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INDONESIA
AL KAUNIYAH
ISSN : 19783736     EISSN : 25026720     DOI : 10.15408/kauniyah
Core Subject : Science,
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi (p-ISSN: 1978-3736, e-ISSN: 2502-6720) is an Open Access Journal published by Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta, and established since 2007. Since 2016 Al-Kauniyah has established a collaboration with the Association of Lecturer in Biology and Biology Education throughout the State Islamic Higher University (PTKIN) in Indonesia. Until 2015, Al-Kauniyah covered environmental biology solely, but since 2016 the journal has been extended to cover the entire field of biological science (bioscience). By publishing biannually, on April and October, Al-Kauniyah is intended to communicate original researches and current issues on the subject of biology. Since volume 9 issue 1 April 2016, Al-Kauniyah had been changes the layout. This journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines. Manuscripts can be submitted to AL-KAUNIYAH
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Articles 460 Documents
Pengaruh Pemberian Campuran Pakan dan Perbedaan Rasio Seks pada Pertumbuhan dan Tingkat Reproduksi Jangkrik Ciriling (Grillus mitratus Burm.) Ida Kinasih; Astuti Kusumorini; Tri Cahyanto; Nurmina Arofah
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 6, No 1 (2013): Al-Kauniyah Jurnal Biologi
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (330.156 KB) | DOI: 10.15408/al-kauniyah.v6i1.2831

Abstract

Cricket is commonly use as feedstuf for fishes and birds. However, most of market demand for this insect fulfilled by natural harvest. Since they could be an alternative nonconventional protein source for livestock industry, it is needed to develop methods for high cricket biomass production such as find their suitable food plants. During this research, Ciriling cricket (Grillus mitratus Burm.) was fed with various plants and mated with different sex ratio. Pakchoi (Brassica sinensis L.), papaya (Carica papaya L.), and carrot (Daucus carota L.) was combined with common commercial fed of cricket. Changes in food consumption, nymph mortality, body size, egg production, and egg hatching rates were measured in order to find best fed combination and sex ratio. The result showed that combination of standard fed with pakchoi preferred by cricket and produced best growth, highest egg production and egg hatching rates while ratio sex of  1:3 (male:female) produced highest number of eggs and best egg hatching rates.
PROTALIUM ASSOCIATION WITH VARIOUS EPIPHYTE GROUPS IN THREE TYPES OF HOST TREE Agung Sedayu; Rosa Maulivia; Hilda Shavina; Nurlaelatul Hilaliah; Muhammad Fadhil Haritsah; Rizhal Hendi Ristanto
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 12, No 2 (2019): Al-Kauniyah Jurnal Biologi
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (230.251 KB) | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.9523

