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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 01261312     EISSN : 23563931     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202101
Core Subject : Science,
Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience
Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,170 Documents
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Polymorphisms of organic cation transporter 1 and the drugs response Perwitasari, Dyah Aryani
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 43, No 02 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Polymorphisms of proteins which have an important role in drug transport, metabolism, and disposition in the bodycould affect the drugs efficacy and toxicity. The organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1), encoded by SLC22A1 gene,has been known as one of the polyspecific protein transporters which could affect some of the cationic drugresponse such as metformin, levodopa and imatinib. However, the findings of many studies an association of OCT1polymorphisms and drug response both in Caucasian and Asian were still inconsistent. Moreover, this study’s topicin Asians was still uncommon. This review was aimed to explore the polymorphisms of OCT 1 in Asians and Caucasiansand to find the challenges of the next studies in Asians. The articles about OCT1 polymorphisms were searched inthe PubMed with the keywords; OCT1 or SLC22A1, polymorphisms. There were ten articles of OCT1 polymorphismswhich are related to the drug response and most of the studies were performed in Caucasian subjects. In Caucasians,the rs622342 variant might associated with the response of metformin and levodopa. Moreover, the R61C and420del variants still showed the inconsistent findings associated with metformin response. The non-synonymousvariants which were found in Caucasians were not found in Asian. However, the new non-synonymous variantswere found in Japanese, Chinese, Indian and Korean population and some of them were associated with the metforminresponse. The recent findings found in Caucasians cancer patients, were related to the association of non-synonymousvariants haplotype and the 5-Hydroxytriptamine Receptor Antagonists drug response. The inconsistent results ofOCT1 polymorphisms studies could be related to the study’s sample size and design of the studies. Further studieswhich exploring the association of OCT1 polymorphisms and drug pharmacokinetic profiles and/or drug response,which were adjusted by genetic variants of proteins involved in drug tansport, metabolism and disposition are stillneeded in both Caucasians and Asians. Additional large studies also considering non-genetic risk factors are warranted,to implement the results of the various studies into clinical practice.Key words: OCT1- polymorphisms – Asians – Caucasians - drug response
Plasma iron, zinc, and copper levels in heart disease patients in Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta ASM Sofro, Pramudji Hastuti, Lukman Endro HAH Asdie, Tri Hartati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 42, No 01 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Heart disease is a major cause of death in both men and women in industrialized countries. In fact, many individuals,who develop heart disease, have normal cholesterol and blood pressure levels. It suggests that other risk factorsmay also play a role. Iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) may promote CHD by increasing lipid peroxidation andcausing oxidant-induced damage in various organs. These minerals are essential as cofactors for functional enzymesin the body. The hypothesis that Fe and Cu depletion protects against ischemic heart disease has generated significantdebate, but this hypothesis cannot be rejected until stronger evidence that high Fe stores increase the incidence ofCHD or death from myocardial infarction is proven. This research was aimed to find out the levels of Fe, Cu, and Znplasma as risk factors for heart disease patients, compared with those in hyperlipidemic patients and controls. Inthis study, we examined the Fe, Zn and Cu levels in plasma of CHD patients, hyperlipidemic patients, and healthycontrols by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Thirty five CHD patients, 31 hyperlipidemic patients, and 26healthy controls. Age, body weight, body height, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure of each group were notsignificantly different (p>0.05). There were higher cholesterol and lower HDL-C levels in CHD patients comparedwith those in hyperlipidemic patients and controls. Therewere significantly higher triglyceridemia level in hyperlipidemicpatients compared to those in CHD patients and controls. Iron level in CHD patients were not significantly differentthan those in hyperlipidemic patients and controls. Zinc level in CHD patientswere not significantly different comparedwith those in controls, but in hyperlipidemic patients, they were significantly lower than those in CHD patients andcontrols. Copper level in CHD and hyperlipidemic patients were significantly lower than those in controls. In thisresearch, it could be concluded that the decrease in Cu level might be one of the risk factors of CHD.Keywords : iron-zinc-copper-heart disease-risk factor
