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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 01261312     EISSN : 23563931     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202101
Core Subject : Science,
Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience
Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,170 Documents
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The protective effect of sunscreens against ultraviolet B-induced immunosuppression. A study on Langerhans cell depletion Yohanes Widodo Wirohadidjojo, Flora Ramona SP Fajar Waskito
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 42, No 01 (2010)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation can act as immunosuppressant by inducing an epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) depletionwhich could be inhibited by topical sunscreen. Several kinds of sunscreens with various SPF (Sunscreen ProtectionFactor) are now available. The minimal SPF which able to inhibit the immunosuppressive effect of UVB amongpeople with skin photo-type IV has not been established yet. The aim of this study is to determine the minimal SPFcapable to inhibit UVB-induced immunosuppression among people with skin photo-type IV. A simple experimental(post test only experimental) study was conducted among 5 people’s circumsized foreskins with Fitzpatrick’s skinphoto-type IV. Each of them was divided into equal 5 pieces of 0.5 cm2. Each of three pieces of skin was treated bysunscreen SPF 15, SPF 30, and SPF 50, a single piece of skin was treated with placebo, and all of them then weretreated by a single 100 mJ/cm2 of UVB 30 minutes later. A rest single piece of skin was used as control. After 24hours of incubation in incubator of 37O C and 5% CO2, all of them then was fixed by buffer formalin, blocked byparaffin, cut in 2mm of thickness, and then stained with anti CD 1a antibody with AEC as chromogen and Mayer’shematoxylin as counterstaining. The number of LC was counted by Image J Analysis programmed and the mean ofLCwere analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test dan Mann-Whitney test. There were very significantly different of themean number of LC between UVB placebo group and control group (p < 0.01). Compared to the control group,mean number of LC among SPF 30 and SPF 50 treated groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). Sunscreenwith SPF 15 had LC number lower than control group significantly (p<0.05). The lowest SPF for preventing UVBinduced LC depletion among people with skin photo-type IV was 30.Key words : UVB - immunosupression – sunscreens – SPF -CD1aexpression
Assessment of the application level of radiation protection and awareness of radiation safety regulations among the radiographers at Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia Ahmad Hamim Sadewa, Ahmad Rafiq Mohammad Abu Arrah Arif Faisal
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 43, No 02 (2011)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

A strong relation between cancers and radiation exposure has been reported. Radiation may damage DNA in thecell. Therefore, radiation protection program must be applied in the radiology department. Morover, the radiographershould have high level of awareness and risk assessment for radiation. Personal radiation monitoring is one of themain radiation protection, especially for pregnant worker and her fetus. This study was conducted to evaluate theapplication, awareness and risk assessment levels of radiation protection among radiographers at hospitals inYogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. This was a descriptive study, applying a cross sectional survey at hospitals inYogyakarta. The subjects were radiographers of both governmental and private hospitals. There were 101 respondentsfrom a total of 124 radiographers. The data obtained were tabulated and analyzed using Chi Square test. The studyrevealed that 69.3% of the respondents had low application level of radiation protection, 19.8% did not know themeaning of ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable), 50.5% were not aware of Inverse Square Law. The studyalso reported that 36.6% of the respondents did not know the amount of radiation that entered their body last year,61.4% of radiographers thought that the risk assessment of radiation was not enough, 18.8% of radiographerswere never use any radiation monitoring device, and 90.1% stated that there was no additional protection orradiation monitoring to the pregnant radiographer. However, there were no significant differences between durationof working, type of imaging modality, academic level, and training course for radiation protection. In conclusion,there was no difference in the application, awareness, and risk assessment levels of radiation protection among theradiographers at hospital in Yogyakarta Special Region between duration of working, type of medical imaging modality,academic level, and training on radiation protection. In addition, the application, awareness, and risk assessmentlevels of radiation protection were not sufficient.Key words: radiation protection – ALARA – radiographer – hospital – risk assessment