Abstract

AbstrakSalah satu kelompok epifit vaskular penting adalah paku-pakuan dengan fase awal pertumbuhannya disebut sebagai protalium. Tumbuhnya protalium di suatu lokasi menjadi penentu bahwa lokasi tersebut potensial ditumbuhi paku-pakuan dewasa. Asosiasi antara protalium dengan tumbuhan lainnya mungkin bermanfaat untuk menentukan potensi satu jenis inang sebagai tempat hidup dari banyak jenis tumbuhan epifit. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan studi asosiasi antara protalium dengan paku dewasa, lumut, liken dan epifit spermatofita pada tiga jenis pohon inang, yaitu Archontophoenix alexandrae, Bichofia javanica dan Dacrycarpus imbricatus. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Purposive Sampling untuk menentukan tiga jenis pohon inang dengan besar masing-masing diameter pohon (DBH) adalah 30–100 cm. Pengambilan sampel protalium dan epifit vaskular lain diambil pada masing-masing zonasi menggunakan milimeter block. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat lima kombinasi, yaitu protalium dengan paku, lumut dengan epifit spermatofita, protalium dengan epifit spermatofita, protalium dengan lumut dan paku dengan lumut. Asosiasi positif dengan nilai tertinggi adalah 23,12, dua kombinasi yang memiliki asosiasi negatif ialah liken dengan lumut dan antara epifit spermatofita dengan liken, dan tiga kombinasi yang tidak berasosiasi ialah protalium dengan liken, paku dengan liken, dan paku dengan epifit spermatofita. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa protalium berbagi karakter habitatnya dengan tiga kelompok tersebut dan tidak dengan kelompok lainnya. Penelitian ini sangat berguna untuk mengetahui jenis pohon dan karakteristik lingkungan yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan protalium.Abstract One of important epiphyte vascular groups is ferns which the beginning phase of their growth is called protalium. Protalium’s growth in one location becomes indicator that the location has a potential to be grown by mature ferns. Association between protalium and other plants may become beneficial to determine the potential of a host species as the host of many epiphytes. Therefore, research about association between protalium and mature ferns, mosses, lichens, spermatophyte epiphyte also was conducted on three species of host tree there are Archontophoenix alexandrae, Bichofia javanica and Dacrycarpus imbricatus. Purposive sampling method was used in this research to determine three types of host trees with the size of 30–100 cm for each tree diametre. Sampling of protalium and other vascular epiphytes was taken in each zonasing using milimeter block. The research showed there are five combinations, protalium with ferns, mosses with spermatophyte epiphytes, protalium with spermatophyte epiphytes, protalium with mosses and fern with mosses. Positive association with the highest value is 23.12, two combinations with negative association are lichen with mosses and spermatophyte epiphyte with lichens, three combinations that aren’t associated, protalium with lichens, ferns with lichens and ferns with spermatophyte epiphyte. It showed that protalium shares its habitat character with those three groups, not with other group. This study has valuable benefits of knowing tree species and enviromental characteristic that are suitable for protalium growth.
Pengujian Toksisitas Akut Oral Dan Dermal pada Biolarvasida Metarhizium anisopliae terhadap Tikus Putih Spraque Dawley Deni Zulfiana
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 7, No 1 (2014): Al-Kauniyah Jurnal Biologi
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (219.251 KB) | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v7i1.2706

Abstract

Acute oral and dermal toxicity test against white rats was conducted to determine the toxicity and side effects of bio-larvacide (Metarhizium anisopliae crude extract) on humans. In the oral test used a maximum dose 5000 mg/kg and dermal testing used a maximum dose of 2000 mg/kg. Dose treatment and control tested to 5 Spraque Dawley male rats. The results showed that oral treatment with a dose of 5000 mg/kg did not cause mortality and did not cause changes in anatomic pathology of viceral organs. In the dermal treatment with a dose of 2000 mg/kg did not cause mortality and did not cause changes in anatomic pathology of viceral organs. Based on these results LD50 acute oral M. anisopliae biolarvacide above 5000 mg/kg and the acute dermal is above 2000 mg/kg. It was therefore concluded that the formulation of Metarhizium anisopliae biolarvasida classified as not hazardous when used in accordance with the recommendation of the class I (WHO, 2003).
UJI TOKSISITAS DAN IDENTIFIKASI FITOKIMIA EKSTRAK BUAH DAN BATANG RIMBANG (Solanum torvum Swartz) Muhammad Alfarabi; Gupita Widyadhari
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 11, No 2 (2018): Al-Kauniyah Jurnal Biologi
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (814.686 KB) | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v11i2.6360

