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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Articles 520 Documents
PLOJDY ANALYSIS AND DNA CONTENT OF MUTANT BANAN "PISANG BERANGAN" USING FLOW CYTOMETRY OTHMAN, ROFINA YASMIN; SHADIA, ABDELGADIR RAYIS; CHAI, MAK
BIOTROPIA No. 19 (2002)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2002.0.19.228

Abstract

Mutagens cause random changes in the nuclear DNA or cytoplasmic organelles, resulting in gene, chromosomal or genomic mutations and hence, create variability. In this study, flow cytometry (FCM) was used to determine ploidy levels and DNA content in gamma-irradiated variants of mutated Pisang Berangan (cv. Intan, AAA) - a local banana genotype. Induced variants such as short plant stature (stunted growth), late flowering plants (late maturity) and abnormalities in bunch characters were selected to study possible changes at the DNA level. The study showed that DNA content of mutated plants differed from non-irradiated control and that irradiation had the most effect at high doses (40 and 60 Gy). The increase of DNA content in 20 Gy and 30 Gy treated plants was not more than that of the control plants. The values of genomic DNA content of gamma-irradiation variants decreased as the dose of irradiation increased from 20 to 60 Gy, indicating that the high dose of gamma-irradiation had a significant effect on the genome of the plants. The analysis further showed that phenotypic variation due to mutagenesis was reflected in the DNA content of the plants. The results also showed that ploidy levels were not affected by gamma-irradiation even at high doses. Keywords: Musa spp./mutation breeding/ flow cytometry/  ploidy level/ DNA content
VEGETATION OF LOWLAND TROPICAL FOREST (WEST PAPUA), HUMAN PRESSURE, FOOD AVAILABILITY AND WALLABY (Dorcopsis muelleri) PRESENCE Sykora, Karlè
BIOTROPIA Vol. 19 No. 2 (2012): BIOTROPIA Vol. 19 No. 2 December 2012
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2012.19.2.239

Abstract

The presence of Dorcopsis muelleri in different habitats and related vegetation types has been studied in lowland tropical vegetation in the northern Part of Manokwari, West Papua. Four habitat types comprising 6 plant communities could be distinguished:  1. Grassland, Imperata cylindrica - Ipomea aquatica community; 2. Open forest: a. open forest transitional to grassland, Ficus robusta - Dendrochide sp. community, b. open forest after logging, Musa paradisiaca – Callamus longipina community, c. open forest regenerated after logging,  Diospyros hebecarpa-Lepinopsis ternatensis  community, d. open forest on rocky soil, regenerated after logging, Smilax malacensis-Pandanus tectorius community; 3. Undisturbed (“primary) closed forest, Sommeria leuchophylla–Paraltropis glabra community.  The forest wallaby has especially been noted in grassland, in open forest with only little logging activity and in undisturbed closed forest. It was however not registered from the forests with clear logging influence. D. muelleri appears to be very sensitive to human disturbance. Our results indicate that vegetation structure, food plant availability and possibly also vegetation composition is less important than human disturbance. There is a strong negative relation between on one hand presence of the forest wallaby and on the other hand logging, distance to villages and hunting.
Callus induction of cottoni seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty) collected from Natuna Islands, Riau Islands Province. Sulistiani, Erina
BIOTROPIA Vol. 19 No. 2 (2012): BIOTROPIA Vol. 19 No. 2 December 2012
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2012.19.2.254

