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COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA People’s Empowerment, Rights, Human Advocacy, and Legal Knowledge Initiative (PERHAKI) Division Editorial Office: Karanganyar 003/001, Pekutan, Mirit, Kab. Kebumen, Jawa Tengah
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INDONESIA
Indonesian Sports Justice Review
Published by COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA
ISSN : -     EISSN : 31646867     DOI : https://doi.org/10.65815
Core Subject :
Indonesian Sports Justice Review (e-ISSN: 3164-6867) is published by COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA, issued four times a year in January, April, July, and October, and was first published in 2024. It is a double anonymous peer-reviewed academic journal focusing on the relationship between sports, law, and justice in Indonesia and related contexts. The journal publishes scholarly works examining legal frameworks, regulations, governance, integrity, fairness, equality, and social justice in the sports sector. It welcomes studies on athletes’ rights, access and participation, discrimination, sports governance, dispute resolution, ethical practices, sports organizations, and the legal and social dimensions of the sports industry. The journal encourages interdisciplinary research connecting sports and law with human rights, social sciences, economics, public policy, and related fields. It publishes original research articles, review articles, case studies, and other scholarly works relevant to its scope. The journal applies an Open Access Policy, providing free and immediate access to published articles. Copyright is retained by the authors, and articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 55 Documents
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Athlete Safeguarding in Indonesian Sport: Reconstructing Legal Protection against Sexual Harassment and Abuse in National Sports Organizations Muhammad Adi Putranto
Indonesian Sports Justice Review Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): January, 2026
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/tmk1dv11

Abstract

Athlete safeguarding has become an increasingly important dimension of sports governance, particularly in relation to sexual harassment, psychological abuse, exploitation, and other forms of misconduct within sporting environments. Athletes may face heightened vulnerability because of hierarchical relationships between athletes, coaches, officials, clubs, and sports federations. This article examines the adequacy of legal protection against sexual harassment and abuse within Indonesian sports organizations. Using a normative juridical approach, the study analyzes Indonesian legislation concerning sports governance, sexual violence, employment, child protection, and human rights, alongside international safeguarding principles. The study identifies a regulatory fragmentation in which responsibilities for preventing, reporting, investigating, and remedying abuse may be distributed across multiple institutions without a sufficiently integrated safeguarding mechanism. Internal disciplinary procedures may also create conflicts of interest when allegations concern individuals holding institutional authority. This article proposes a rights-based safeguarding framework emphasizing independent reporting mechanisms, mandatory institutional duties of prevention, victim-centered investigations, confidentiality, protection against retaliation, and effective remedies. The framework further recognizes the heightened protection required for minors and athletes in dependent contractual relationships. Strengthening safeguarding regulation is essential to transform Indonesian sport into an environment that protects athlete dignity, safety, and fundamental rights while ensuring institutional accountability.
Who Is Liable for Athlete Abuse? Institutional Responsibility for Safeguarding Failures in Indonesian Sports Organizations Satria Wibisana
Indonesian Sports Justice Review Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): January, 2026
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/p38dry85

Abstract

Abuse within sporting institutions is often addressed as individual misconduct, yet athlete vulnerability may also result from institutional failures to prevent, detect, or respond to abusive behavior. Sports organizations may possess significant authority over athletes' careers, training environments, contracts, and opportunities, creating structural power imbalances that can facilitate abuse. This article examines the extent to which Indonesian sports organizations should bear legal responsibility for safeguarding failures resulting in athlete abuse. Employing normative legal research, the study analyzes institutional liability, organizational governance, duty of care, athlete protection, and relevant principles of sports law. The research argues that institutional responsibility should arise where organizations fail to establish reasonable preventive measures, ignore credible complaints, inadequately supervise personnel, or retaliate against reporting athletes. Such responsibility should be distinguished from the individual criminal or disciplinary liability of perpetrators. The article proposes a layered accountability model incorporating individual misconduct, supervisory negligence, governance failure, and organizational responsibility. It further recommends mandatory safeguarding policies, independent complaint mechanisms, documented risk assessments, and transparent disciplinary procedures. Establishing institutional accountability would prevent sports organizations from treating abuse solely as an individual problem and would encourage systemic prevention. Such a framework is necessary to strengthen athlete protection and promote a culture of integrity within Indonesian sports governance.
The Legal Status of Professional Athletes in Indonesia: Rethinking Employment Rights, Contractual Protection, and Collective Representation Muhammad Kurniawan Akbar
Indonesian Sports Justice Review Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): January, 2026
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/je814y41