Abstract

AbstrakIndonesia memiliki banyak tumbuhan yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber pangan dan obat, salah satunya adalah rimbang (Solanum torvum Swartz). Rimbang telah dikenal luas sebagai sayuran yang buahnya dapat dimakan secara mentah dan dapat digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional. Namun demikian, tidak banyak kajian ilmiah mengenai efek toksik beserta senyawa yang terkandung pada buah dan batang rimbang, sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan informasi efek toksisitas dari ekstrak buah dan batang rimbang serta senyawa yang terkandung di dalamnya. Metode yang digunakan untuk menguji toksisitas adalah Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) dan deteksi senyawa menggunakan uji fitokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak buah dan batang rimbang memiliki efek toksisitas. Nilai LC50 ekstrak buah rimbang sebesar 248 ppm, sedangkan nilai LC50 ekstrak batang rimbang sebesar 129 ppm. Ekstrak buah rimbang mengandung senyawa alkaloid dan tanin, sedangkan hasil uji fitokimia terhadap batang rimbang mengandung alkaloid, saponin, dan tanin. Kedua ekstrak tersebut memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi salah satu sumber fitofarmaka antikanker.Abstract Many plants in Indonesia are used as food and medicine, such as rimbang (Solanum torvum Swartz). This plant has been widely known as a vegetable which the fruit consumed in raw and also useful in traditional medicine. However, scientific studies on the toxic effects and compounds contained in its fruit and stem have not been widely carried out, so the aim of this study is to provide information on the toxicity effects of them and their compounds. The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) was used to determine the toxicity effect of the extracts, while the compounds in these extracts were detected by using phytochemical assay. The results showed that those extracts have toxicity effects. The LC50 of the fruit extract was 248 ppm while the stem extract was 129 ppm. The fruit extract contained alkaloid and tannin, while the stem extract contained alkaloid, saponin, and tannin. Both extracts have potential to be a resource of anticancer phytopharmaca.
PERBANDINGAN KEANEKARAGAMAN HYMENOPTERA PARASITOID PADA AGROEKOSISTEM KEDELAI DENGAN APLIKASI DAN TANPA APLIKASI INSEKTISIDA Hendrival Hendrival; Abdul Khalid
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 10, No 1 (2017): Al-Kauniyah Jurnal Biologi
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (137.567 KB) | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v10i1.4899

Abstract

Abstrak Sistem pengelolaan tanaman kedelai dengan penggunaan insektisida sintetik yang intensif akan menurunkan keanekaragaman jenis Hymenoptera parasitoid. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memban-dingkan keanekaragaman Hymenoptera parasitoid pada agroekosistem kedelai dengan dan tanpa aplikasi insektisida sintetik. Pengumpulan data serangga menggunakan perangkap dari jaring serangga dan nampan kuning. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indeks keanekaragaman jenis pada fase pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif kedelai dengan aplikasi insektisida lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan yang tanpa aplikasi insektisida, yang keduanya tergolong sedang. Indeks kemerataan jenis pada fase pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif dari kedua agroekosistem kedelai tergolong tinggi. Indeks kekayaan jenis pada fase vegetatif dari agroekosistem kedelai dengan aplikasi insektisida tergolong rendah (0<2,3955≤2,5), sedangkan pada fase generatif tergolong sedang (0<3,6118≤4). Indeks kekayaan jenis pada fase vegetatif (0<2,6229≤4) dan generatif (0<3,8287≤4) dari agroekosistem kedelai tanpa aplikasi insektisida tergolong sedang. Komunitas Hymenoptera parasitoid pada agroekosistem kedelai tanpa aplikasi insektisida memiliki kemiripan lebih rendah daripada yang dengan aplikasi insektisida. Aplikasi insektisida mempengaruhi indeks kekayaan jenis pada fase generatif dan kemiripan komunitasnya, yaitu nilainya lebih rendah daripada yang tanpa insektisida. Abstract The management system of soybean agroecosystem with an intensive use of synthetic insecticides will reduce the diversity of parasitoid Hymenoptera species. The study aimed to compare the diversity of the parasitoids in soybean agroecosystem with and without insecticide application. The collection of the parasitoid used insect net and yellow tray. The results showed that the diversity index of the parasitoids during vegetative and generative growth of the soybean with the insecticide application was lower than the one without the insecticide application, which both were classified as moderate. The evenness indices during vegetative and generative growth were high. The richness index in vegetative phase with insecticide application was classified as low (0<2.3955≤2.5), while in the generative phase was classified as moderate (0<3.6118≤4). The richness index on the vegetative (0<2.6229≤4) and generative (0<3.8287≤4) from the agroecosystem soybean without insecticide application were classified as moderate. The similarity without insecticide application was lower than the one with insecticide application. The application of insecticide affects the species richness index (in the generative phase) and the similarity, that the value is lower than the one without insecticide.
Kajian Pembuatan Xilitol dari Tongkol Jagung Melalui Proses Fermentasi Sirin Fairus; Ronny Kurniawan; Ridho Taufana; Adhytia Setya Nugraha
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 6, No 2 (2013): Al-Kauniyah Jurnal Biologi
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (303.595 KB) | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v6i2.2750