Abstract

The objective of this study was to obtain the optimal medium for callus induction from thallus explants off Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) and to regenerate filamentous callus from induced callus. Before cultured cottonii seaweeds collected from the Natuna Islands (Riau Islands Province) were acclimatized in greenhouse and in semi-sterile culture in the laboratory. Sterilized explants were cultured on PES and Conwy media solidified with 0.8% Bacto Agar. In each of these media two combinations of plant growth regulators i.e. BA+IAA and BA+NAA were added. The concentrations of BA used were 0, 0.5, 1 mg/l, the concentrations of IAA were 0, 2.5, 5 mg/l, whereas the concentration of NAA were 0, 0.5, 1 mg/l. The result indicated that the optimal medium for callus induction was PES solidified medium supplemented with BA 1 mg/l. Types of callus formed were (a) white compact callus, (b) white filamentous callus, (c) greenish/brownish callus. Regeneration of callus into clumps offilament had been done by subculturing the callus into PES solidified medium supplemented with BA 1 mg/l + IAA 2.5 mg/l
Genetic Variation, Heritability and Correlation between Resin Production Character of Pinus merkusii High Resin Yielder (HRy) in Cijambu Seedling Seed Orchard (SSO) Iswanto, Arida Susilowati; Supriyanto, Supriyanto; Siregar, Iskandar Z.; Wahyudi, Imam; Corryanti, Corryanti
BIOTROPIA Vol. 20 No. 2 (2013): BIOTROPIA Vol. 20 No. 2 December 2013
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2013.20.2.257

Abstract

Selection high resin candidate P.merkusii is a series of breeding activities to get high resin production trait of pine trees.  In selection process of candidate tress, genetic diversity plays  very important role because higher genetic diversity will give higher opportunity to get source of genes for improved trait. Selection activities of high resin yielder candidates were started  in 2006 through a series of survey activity and morphological identification of candidate trees with high resin production. Specific information about traits genetically related to resin production in Cijambu Seedling Seed Orchard is still not determined yet , although based on resin distribution trend this SSO has the highest mean of resin production.  In this study, progenies planted in 1978 -1983 were evaluated to determine the effectiveness of previous selection, as well as the value of heritability and phenotypic traits that allegedly related with resin production. The results showed high value of coefficient genetic variation (CVG:16.08%), narrow sense heritability values for resin production trait (0.65) and resemble with previous research. This indicates that genetic factor was  dominant for resin production and selection activities has been done for 30 years was effective to get high yielder superior candidate.  Bark thickness, crown length and stem diameter trait was positively significant correlated to resin production, whereas level of pests and diseases was negatively significant correlated to resin production, it is possible that  the trait related with lighting conditions that supporting photosynthesis process and number of resin duct in the wood.  Key words: Selection, high resin yielder, P. merkusii, variation, heritability,phenotypic
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Bisbul Trees (Diospyros blancoi) in Bogor Ningsih, Dwi Retno; Kramadibrata, Kartini; Gunawan, Agustin Wydia
BIOTROPIA Vol. 20 No. 2 (2013): BIOTROPIA Vol. 20 No. 2 December 2013
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2013.20.2.381

Abstract

Bisbul (Diospyros blancoi) isa kind of edible fruit and could be beneficial as inhibitor forskin ageing process.Majority of root plants have symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF); however, AMFinbisbul has never been reported. The objective of this study was to observe AMF colonies and to identify AMF spores in bisbul tree rhizospheres and in pot-cultured Pueraria javanica. Roots and soil samples from bisbul rhizospheres were collected from three locations in Bogor area. Roots were stained using trypan blue 0.05%.  Soil samples were air dried, then part of them were used for spore isolation and the rest were used for pot cultures. Spores wereisolated by wet sieving and decanting method and then continued with centrifugation. The results showed that the structures of AMF colonies in bisbul roots were arbuscules, vesicles, coiled hyphae, and  internal hyphae. Isolated AMF spores were identified as Acaulospora longula, A. scrobiculata, A. tuberculata, Claroideoglomus geosporum,Funneliformis etunicatum,Gigaspora candida, G. ramisporophora, Glomus albidum, G. glomerulatum, and Scutellospora calospora. This is the first report of mycorrhizal infection in the root of bisbul and AMF association with bisbul root. Keywords:  Acaulospora, Claroideoglomus, Funneliformis, Gigaspora, Glomus,  Indonesia, Scutellospora
Heavy Metals Contamination and Water Quality Parameter Conditions in Jatiluhur Reservoir, West Java, Indonesia Gatot Prayoga; Bagus Amalrullah Utomo; Hefni Effendi
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 29 No. 1 (2022): BIOTROPIA Vol. 29 No. 1 April 2022
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1443