Abstract

Professional athletes occupy a distinctive position within the sports industry because their relationships with clubs and organizations combine employment, performance, commercial, and regulatory dimensions. Despite the professionalization of Indonesian sport, uncertainty may remain concerning the extent to which athletes are protected as workers and contractual parties. This article examines the legal status of professional athletes in Indonesia, focusing on employment rights, contractual protection, social security, and collective representation. Using normative juridical research, the study analyzes sports legislation, labor law, contractual principles, and international approaches to athlete employment. The study identifies potential gaps between the commercial expectations imposed upon professional athletes and the legal protections available to them. In particular, contractual arrangements may provide clubs with extensive control over athlete performance and career conditions while offering limited mechanisms for collective representation and bargaining. The article argues that professional athletes should receive meaningful labor and contractual protection without disregarding the distinctive characteristics of professional sport. A hybrid regulatory framework is proposed, combining labor protections with sport-specific contractual standards concerning remuneration, termination, injury, insurance, dispute resolution, and representation. Recognizing athletes as rights-bearing participants in the sports labor market would strengthen legal certainty and promote greater fairness in Indonesian professional sport.
Unilateral Termination of Athlete Contracts: A Legal Analysis of Club Liability and Athlete Protection in Indonesian Professional Sport Sulaiman Sulaiman
Indonesian Sports Justice Review Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): January, 2026
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/7cdxv223

Abstract

Athlete contracts are central to professional sports, yet disputes frequently arise when clubs terminate contracts unilaterally before their agreed expiration. Such termination may leave athletes without income, career opportunities, insurance coverage, or adequate compensation, particularly where bargaining power is unequal. This article examines the legal consequences of unilateral termination of professional athlete contracts in Indonesia. Employing a normative juridical approach, the study analyzes contractual principles, employment law, sports regulations, and dispute resolution mechanisms. The research argues that the distinctive economic and career characteristics of professional athletes require a more specific framework for evaluating contractual termination. Conventional contractual principles may be insufficient where clubs exercise disproportionate bargaining power or rely upon vaguely defined performance clauses. The article proposes minimum contractual safeguards requiring clearly defined grounds for termination, procedural notice, opportunities for athletes to respond, compensation standards, and accessible dispute resolution. Particular attention is given to termination following injury, declining performance, disciplinary allegations, or organizational restructuring. A balanced approach should protect clubs' legitimate sporting interests while preventing arbitrary termination and ensuring respect for athletes' economic rights. Establishing clearer standards would improve contractual certainty and strengthen the position of professional athletes within Indonesia's developing sports industry.
Athlete Image Rights in the Digital Era: Legal Protection against Unauthorized Commercial Use in Indonesian Sport Erika Handoyo Kusumaningtyas
Indonesian Sports Justice Review Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): January, 2026
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/a2edaw56