Distal embolization durante percutaneous coronary intervention: a case report Betty Dwi Lestari, Budi Yuli Setianto
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 43, No 01 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Distal embolization is an acute complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Distal embolization ofplaque and thrombus material is considered as a major cause of insufficient reperfusion despite a fully patent infarctrelatedartery, apart from ischemic microvascular damage and reperfusion-induced regional inflammatory responses.In a recent study, angiographic evidence of distal embolization was associated with an 8-fold increase in 5-yearmortality.We reported on our experience with distal embolization durante PCI which lead the patient developed STElevationMyocardial Infarct (STEMI) inferior and posterior accompanied with severe chest pain and was treated inthe Intesive Coronary Care Unit (ICCU). Distal embolization is the case that we should be put into our awarenessbecause it can worse the after procedural outcome.Key words: distal embolization-percutaneous coronary intervention-insufficient reperfusion- myocardial ischemiaangiographic
The difference of Natural Killer cell activities of the people live in the aircraft noise area of Adi Soemarmo Airport Boyolali, Surakarta, Indonesia Hartono, Hartono
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 43, No 01 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Exposure to noises contributes to a health risk. There is sufficient scientific evidence that noise exposure couldinduce hearing impairment, hypertension and ischemic heart disease, annoyance, sleep disturbances, and decreasedschool performance. Other evidence as changes in the immune system and birth defects is limited. The aims of thisstudy is to find out the difference of Natural Killer (NK) cell activities of the people live in the aircraft noise area ofAdi Sumarmo Airport, Boyolali, Surakarta, Indonesia. The research design was an analytical with a cross sectionalapproach, taking location at the Dibal and Gagak Sipat Villages, Ngemplak Sub district, Boyolali District. The studywas conducted from June 2008 to June 2009. The number of subjects involved was 39. They were divided into 3groups. Group 1 was exposed to 52.17 dB of noise level (13 respondents). Group 2 was exposed to 71.79 dB ofnoise level (13 respondents), and Group 3was exposed to 92.29 dB of noise level (13 respondents). The cytotoxicitiesof NK cells was measured by flowcytometric and using a non-radioactive method. The samples were taken using asimple random sampling. The data were analyzed by Anova followed by Post Hoc Test using LSD test completedwith Homogenous Subsets. The results showed that the activity of NK cells of Group 1, 2 and 3 were 12.50 +3.25%,17.20 3.06%, and 22.33 6.30 %, respectively. The Anova test showed that there was a significantdifference of NK cell activities, in the groups of respondents (p =0.000). In conclusion, there was a significantdifference of the NK cell activities of the people live in the aircraft noise area of Adi Sumarmo Airport, Boyolali,Surakarta, Indonesia.Key words : noise-immune system-flowcytometric-blood mononuclear cells-health risk
Cytotoxic selectivity of MJC0.3 and MJC0.5, acidic ribosome-inactivating proteins isolated from Mirabilis jalapa L. leaves against various cancer cell-lines Retno S. Sudibyo, Sismindari Mae Sri Hartati, Adhyatmika
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 42, No 01 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Mirabilis jalapa L. contains basic (MJ30) and acidic (MJC) Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs). Further purificationof MJC has been found two RIPs, MJC0.3 and MJC0.5. This study is aimed to prove the cytotoxic selectivity ofMJC0.3and MJC0.5against many cancer cell-lines and normal cell line. The two RIPs, MJC0.3and MJC0.5were testedtheir cytotoxic effect on 8 human cancer cell lines and normal cell using MTT assay compared with MJC protein.The highest cytotoxic activities of MJC0.3and MJC0.5were against EVSA-T followed by T47D, HeLa,WiDR, SiHa,Raji, NS1, andMCF7, with the IC50 of 59.3, 102.4, 162.9, 190.5, 249.5, and 304.5 μg/mL, respectively for MJC0.3and 32.8, 75.5, 86.0, 108.3, 346.7, and 220.06 μg/mL, respectively for MJC0.5. Based on these IC50 values,MJC0.3 and MJC0.5 were specific to EVSA-T and T47D, whereas they were not selective against Raji and SiHa(SI<10.0). It can be concluded that he acidic RIPs isolated from M. jalapa L. leaves was potential to be developedas anticancer agents for breast cancer.Key words: acidic RIPs – M. jalapa L.- cytotoxic selectivity - cancer cell lines.
Comparison of giving ephedrine 30 μg/kgbw iv and lidocaine 2% 40 mg iv to educe pain induction propofol 2 mg/kgbw iv in general anesthesia Yusmein Uyun, Mujahidin Bambang Suryono
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 45, No 01 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (402.446 KB) | DOI: 10.19106/JMedScie004501201303

Abstract

The administration of propofol often causes burning sensation in the area of injection. There have been efforts to reduce discomfort, but the result remains unsatisfactory. The main purpose of this study is to find objective evidence of whether the administration of ephedrine 30μg/kgBB IV is more effective than 40mg 2% lidocaine in order to reduce propofol 2mg/kgBB injection pain.This study was conducted in the double blind Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) to 128 patients, with the range of age 18-60 years, physical status ASA I and II, BMI 17.5 – 24.5 kg/m2 which had been done elective surgery in the Intergrated Surgery Center of Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta and other education network (Banyumas Hospital, Panembahan Senopati Bantul Hospital, Orthopedi Solo Hospital, Saras Husada Purworejo Hospital) and carried out in 2-4 months, general anaesthesia has been done with endotracheal intubation technic. Subjects have been divided into 2 groups, group A (lidokain 40 mg) and group B (efedrin 30μg/ kgBB). All of the patients have been given at the vena sefalikabasalika with 18G needle and RL. After one of the drugs has been given, the patient will be inducted with propofol 60 seconds later. The measurement of discomfort caused by propofol injection has been marked with discomfort scoring system (score 0-3), the blood pressure measurement has been taken before and after propofol administration. The results showed no statistically significant difference in the two study groups (2% lidocaine 40 mg IV vs ephedrine 30μg/kgbb IV) on pain response measured when patients received propofol 2mg/kgbb IV, p > 0.05 (P = 0.068) In group A there were 52 patients (81.3%), pain-free, while for group B there were 59 patients (92.2%). The pain response obtained was varies, in group A obtained a scale of 1-3, while in group B obtained a scale of 1-2. It can be concluded that administration of IV ephedrine 30μg/kgBB is not a significantly different effect compared with 2% lidocaine 40 mg IV to prevent response to pain during injection of propofol 2 mg / kg IV, P> 0.05 (P = 0.068), but clinically group B have the ability to eliminate pain in 59 patients (92.2%) compared with group A in 52 patients (81.3%), while the possibility of causing pain in group A were 12 patients (7.8%) and group B were 5 patients (18.7%).Keywords: Pain, injection, propofol, lidocaine, ephedrine.
The frequency of non tuberculosis mycobacteria among isoniazid resistant Mycobacterium isolates and the pattern of resistance to antituberculosis drugs Praseno, Ning Rintiswati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 42, No 01 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Non tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) could be the causative agents of various clinical infections, especially inimmunocompromised individuals. However, frequency of this bacteria among Mycobacterium isolates is not yeknown. Morover, their pattern of resistance to antituberculosis drugs has not been reported. The aim of the study isto determine the frequency of NTM among isoniazid resistant Mycobacterium isolates and the pattern of resistanceto antituberculosis drugs. The clinical isolates of isoniazid-resistant mycobacteria collected from several laboratoriesin Java were cultured on Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) medium and followed by drug sensitivity testing. Identification ofNTM was based on standard microbiological test: colony morphology, duration of growth, acid fast staining, andbiochemical test (niacin test and nitro benzoic acid medium test). All isolates were resistant to rifampicin, 81.20%were streptomycin resistant, and half of them were resistant to ethambutol. Pattern of resistance to the secondline antituberculosis drugs (ciprofloxacin, kanamicin, and ofloxacin) was variable with the range of 37,5%to 62,5%.In conclusion, almost all NTM isolates were resistant to rifampicin and streptomycin, whereas more than half ofisolates were resistant to the second line drugs (ciprofloxacin, kanamicin, and ofloxacin).Key words: NTM- isoniazid resistant- pattern of resistance – antituberculosi drugs
α-Lipoic acid inhibit the decrease of collagen deposition in ultravioled B-irradiated cultured normal human skin fibroblasts cell culture Yohanes Widodo Wirohadidjojo, Arum Krismi Satiti Retno Pudjiati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 43, No 02 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Repeated ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation on human skin has been considered to be responsible in premature agingprocess because UVB has been proved to inhibit collagen deposition and accelerates collagen degradation. Clinicalstudies showed that topical usage of 5% α-lipoic acid (ALA) improved the clinical appearance of photoaged skin.However, the effect of ALA on collagen deposition and degradation in UVB-irradiated normal human skin fibroblastsculture has not been reported. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of ALA on collagen deposition anddegradation in UVB-irradiated cultured normal human skin fibroblasts. Culture of normal human skin fibroblasts weretreated with 0, 125, 250, 500 μM ALA diluted in complete Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) andirradiated with 300 mJ/cm2 UVB. The mean collagen deposition and degradation’s level were measured by Siriusred assay and read with spectrophotometer at λ 550 nm. Mean difference of collagen deposition as expressed byoptical density (OD) between normal human skin fibroblasts cell after UVB irradiation and without UVB irradiationwas analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and Friedman test, while mean difference collagen degradation wasanalyzed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t test with 95% confidence level (p<0.05). Theresults showed that ALA 125 μM inhibited the decrease of collagen deposition significantly (p<0.05), though higherconcentrations did not. However, ALA did not inhibit collagen degradation increment (p>0.05). In conclusion, ALAinhibited the decrease of collagen deposition, but did not inhibit collagen degradation in UVB-irradiated normalhuman skin fibroblasts culture.Key words: α-lipoic acid - collagen - human skin - fibroblasts – UVB - irradiation
Association study of LMP-1 expression and promoter methylation status of tumor suppressor gene RASSF1A in nasopharyngeal carcinoma Harijadi, Rina Susilowati, Ageng Brahmadhi Susanna Hilda Hutajulu, Dewi Kartika
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 43, No 01 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a cancer originating fromnasopharyngeal epithelial tissue. Genetic susceptibility,exposure to carcinogens, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection are the main factors in NPC development. Latentmembrane protein 1 (LMP-1) is a product of EBV genome, which is able to interact with various intracellular signalingpathways that leads to expression of many proteins, e.g DNA methyltransferase. The increase expression of DNAmethyltransferase could induce hypermetylation of tumor suppressor genes (TSG). Ras-association domain family1A (RASSF1A) is one of TSG that frequently hypermethylated in NPC cases. The aim of this study is to determinethe association between LMP-1 expression and promoter methylation status of RASSF1A in NPC patients. Theresearch subjects were 36 NPC patients of the Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Latent membraneprotein 1was stained immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibody OT21C. Ras-association domain family 1Amethylation statuswas examined by methylation specific PCR (MSP) of DNA isolated fromnasopharyngeal brushing.Chi-square analysis was conducted to examine the association between LMP-1 expression and methylation status ofRASSF1A with 95%confidence interval. Latent membrane protein 1 was expressed in 44.4%subjects. The scoresof LMP-1 expression were ranged from 0-8 (average of 1.56±2.16). Ras-association domain family 1A methylatedin 66.7% of subjects. Statistical analysis showed that there was a relationship between LMP-1 expression andmethylation status of RASSF1A (p<0.05). Statistical analysis also showed association between LMP-1 expressionscore and RASSF1A methylation status (p<0.05). It can be concluded that there was an association between theexpression of LMP-1 and RASSF1A methylation status in NPC patients.Keywords: LMP1 - RASSF1A – NPC – hypermethylation - DNA methyltransferase - methylation specific PCR
Negative Correlation between cross-linked fibrin degradation products (d-dimer) and glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores in patients with head injury Setyawati, Andriani Tri Susilowati Usi Sukorini
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 45, No 02 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (893.511 KB) | DOI: 10.19106/JMedScie004502201303

Abstract

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is damage in the brain caused by a traumatically injuring external force. To observe its severity, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Computed Tomography (CT) scan are used. In addition, D-dimer as an end product of fibrinolytic activity is proposed as the predictor of TBI outcome. The increase of D-dimer value is correlated with severity. CT-scan is too expensive and requires patients’ mobility that can cause worse incidents. The aim of this study was to correlate between D-dimer and GCS in patients with traumatic brain injury. The cross sectional observational analytic design was carried out in the study. The TBI patients with 24 hours onset admitted to Emergency Room Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta will be included with inclusion and exclusion criteria consecutively. Glasgow coma scale was measured and plasma D-Dimer was examined using Nycocard with immunofiltration method. Correlation between plasma D-Dimer and Glasgow Coma Scale was tested using Pearson Correlation when the population distribution was normal and Spearman when it was not normally distributed. There was a strong negative correlation between D-dimer and Glasgow Coma Scale (r=-0.622; p<0.001) and Prothrombin Time with D-dimer value (r=0527; p<0.001). Moreover, it was found that haemoglobin had a correlation with D-dimer (r=-0.517; p=0.001). Haemoglobin and PT had a correlation with Glasgow Coma Scale (r=0.419 vs -0.591; p<0.001) and neutrophil had poor correlation with Glasgow Coma Scale (r=-0.336; p=0.034). In conclusion, there was a strong negative correlation between degradation product of cross-linked fibrin (D-dimer) and Glasgow Coma Scale in patients with traumatic brain injury. Keywords: D-Dimer - Glasgow Coma Scale - Traumatic Brain Injury - CT scan - correlation

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