Abstract

Waste pollution into the Citarum River (main water source of Jatiluhur Reservoir) was dominated by the manufacturing industry sector (textile, chemical, metal, pharmaceutical). Industrial was the most common contributor to heavy metal waste. Heavy metal contamination into waters will cause any problems, one of which was the emergence of various diseases both short and long term. Based on the issues, the study of heavy metal contamination and also water quality parameter conditions in the Jatiluhur Reservoir was necessary. The heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb, Cd) contents were determined using the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectrometry method (for sediment) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) method (for water). The other water quality parameters were analyzed using the methods from the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Furthermore, the data were compared to the Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines (for heavy metal in sediment) and water quality standards from Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 82 of 2001 (Class 3) (for water quality parameters). Concerning the discussion, Jatiluhur Reservoir was divided into three zones i.e. the inlet area, main inundation area, and outlet area. Conditions in the sedimentary layer, mercury (Hg) have accumulated throughout the Jatiluhur Reservoir area with conditions exceeding the maximum limit, while Cu metal tends to accumulate in the inlet area with conditions exceeding the minimum limit. For other heavy metals, exceed the minimum limit at some locations, but more results were below that. Although all heavy metals have not been detected in water, this was a warning that the presence of heavy metals in sediments can potentially dissolve into the water, the most extreme thing that can happen was upwelling. If this happens, the heavy metals can be contained excessively in water, harmful to and possibly consumed by aquatic biota and human. Considering these conditions, the biota that was most likely to be exposed was benthic organisms. In general, the water quality parameters in Jatiluhur Reservoir meet the quality standards. Only ammonia that does not meet the quality standards for sensitive fish life, regarding the massively of aquaculture activity in this reservoir.
Characterization and Polyphasic Identification of Novel Rhizobacteria Strain Isolated from Sand Dunes Ecosystem Ketut Arte Widane; Annisaa Widyasari; Endah Retnaningrum
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 29 No. 1 (2022): BIOTROPIA Vol. 29 No. 1 April 2022
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1584

Abstract

The coastal sand dune ecosystem at the Parangtritis Coast of Yogyakarta, Indonesia has unique characteristics such as low moisture sandy soil, high salinity and low nutrient content. Fimbristylis cymosa is one of the plant species having the capability to survive in that unique ecosystem. In this study, rhizobacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of F. cymosa were isolated to be further analyzed on their phosphate solubilizing and antagonistic properties against Fusarium oxysporum which cause the Wilt disease. The isolates of Phosphate Solubilizing Rhizobacteria (PSR) having the most potential capabilities were then polyphasically identified based on phenotypic and genotypic characters followed by 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that four PSR isolates (I8, I11, I12 and I24) have high phosphate dissolution indices. The highest indices were observed in isolates I11 (3.08) and I12 (3.44), respectively. Analysis of the dual plate experiments for PSR I11 and PSR I12 isolates against the growth of F. oxysporum also showed quite high inhibitory activities, i.e., isolate PSR I11 was 42.40%, while isolate PSR I12 was 42.08%. The two isolates were polyphasically identified as Burkholderia dolosa. This study clearly showed that PSR I11 and PSR I12 isolates are very potential and prospective to be used as marginal land inoculants and as providers of phosphorus. This study also showed that the isolates are useful as biocontrol agents against F. oxysporum in plants. Keywords: inhibitory activity, phosphate dissolution index, phosphorus, polyphasic identification, sandy soil
MOLD DIVERSITY OF WREATHED HORNBILL (Rhyticeros undulatus) NEST IN MOUNT UNGARAN Margareta Rahayuningsih; Yanuar Revandi; Siti Harnina Bintari
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 29 No. 1 (2022): BIOTROPIA Vol. 29 No. 1 April 2022
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1615

Abstract

Wreathed Hornbill (Rhyticeros undulates) is known to build nests in three cavities where they managed to live and breed. This edifice is predicted to contain various molds needed to maintain micro-environmental steadiness. This study was aimed to identify molds diversity in the Wreathed Hornbill’s nest, using samples collected from empty structure with no bird activity. The samples were obtained from the Kalisidi and Nglimut observation stations on two occasions, i.e., in 2016 and 2017. Furthermore, the samples comprised cover soil, wood and inner material, which were collected aseptically and placed in sterile Ziplock plastic bags. These samples were then diluted in sterilized distilled water to attain 10-3 mg/ mL, and subsequently inoculated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Malt Extract Agar (MEA) and Czapek Dox Agar (CDA). The inoculants were incubated at 37 °C, followed by the observation of mold colony after the 11th day. The results identified seven and nine species of molds in the Kalisidi and Nglimut observation stations, respectively. The most abundant species was Penicillium sp. which was found in composted nest materials for the whole observation periods.
GENETIC VARIABILITY OF ARROWROOT (MARANTA ARUNDINACEA L.) IN YOGYAKARTA PROVINCE, INDONESIA BASED ON ISSR ANALYSIS Bernardinus Pratama; Purnomo -; Budi Setiadi Daryono
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 29 No. 1 (2022): BIOTROPIA Vol. 29 No. 1 April 2022
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1623

Abstract

The cultivation of arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) in Indonesia, particularly in Yogyakarta Province has a great potential to be developed. This study aims to determine the genetic variability and analyze the intraspecific relation of arrowroot using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers as basic informations for considerations in the character selection of arrowroot cultivation in Yogyakarta. Exploratory survey method was occured in Gunungkidul, Kulon Progo, Sleman, and Bantul Districts to collect cultivar accessions. Accessions were replanted in Sawitsari Research Station. DNA isolation from the leaves of 7 moths old accessions was done using CTAB buffer solution. The DNA fingerprinting analysis was carried out using the result of DNA amplification with 4 ISSR markers. The polymorphism data then used for phenetic analysis using UPGMA algorithm and Baroni-Urbani Busser similarity coefficient to form dendrogram. Total of 5 local cultivars were found, identified as ‘Sili’, ‘Sembowo’,’ Sugo’, ‘Kebo’, and ‘Teropng’, each showed distinct rhizome morphological characters. The ISSR-PCR analysis resulted high polymorphism with 68,17% polymorphism mean and mean of polymorphic band was 6,75. Dendrogram resulted 4 clusters in 80% similarity index. Cluster A, B.I., and B.II.b consisted of ‘Sili’, ‘Teropong’, and ‘Kebo’ cultivars, respectively, while the cluster B.II.a gathered ‘Sugo’and ‘Sembowo’ cultivars.
INCORPORATION OF SODIUM HYALURONATE AND NYAMPLUNG (Calophylum inophyllum) CAKE EXTRACT TO IMPROVE BIOPLASTIC CHARACTERISTIC : Rini Umiyati; Chusnul Hidayat; Ria Millati; Teguh Ariyanto
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 29 No. 1 (2022): BIOTROPIA Vol. 29 No. 1 April 2022
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1626

Abstract

The cross-linking agent plays an important role in bioplastic mechanical properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of Sodium Hyaluronate (SoHA) as a synthetic cross-linking agent and the addition of Nyamplung Cake Extract (NCE) as an antimicrobial agent in the manufacture of bioplastic with hydroxypropyl starch (HPS) as based ingredient using the thermo-compression method. The novelty of the study was thiocyanate (SCN) formation in zone 3 (2161.66-2162.02/cm) and cyanate (C-N=O) in zone 6 (1,411.57 - 1,412.61/cm) of (1, 2 and 3%) SoHA bioplastic and cyanate formation in zone 6 and 7 (1,411.37 - 1,558.59/cm) of (1, 2 and 3%) SoHA – 20% NCE combined bioplastic originating from acetanilide group in SoHA and amide group in NCE. The formation of SCN and C-N=O in 2 and 3% SoHA bioplastic improved its sensitivity against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) indicated by 0.6 mm and 0.45 mm inhibition zone, respectively. C-N=O formed in (1, 2 and 3%) SoHA – 20% NCE combined with bioplastic had 3.25 mm average inhibition zone against gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus), 2.75 mm against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), and 0.71 mm against fungi (Aspergillus niger). The analysis of mechanical properties showed that an addition of 3% SoHA was able to increase tensile strength and modulus of elasticity while reducing elongation, water solubility and water vapor permeability. Addition of (1, 2 and 3%) SoHA – 20% NCE resulted in a reverse effect.   Keywords: acetanilide, amide, cross-linking agent, cyanate, thiocyanate

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