Abstract

The commercialization of athletes' identities has expanded significantly through social media, digital advertising, sponsorship, merchandise, and sports broadcasting. An athlete's name, likeness, photograph, voice, and personal identity may generate substantial economic value, yet unauthorized commercial exploitation can occur without adequate legal protection or compensation. This article examines the protection of athlete image rights in Indonesia, particularly in the context of digital commercialization. Using normative legal research, the study analyzes personality rights, intellectual property, privacy, contractual principles, and sports-specific commercial arrangements. The research identifies a fragmented legal framework in which athlete image rights may overlap with copyright, trademark, privacy, publicity, and contractual rights without being comprehensively recognized as an independent sports-related interest. This uncertainty may disadvantage athletes when clubs, sponsors, broadcasters, or digital platforms exploit their identities beyond the scope of contractual authorization. The article proposes a clearer contractual and regulatory framework establishing consent, permitted uses, duration, territorial scope, compensation, and post-contract restrictions regarding athlete image exploitation. Such protection should distinguish between legitimate team-related commercial use and independent commercial exploitation. Strengthening athlete image rights would provide greater economic autonomy to athletes while creating legal certainty for clubs, sponsors, and other stakeholders in Indonesia's digital sports industry.
Social Media, Athlete Speech, and Disciplinary Sanctions: Balancing Freedom of Expression and Sports Governance in Indonesia Zainal Ahmadi
Indonesian Sports Justice Review Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): April, 2026
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/15tgfg54

Abstract

Social media has transformed the relationship between athletes, sports organizations, fans, sponsors, and the public. Athletes increasingly use digital platforms to express opinions on sporting issues, institutional decisions, social matters, and personal experiences. However, sports organizations may impose disciplinary sanctions when athletes' online statements are considered damaging to institutional reputation or contrary to internal regulations. This article examines the legal limits of disciplinary sanctions imposed on athletes for social media expression in Indonesia. Using normative juridical research, the study analyzes freedom of expression, contractual obligations, sports disciplinary rules, and proportionality principles. The study argues that athletes do not lose their fundamental rights to expression merely because they participate in professional sport. Nevertheless, legitimate restrictions may apply where expression involves threats, discrimination, confidential information, or serious contractual violations. The central legal issue is therefore determining whether disciplinary restrictions are necessary, proportionate, and clearly established in advance. The article proposes a proportionality-based framework requiring clear rules, individualized assessment, procedural fairness, and meaningful appeal mechanisms. Such a framework would prevent disciplinary authority from becoming an instrument for suppressing legitimate criticism while preserving the legitimate governance interests of sports organizations. Balancing athlete expression and institutional integrity is essential for rights-based sports governance in Indonesia.
The Right to Due Process in Sports Disciplinary Proceedings: Evaluating Procedural Fairness in Indonesian Sports Organizations Bimo Santoso
Indonesian Sports Justice Review Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): April, 2026
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/evv8dc29

Abstract

Sports organizations exercise disciplinary authority over athletes, coaches, officials, and clubs, often determining sanctions that may have significant professional and financial consequences. Despite the importance of such decisions, internal disciplinary procedures may lack sufficient guarantees of independence, transparency, and procedural fairness. This article examines the application of due process principles in disciplinary proceedings conducted by Indonesian sports organizations. Employing normative juridical research, the study analyzes sports regulations, administrative justice principles, natural justice, and international standards of fair procedure. The research identifies several potential concerns, including conflicts of interest, inadequate notice of allegations, limited access to evidence, lack of independent adjudicators, and insufficient appeal mechanisms. The article argues that sports disciplinary authority should be constrained by minimum procedural guarantees regardless of whether proceedings occur within private sporting organizations. A sports-specific due process framework is proposed, incorporating prior notice, impartial decision-makers, the right to respond, access to relevant evidence, reasoned decisions, proportional sanctions, and independent appeal mechanisms. These safeguards would not prevent sports organizations from maintaining discipline but would enhance the legitimacy and credibility of disciplinary decisions. Strengthening procedural justice is essential to ensure that athlete governance remains compatible with fundamental legal principles and does not permit institutional authority to operate without meaningful accountability.
Sports Arbitration in Indonesia: Reconstructing an Independent Dispute Resolution Mechanism for Athlete–Club Conflicts Raden Ahmad Adhi Hanafi
Indonesian Sports Justice Review Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): April, 2026
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/7f3n1t45

Abstract

Disputes between professional athletes and sports clubs may involve contractual termination, unpaid remuneration, disciplinary sanctions, injuries, image rights, and other employment-related issues. Conventional litigation may be costly, time-consuming, and insufficiently responsive to the specialized characteristics of sports disputes. This article examines the feasibility of developing an independent sports arbitration mechanism in Indonesia for resolving athlete–club conflicts. Using normative juridical research, the study analyzes arbitration law, sports governance structures, athlete contracts, and international models of sports dispute resolution. The study identifies institutional challenges arising from the absence of a sufficiently independent and specialized mechanism capable of resolving disputes efficiently while protecting athletes from unequal bargaining power. The article proposes an Indonesian sports arbitration framework incorporating independent arbitrators, transparent appointment procedures, accessible proceedings, athlete representation, enforceable decisions, and appropriate emergency measures. Particular attention is given to the independence of the adjudicatory body from national federations and clubs, which is essential to prevent conflicts of interest. The proposed mechanism should also preserve athletes' access to ordinary courts where fundamental rights or non-arbitrable matters are involved. An independent sports arbitration institution could enhance legal certainty, reduce procedural delays, and provide a more credible justice mechanism for Indonesia's professional sports sector.
Doping Sanctions and Athlete Rights: Reconciling Strict Liability with Procedural Justice in Indonesian Anti-Doping Law Ekky Prastiawan
Indonesian Sports Justice Review Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): April, 2026
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/ds5qk460

Abstract

The strict liability principle is fundamental to anti-doping regulation because athletes may be held responsible for prohibited substances detected in their samples regardless of intent. While this principle promotes sporting integrity, its application may generate significant concerns regarding fairness, particularly where contamination, inadvertent ingestion, medical treatment, or inadequate information contributes to an anti-doping violation. This article examines the compatibility of strict liability with procedural justice and athlete rights within Indonesia's anti-doping framework. Using normative legal research, the study analyzes anti-doping rules, principles of natural justice, proportionality, evidentiary standards, and athletes' procedural rights. The study argues that strict liability need not be abandoned to ensure fairness, but its consequences should be accompanied by robust procedural safeguards and proportionate sanctions. Athletes should have meaningful opportunities to challenge findings, access relevant laboratory and evidentiary information, present mitigating circumstances, and obtain independent review. The article proposes a rights-sensitive model combining strict liability for the prohibited substance itself with differentiated sanctions based on fault, degree of negligence, harm, and applicable mitigating circumstances. Such an approach can preserve the integrity of competitive sport while avoiding disproportionate consequences for athletes who lack meaningful culpability. Recalibrating anti-doping enforcement around procedural justice would strengthen both legitimacy and athlete confidence in Indonesian sports governance.
The Legal Protection of Athletes against Forced Participation: Consent, Contractual Power, and Institutional Authority in Indonesian Sport Bunga Restu Saputri
Indonesian Sports Justice Review Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): April, 2026
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/yar45f27

Abstract

Athletes may experience pressure to participate in competitions despite physical injury, psychological distress, inadequate recovery, or personal objections. Such pressure may originate from coaches, clubs, federations, sponsors, or contractual obligations and may create serious concerns regarding bodily autonomy and athlete welfare. This article examines the legal protection of Indonesian athletes against forced participation in sporting activities. Employing a normative juridical approach, the study analyzes consent, contractual power, duty of care, occupational safety, and sports governance principles. The research argues that contractual obligations cannot automatically justify compelling an athlete to undertake activities that create unreasonable risks to physical or psychological well-being. Athlete consent should remain meaningful and should not be undermined by threats of financial penalties, selection exclusion, contract termination, or career-related retaliation. The article proposes a regulatory framework establishing minimum standards for medical clearance, injury disclosure, refusal rights, independent medical assessment, and protection against retaliation. The framework should also distinguish legitimate performance expectations from coercive conduct. Recognizing athletes' bodily autonomy would strengthen the legal foundation of athlete welfare and limit excessive institutional control. A rights-based approach to participation would ensure that competitive objectives do not override fundamental protections for health, dignity, and personal autonomy in Indonesian sport.

Page 5 of 6 | Total Record : 55

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