Abstract

One of the substitute for sucrose is xylitol. Xylitol is a sweetener that has excellent properties for food development and pharmaceutical products. Xylitol can be obtained from the hydrolysis of xylan into xylose, and then converted into xylitol with fermentation by using Candida tropicalis yeast. Corn cob as agricultural waste is one important source of xylose because xylan  content in range of 12.4 to 31.94%. The success of the fermentation reaction is influenced by several operating parameters, such as raw material type, the type of yeast used, the ratio of raw materials for fermentation reactions, temperature, pH conditions, and time. Xylitol production in this research was conducted through several stages such as pretreatment of raw material, hydrolysis, xylose treatment, and fermentation. Corn cobs were used as raw material for source of xylan. The variables of fermentation were time and temperature i.e 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours and 30, 34, and 37oC respectively. This research revealed that the optimum condition applied at 30oC and 48 hours with yield 0.558 g xylitol/g xylose.  It showed  that  the effective growth of Candida tropicalis occur at 30oC and 48 hours.
COVER AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI VOL. 12 NO. 1 April 2019 April, Cover
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 12, No 1 (2019): Al-Kauniyah Jurnal Biologi
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (994.519 KB) | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v12i1.11199

Abstract

Aplikasi Effective Microorganism 10 (Em10) untuk Pertumbuhan Ikan Lele Sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus var. Sangkuriang) di Kolam Budidaya Lele Jombang, Tangerang Elpawati Elpawati; Dianna Rossyta Pratiwi; Nani Radiastuti
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 8, No 1 (2015): Al-Kauniyah Jurnal Biologi
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (382.233 KB) | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v8i1.2699

Abstract

The catfish is a fish that is widely cultivated and consumed in Indonesia. The Catfish growth depand on by the availability of food and water quality. EM4 and EM10 are an example of liquid biofertilizer. The addition of EM4 in the fish pond can help the growth of the fish and maintain of the water quality. While the test of EM10 has not been done on fishery fields. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of EM10 fertilizers on of sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus Var. sangkuriang) growth and water quality. This research was conducted in February-March 2014. Research using completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments tested were control (A), EM4 10 ml (B), EM4 20 ml (C), EM4 30 ml (D), EM10 10 ml (E), EM10 20 ml (F), and EM10 30 ml (G ). Analysis of data were using ANOVA followed by Duncan test if there is a real effect (ᾱ = 0.05). EM10 fertilizers at concentration of 20 ml could affect to the specific growth rate on catfish in 7 days maintenance, the concentration of 10 ml at 14 days of villa maintenance and the concentration of 30 ml at 28 days of maintenance. EM10 fertilizers can affect the weight growth of catfish. Fertilizer EM10 can maintain the temperature of the water.
OPTIMASI FERMENTASI ASAM LAKTAT OLEH Lactobacillus casei PADA MEDIA FERMENTASI YANG DISUBTITUSI TEPUNG KULIT PISANG Fafa Nurdyansyah; Umar Hafidz Asyari Hasbullah
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 11, No 1 (2018): Al-Kauniyah Jurnal Biologi
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (581.969 KB) | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v11i1.6166