Aldose reductase genetic polymorphism is a risk factor of diabetics retinopathy among type 2 diabetes mellitus in Yogyakarta, Indonesia Tasmini, Jujuk Anton Cahyono Ahmad Hamim Sadewa
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 43, No 02 (2011)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, due toinsulin resistance, insulin deficiency, or both. Diabetics retinopathy (DR) is a DM complication due to retinal abnormality,that causes vision reduction and even blindness. The association between DR and aldose reductase C-106T (ALR C-106T) gene polymorphism has been reported in previous studies. This genetic polymorphism increases the sorbitollevel inside erythrocyte and pericyte in the retinal membrane that leads to weakness of retinal capillary vessel andmicroaneurism. The aim of this study was to know the presence of ALR C-106T gene polymorphism and its frequencydistribution among diabetics Javanese patients in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In addition,this study also aimed to analyze the difference of erythrocytes osmotic fragility (EOF) among ALR genotypes in type2 diabetics patients with DR and without DR and to analyze whether ALR genetic polymorphism is a risk factor ofDR in type 2 diabetic patients. This was a case control study that involved 40 diabetics patients with DR as case and40 diabetics patients without DR as control groups. The C-106T ALR gene polymorphism was determined bypolymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) method. Erythrocytes osmoticfragility was analyzed using spectrophotometer. Genotype and allele distributions were analyzed using x2 and otherdata were analyzed using independent t-test and Mann-Whitney, with p<0.05 was considered as significantlydifferent. The results showed that in type 2 diabetics patients with DR, 33 patients (82.5%) were CC homozygoteindividuals and 7 patients (17.5%) were CT heterozygote individuals. In type 2 diabetics patients without DR, 27patients (67.5%) were CC homozygote individuals and 13 patients (32.5 %) were CT heterozygote individuals. Thegenotype and allele distributions were not significantly different between two groups (p=0.121 for genotype,p=0.151 for allele). Odds Ratio of genotype was 2.270 while allele was 2.023. Erythrocytes osmotic fragility of CCgenotype was higher than CT genotype (p=0.047). In conclusion, there was no significant difference between CCand CT genotype distribution among type 2 diabetics patients with and without DR. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility ofCC genotype was higher than CT genotype. C-106T gene polymorphism was a risk factor of DR in type 2 diabeticpatients.Key words : ALR genes – polymorphism - type 2 DM - diabetic retinopathy - erythrocytes osmotic fragility
Agreement between ultrasonography and histopatologic findings in diagnosing retinoblastoma Natliani, Fitria
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 43, No 01 (2011)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Retinoblastoma is a rare eye tumor of childhood that represents the most common intraocular malignancy ofinfancy and childhood. Diagnosis of retinoblastoma are based on ophthalmological examination and imaging, includingultrasonography (USG). In a typical case of retinoblastoma, it will provide a nearly pathognomonic picture withcottage-cheese calcification, with density higher than the sclera and high internal reflectivity in USG findings.Histopathologic examination is a gold standard formalignany cases and Flexner-Wintersteiner cells is a pathognomonicsign. The aim of this study is to determine the value of an agreement test comparing USG as a preoperativediagnostic tool with histopatologic examination in diagnosing retinoblastoma. This study was an observationalagreement test. All of the patients with clinically suspected intraocular lession were examined with USG followedby surgery and histopathologic examination in Eye Clinic of Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta. The result of USGexaminationswas interpreted by one eye oncologist and the histopathologic readingwas performed by one anatomicalpathologist. Data were analyzed to determine the agreement value. Thirty three eyes, 21 eyes were retinoblastomasuspected and 12 eyes were non-retinoblastoma suspected based on USG examination), were observed in thisstudy. One eye (3.03%) was false positive case and 1 was false negative case. The Kappa value of agreement testwas 0.87. In conclusion, ultrasonography of the eye as a pre-operative diagnostic tool had an excellent agreementcompared with histopathological examination as a gold standard in retinoblastoma.Key words: eye-retina-intraocular malignancy-diagnosis-Kappa value
Systematic review: better or (otherwise) misleading for clinical decision? Hardyanto Soebono, