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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 520 Documents
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ASPERGILLUS FLA VUS INFECTION AND AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN PEANUTS AT VARIOUS STAGES OF THE DELIVERY CHAINS IN CIANJUR REGENCY, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA OKKY S.DHARMAPUTRA
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 24 (2005)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2005.0.24.174

Abstract

A survey to obtain information on pre- and postharvest handling of peanuts at farmer, collector, wholesaler and retailer levels, including  Aspergillus flavus  infection and aflatoxin  BI  contamination of peanuts collected in Cianjur regency, West Java, was conducted during the harvest period of the wet season of February 2004. The moisture contents and physical qualities of the peanuts were also determined. Thirteen and 40 dry pod samples were collected randomly from 12 farmers and 23 collectors, respectively. Seven dry kernel samples were also collected from collectors. Five and 45 dry kernel samples were collected randomly from 2 wholesalers and 45 retailers in traditional markets, respectively. Thus, a total of 110 dry peanut pod and kernel samples were collected. The results of interviews with farmers, collectors, wholesalers and retailers, and also the moisture contents and physical qualities of the peanuts arc described in this article. The percentages of samples infected by A. flavus were highest at the wholesaler as well as at retailer levels (100%, respectively), followed by those sampled at the  collectors (85.0 and 85.7%, respectively), and farmers (84.6%). The mean percentage of infected kernels in infected samples of peanuts collected from retailers was the highest (87.6%), followed by those collected from wholesalers (72.4%), collectors in the form of kernels (23.3%) and pods (17.7%), and farmers (15.2%). The range of aflatoxin  BI  contents in peanut samples collected from farmers (dry pods), collectors (dry pods), wholesalers (dry pods and kernels) and retailers (dry kernels) were < 3.6 -114.2, < 3.6 -2999.5 and < 3,6 - 34.1, < 3.6 - 6065.9, and < 3.6 - 6073.0 ppb, respectively. The highest aflatoxin B, contents at the wholesaler and retailer levels were 6065.9 ppb (in one sample) and 6073.0 ppb (in one sample), respectively. The percentage of samples contaminated with more than 15 ppb of aflatoxin BI was the highest in peanuts collected from wholesalers (80.0% of samples), followed by retailers (75.6%), farmers (38.5%) and collectors (30.0 and 14.3%). In 1999 Codex Alimcntarius Commission determined that the maximum total aflatoxin content in peanuts intended for further processing is 15 ppb, suggesting that an alarming proportion of peanuts throughout the Indonesian food chain arc in excess of this maximum limit. Key words : ,4,spergillius flavus/Aflatoxin/Peanuts/Cianjur regency
SYNERGISTIC ACTIVITY OF ENZYMES PRODUCED BY EUPENICILLIUM JAVANICUM AND ASPERGILLUS NIGER NRRL 337 ON PALM OIL FACTORY WASTES TRESNAWATI PURWADARIA; NONI NIRWANA; Pius P. KETAREN; DYAH ISWANTINI PRADONO; YANTYATI WIDYASTUTI
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 20 (2003)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2003.0.20.178

Abstract

The use of palm kernel cake (PKC) and palm oil mill effluent (POME), substances from palm oil factory wastes, for monogastric is limited by their high cellulose and mannan contents. Hydrolytic enzymes have been supplemented to increase the nutrient digestibility. The maximal digestibility was obtained in the synergistic action of all enzyme components including B-D-endoglucanase (CMCase), B-D-glucosidase, B-D-mannanase, p-D-mannosidase, and oc-D-galactosidase. Two kinds of enzymes produced by Eupenicillium javanicum  and Aspergillus niger NRRL 337 on the submerged culture containing 3% coconut meal were selected to hydrolyze PKC or dry POME. Enzyme from E. javanicum contained higher CMCase, B-D-mannanase, and a-D-galactosidase activities, while that from  A. niger  NRRL 337 contained more p-D-glucosidase and p-D-mannosidase activities. Saccharification (hydrolytic) activities of enzyme mixtures on PKC and POME were determined at pH 5.0, the optimal pH for p-D-mannanase from  E. javanicum,  and at 5.4 the optimal pH for a-D-galactosidase from  E. javanicum  and P-D-glucosidase from  A. niger NRRL 337. The enzyme proportions of E. javanicum and A. niger NRRL 337 were 100 : 0, 80 : 20, 60 : 40, 40 : 60, and 0 : 100%. The highest Saccharification activity on both substrates was observed on the mixture of 80% A. niger NRRL 337. The pH levels did not significantly affect Saccharification activity. Fiber components in PKC were more digestable than in POME. Further analysis on the reducing sugar components using thin layer chromatography showed that more monomers were produced in the 60 or 80% of A. niger NRRL 337. The glycosidases of A. niger NRRL 337 played more important role in the Saccharification activity. Keywords:        Synergistic activity/ palm kernel cake/palm oil mill effluent/ Eupenicillium javanicum/ Aspergillus niger NRRL 337
KARYOMORPHOLOGY OF THE PHILIPPINE ROCK GOBY, Glossogobius giuris (GOBIIDAE) FROM LAKE TAAL AND SOME RIVERS OF CAVITE, LUZON ISLAND JIMMY T MASAGCA; JOSE A. ORDONEZ
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 21 (2003)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2003.0.21.185

Abstract

The karyomorphology of Glossogobius giuris (Gobiidae) obtained from Lake Taal and some rivers of Cavite in Luzon Island, Philippines was described. Metaphase chromosome analysis (colchicine-sodium citrate-Carnoy's fixation-Giemsa staining procedures) of the hematopoitetic cells in the anterior kidneys revealed that the diploid chromosome number was 2n=46 (46A). Fundamental Number (FN) is also 46, since all chromosomal morphology were acrocentrics without any distinguishable heteromorphic pair of chromosomes in the metaphase spreads from both dry and wet preparations. This study confirms previous reports on the chromosomal sets of G. giuris from India. Keywords : Philippines / Lake Taal / Genetics / Karyomorphology / Glossogobius giuris
GROWTH AND ROOTING SYSTEM OF ACACIA MANGIUM OBTAINED BY TISSUE CULTURE IWAN SETIAWAN
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 4 (1991)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1991.0.4.189

Abstract

NO ABSTRACT
PRODUCTION STRUCTURE OF MAIN COMMERCIAL TREE SPECIES IN A MANGROVE FOREST IN EAST SUMATERA, INDONESIA CECEP KUSMANA
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 5 (1992)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1992.0.5.194

Abstract

Production  structure  of  main  commercial  tree  species  was  studied  in  a  mangrove  forest  in  East Sumatera, Indonesia. This research was carried out in January 1991 using the estimation of standing biomass with stratified clipping method in order to know the production structure of the main commercial tree species in this mangrove forest, i.e. Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguieraparviflora and B. sexangula. The results obtained show that R. apiculata tended to have a sparser foliage of thicker leaves along the stem than B. parviflora or B. sexangula; therefore, R. apiculata is regarded as a shade-intolerant tree species. In contrast, either B. parviflora or B. sexangula tended to have a larger proportion of leaves and branches along the stem; consequently, those species are recognized as shade-tolerant tree species.
MEDICINAL HERBS OF PASIR MAYANG, JAMBI: ETHNOPHARMACY AND TOXICITY SCREENING HILMAN AFFANDI; ARIF NURYADIN; SUSILO B. PRAYOGO
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 22 (2004)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2004.0.22.203

Abstract

This article presents the results of an investigation concerning the use of herbal medicinal plants by the people of Pasir Mayang, sub-District (Municipality) of VII Koto, District of Tebo, Jambi Province, Sumatera. The data collection was based on interviews with the healers and other villagers of Pasir Mayang who possess knowledge of the different plants and their medicinal uses. The study recorded 57 species of medicinal plants used in Pasir Mayang. The detailed uses of the 57 medicinal plants are given. All plant species were subjected to phytochemical analysis and toxicity tests, and the outcome of the analysis on the presence of alkaloids, saponins, steroids/terpenoids, and the level of  toxicity against brine shrimp (Anemia salina) are presented. A comparison with other studies reported in the literature seems to indicate that a high frequency of the use of leaves in therapy may be a part of a larger cultural phenomenon among the tropical forest tribes of Southeast Asia. Keywords : Indonesia/Jarabi/Pasir Mayang/medicinal plants/ethuophannacy/toxicity screening
INVENTORY OF THE INVASIVE ALIEN PLANT SPECIES IN INDONESIA SRI SUDARMIYATI TJITROSOEDIRDJO
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 25 (2005)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2005.0.25.209

Abstract

   An inventory of the alien plant species in Indonesia based on the existing references and herbarium specimens concluded that 1936 alien plant species are found in Indonesia which belong to 187 families. Field studies should be done to get the complete figures of alien plant species in Indonesia. Based on the existing figures of the plant species, the invasive alien plant species can be identified, followed by studies on the assessment of losses, biology, management and their possible utilizations. Alien plant species are imported to Indonesia for cultivation, collection of the botanical garden, as experimental plants or other curiosities. Aside from plants purposely imported,  there are also introduced plant propagules conta-minating imported agricultural products. These alien plant species can be beneficial or have a potential of being invasive. The alien cultivated species consisted of 67% of the total number. More than half of the cultivated plants are ornamental plants. Some of the species are naturalized or escaped from cultivation and become wild and invasive. Some other naturalized species, adapted well without any problems of invasion. There are 339 species or 17% of the species recorded as weeds. The highest record of weeds is found in the family of Poaceae (57 species), followed by Asteraceae (53 species) and Cyperaceae (35 species). There are 6 families having more than  10 species of weeds: Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Poaceae, and Rubiaceae. Three families have more than 100 species: Asteraceae 162 species, Poaceae 120 species, and Papillionaceae 103 species. Five species of aquatic and 20 species of terrestrial plants  considered as important alien plant species in Indonesia were identified and some of  their  distributions noted.  Keywords :  Alien plant species/Invasive alien plants/Weeds/Environmental weeds/Aquatic and   terrestrial  alien  plants   
THE LIGHT GRADIENTS INSIDE SOYBEAN LEAVES AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE CURVATURE FACTOR OF THE LIGHT RESPONSE CURVES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS TANIA JUNE
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 25 (2005)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2005.0.25.213

Abstract

ABSTRACT  Light gradients within leaves are not included in the model of Farquhar, although a steep light gradient does exist within leaves. For a bifacial  leaf, the model shows good agreement with measured data, but for an isobilateral leaf the model may underestimate photosynthesis measured by conventional gas exchange. Isobilateral leaves easily developed when plants were grown in growth chambers where some light were reflected from the growth chamber metal base onto the lower surface of the leaves during growth, resulting in adjustment of the photosynthetic capacity inside the leaves. This could also happen in the  field when canopy is very sparse and lower surface of leaves was exposed to reflected light from soil surface.  Complications occurred when fitting the light response curves of the electron transport rate, due to the interaction between the quantum yield of electron transport (a2) and the curvature factor (Θ). It is suspected that there may be an interaction with the light gradient  within the leaf. This manuscript discusses the effect of a light gradient inside a soybean leaf on the estimation of Θ. It is shown in the manuscript how the light curves of the isobilateral leaves (at different degree) responded when measured using conventional gas exchange and  how it affected the estimation of  Θ and the electron transport capacity, Jmax. An experiment was conducted to prove the hypothesis that this “out of ordinary” estimate of Θ (and hence Jmax) was due to the unmatched distribution of photosynthetic capacity with distribution of absorbed light.   Keywords :  light gradient / photosynthetic capacity (Jmax) / curvature factor (Θ) / gas exchange   
IDENTIFICATION OF OCEANOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS FOR DETERMINING PELAGIC TUNA FISHING GROUND IN THE NORTH PAPUA WATERS USING MULTI-SENSOR SATELLITE DATA SlREGAR, VlNCENTIUS; DAVIDO WAAS, HAROLD JOPPIE
BIOTROPIA Vol. 13 No. 1 (2006): BIOTROPIA Vol. 13 No. 1 June 2006
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2006.13.1.218

Abstract

The North Papua waters as one of the important fishing grounds in the world contribute approximately 75% of world production of pelagic tunas. These fishing grounds are still determined by hunting method. This method is time consuming and costly. However, in many areas determination of fishing ground using satellited data lias been applied by detecting the important oceanographic parameter of the presence of fish schooling such as, sea surface temperature and chlorophyl. Mostly these parameters are used integratedly. The aim of this study is to assess the important oceanographic parameters detected from multi-sensor satellites (NOAA/AVHRR, Seawifs and Topex Poisedon) for determining fishing ground of pelagic tunas in the North Papua waters at east season. The parameters include Sea Surface Temperature (STT), chlorophyl-a and currents. The availability of data from optic sensor (Seawifs: chl-a and AVHRR: Thermal) is limited by the presence of cloud cover. In that case, Topex Poseidon satellite data can be used to provide the currents data. The integration of data from multi-sensors increases the availability of the oceanographic parameters for prediction of the potential fishing zones in the study area. Key words :   Identification, oceanographic parameter, sea surface-temperature, chlorophyl-a, multi sensors, pelagic tuna, North Papua-waters
EMBRYO RECONSTRUCTION BY TRANSPLANTATION OF THE DONOR INNER CELL MASS TO THE RECIPIENT BOVINE BLASTOCYST BOEDIONO, ARIEF
BIOTROPIA Vol. 13 No. 2 (2006): BIOTROPIA Vol. 13 No. 2 December 2006
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2006.13.2.222

Abstract

In an attempt to produce the interspecies embryo transfer, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the production of reconstructed blastocyst by transferring the donor ICM into the recipient trophoblast. ICM cells were isolated from the donor blastocyst by immunosurgery method. Zona-free blastocysts were incubated in the medium (TCM-199) containing 20% of the heat-inactivated rabbit anti-bovine-serum. The embryo reconstruction was produced by three different methods. Recipient blastocyst was maintained on the holding pipette by gentle suction, with the ICM in a 9 o'clock position to have the possibility of developing incorporate ICMs (Method I), the ICM was in a 3 o'clock position to break the original ICM during injection (Method 2); cutting the original recipient ICM followed by insertion of the donor ICM (Method 3). Reconstructed blastocysts were then cultured overnight and examined morphologically according to the re-expansion of the reconstructed blastocyst with or without developed donor ICM. According to morphological observation in this study, 37.9% of the reconstructed blastocyst developed with the incorporation of two ICM originally from recipient and donor (Method I), 66.7% of the reconstructed blastocysts developed with a single ICM (Method 2), and 80.0% of the reconstructed blastocyst developed from the ICM originally from donor ICM (Method 3). These results showed that the reconstructed blastocyst is better produced by cutting the original recipient ICM followed by the insertion of the donor ICM (Method 3).Key words: embryo reconstruction, immunosurgery, ICM transfer, bovine.

Page 39 of 52 | Total Record : 520

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