Abstract

Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kondisi optimum fermentasi asam laktat pada beberapa perbandingan konsentrasi substrat dan inokulum yang berasal dari pemanfaatan limbah kulit pisang sebagai subtrat dan Lactobacillus casei sebagai inokulum. Optimasi dilakukan dengan rancangan percobaan menggunakan Central Composite Design (CCD) dengan penentuan titik optimum variabel menggunakan Respon Surface Methodolgy (RSM). Tiga belas satuan percobaan, yaitu konsentrasi substrat (X1: 2,5; 5; 7,5% b/v) dan inokulum (X2: 2, 4, 6% v/v), digunakan untuk menentukan titik optimum proses fermentasi. Fermentasi dilakukan dengan sistem tumpak dengan volume media 100 mL dalam fermentor berupa labu Erlenmeyer 250 mL. Kultur diinkubasi pada goyangan 150 rpm dan suhu 37 °C, selama 72 jam. Selanjutnya, asam laktat hasil analisis digunakan sebagai respon penentuan titik optimum variabel proses fermentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen proses penepungan kulit pisang yang dihasilkan adalah 23,02% dengan karakteristik kimia memiliki kadar pati, gulatotal, asam total, dan serat kasar secara berturut-turut adalah 5,35; 1,36; 0,61; dan 1,54 % (b/b). Titik optimum konsentrasi substrat dan inokulum, yaitu 4,71% dan 6,61%, menghasilkan konsentrasi biomassa yang optimum sebesar 5,99 g/L, sedangkan titik optimum variabel X1 dan X2 dengan konsentrasi substrat dan inokulum sebesar 4,31% dan 4,64% menghasilkan nilai optimum konsentrasi asam laktat sebesar 7,06 g/L, yang merupakan hasil produksi asam laktat terbaik pada penelitian ini.   Abstract The objective of this study is to determine the optimum condition of lactic acid fermentation with various concentrations of substrate and inoculum, which derived from the utilization of banana peel waste as substrate and Lactobacillus casei as inoculum. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used in this study. Variable optimization was conducted by Central Composite Design (CDC) with RSM to determine the optimum point of lactic acid fermentation variable. Those step used 13 groups with independent variable in the form of substrate concentrations (X1:2.5; 5; 7.5% w/v) and inoculum concentrations (X2: 2, 4, 6% v/v) to decide the optimum point of variable in the fermentation process. Fermentation was performed in a batch system with 100 mL media in a fermenter of 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask. The culture was incubated at 150 rpm and 37 °C for 72 hours.The result of lactic acid was used to determine the optimum point of variable in fermentation. The results showed that the yield from the fluor making process of banana peel was 23.02% with chemical characteristics of starch content, total sugar, total acid, and crude fiber were 5.35; 1.36; 0.61; and 1.54% w/w, respectively. The optimum concentration of substrate and inoculum concentration, 4.71% and 6.61%, resulted in optimum biomass concentration of 5.99 g/L, while the optimum point of X1 and X2 variables with substrate and inoculum concentration of 4.31% and 4.64% yielded optimum lactate acid concentration of 7.06 g/L, which is the best production of lactic acid in this study. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v11i1. 6166  
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKTRAK DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura) TERHADAP LALAT BUAH Bactrocera carambolae;THE INFLUENCE TO GIVING LEAF EXTRACT KERSEN (Muntingia calabura) AGAINST FRUIT FLIES Bactrocera carambolae Putri, Diah Asta
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 9, No 2 (2016): Al-Kauniyah Jurnal Biologi
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (83.151 KB) | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v9i2.3924

Abstract

AbstrakLalat buah telah diketahui secara luas sebagai hama utama pada komoditas buah di Indonesia sehingga menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang besar. Daun kersen (Muntingia calabura) telah diteliti mengandung beberapa senyawa yang berpotensi untuk mengendalikan serangan lalat buah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun kersen terhadap Bactrocera carambolae, salah satu jenis lalat buah yang menyerang berbagai buah-buahan sebagai inangnya. Ekstrak etanol daun kersen dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda yaitu 0%, 2,5%, 5% dan 7,5% disemprotkan ke permukaan buah jambu biji (Psidium guajava) dan diamati pengaruhnya terhadap lalat buah tersebut. Parameter dalam penelitian ini yaitu jumlah pupa dan jumlah lalat dewasa. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji analisis varians (uji F) α = 0,05 dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak yang diuji maka semakin kuat pengaruhnya pada penurunan jumlah pupa dan lalat dewasa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini maka ekstrak etanol daun kersen diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatif untuk pestisida sintetis.Abstract Fruit flies are known as major fruit pest in Indonesia that cause economic losses. Muntingia calabura leaves has been observed to contain compounds that can potentially control the fruit fly. This research aimed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of M. calabura leaves againts Bactrocera carambolae, one of fruit flies which has wide range host. Ethanolic extract of M. calabura leaves with different concentrations of 0%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% that sprayed onto the surface of guava (Psidium guajava) and observed their effect on the fruit fly. Parameters observed are the number of pupae and the number of adult flies. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (F test) α = 0.05 followed by Least Significant Difference (LSD). Results showed that the higher the concentration of extract tested, the stronger its effect on the number of pupae and adult flies. This research suggests that ethanolic extract of M. calabura leaves could perhaps be good alternatives to synthetic pesticides.  

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