1365 mm which was comparable among treatments. Higher soil water content resulted in larger crop biomass and higher tuber yield.  On the other hand, larger seed size produced greater crop biomass and tuber yield irrespective of the variation of soil water contents in the treatments.
MYCORRHIZAE IN AGROFORESTRY: A CASE-STUDY NUHAMARA, S.T.
BIOTROPIA Vol. 1 No. 1 (1987)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1987.1.1.87

Abstract

Census of mycorrhizae in Shorea javanica agroforests has been made periodically in the district of Krui, Lampung, Sumatra. Amanita hemibapha (Amanitaceae), Cantharellus cibarius (Cantharella-ceae), Lactarius spp., Russula spp. (Russulaceae) and Scleroderma sp. (Sclerodermataceae) were commonly encountered on the agroforest floor. These mycorrhizal fungi are naturally associated with  the planted trees. The significance of mycorrhizae for the maximization of growth and sustained productivity of resin is discussed as well as the need to design well defined agroforestry systems to facilitate growth and to improve production management techniques.
ASSESSMENT OF SPOT SATELLITE DATA FOR TROPICAL VEGETATION INVENTORY AND MONITORING IN SUMATRA Laumonier, Yves
BIOTROPIA No. 3 (1989)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1989.0.3.97

Abstract

Following a previous vegetation mapping in Sumatra island (Indonesia), an assessment of SPOT satellite capability to handle specific problems related to vegetation identification and monitoring from remote sensing data has been undertaken. Results of visual interpretation and multispectral analysis have shown the usefulness of SPOT data for the appraisal of tropical vegetation at medium scale. This was particularly striking for the swampy vegetation types including mangroves and for the secondary vegetation, for which significant improvements have been brought by multispectral classifications. A 20 m ground resolution is neither sufficient to provide information on primary forest patterns, nor to identify properly logged over areas. Never theless, several degrees of depletion of the forest and all the serial stages have been identified, which is a considerable progress compared with previous remote sensing means. SPOT is a very good alternative to medium scale aerial photographs for the production of medium scale (1 : 100 000 to 1 : 250 000) vegetation and land-use maps.
THE ADSORPTION OF IMAZAPYR BY THREE SOIL TYPES IN INDONESIA TJITROSEMITO, S.
BIOTROPIA No. 6 (1992)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1992.0.6.105

Abstract

The adsorption of imazapyr in three Indonesian soil types was investigated with labelled 14 C-imazapyr using Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The availability of adsorbed imazapyr to plants as affected by washing and liming was assayed using root elongation of rice seedlings. Red-Yellow Podsolic soil adsorbed imazapyr more than Andosol and sandy soil of Laladon. The adsorption was greater at lower pH. Washing seemed to reduce the concentration of imazapyr as shown by the increasing length of rice roots. On the other hand liming facilitated higher concentrations of imazapyr in the solution as shown by the reduction of rice root length. The practical implication is discussed.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF DAMPING-OFF FUNGI OF AGOHO (CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA L.) USING ANTAGONISTIC BACTERIA E.P. MILITANTE, M.U. GARC, A.K. RAYMUNDO,
BIOTROPIA No. 7 (1994)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1994.0.7.111

Abstract

A series of laboratory and nursery experiments were conducted specifically to determine the efficacy of 85 strains of Bacillus species and 15 actinomycetes against six fungal pathogens isolated from damped-off agoho. These damping-off fungi were: Fusarium oxysporum Schet., Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn., Phytophthora parasitica Dastur, Pythium debaryanum Hesse, and two unidentified pathogens temporarily designated as Unk 1 and Unk 2. Preliminary test using the agar-plug technique revealed that 18 of the bacterial isolates could suppress two or more of the six damping-off fungi. Fusarium oxysporum was inhibited by 17 bacterial isolates, R. solani by 8 isolates, P. parasitica by 14 isolates and P. debaryanum by 15 isolates. The unidentified damping-off fungi Unk 1 and Unk 2 were inhibited by 13 and 9 isolates, respectively. Further screening using the agar-diffusion method disclosed that 10 isolates were effective antagonists with Bacillus subtilis (Code No. R060), Bacillus sp. (Code No. R071), and Streptomyces sp. (Code No. R086) as the consistent and most effective inhibitors. Application of the three most promising antagonistic bacteria as seed treatment s howed that they effectively inhibited the growth of the damping-off fungi in the laboratory as exhibited by an increase in percent germination. Bacillus subtilis however, was not able to antagonize the effect of P. debaryanum in this particular experiment. Seed germination and seedling survival were likewise improved with the application of the three most promising antagonistic bacteria as seed treatment. This was shown after three months under nursery conditions. There were possible mechanisms of control by the antagonistic bacteria against the damping-off fungi. The mycelium and spores of the pathogenic fungus may have been attacked and parasitized by the antagonist when they were simultaneously grown in culture media. There must have been a competitive interaction between the two microorganisms. Any essential requirement of microorganisms can serve as potentially possible basis for competition. Another was antibiosis which is an inhibitory effect exerted by an organism upon another organism through the production of antibiotic compounds. Moreover, several strains of bacteria are effective in lysing cell walls of pathogenic fungi under laboratory conditions. Lysis is often attributed to production of cell wall degrading enzymes like chitinase and gluconase that may hydrolyze major constituents of fungal cell walls.

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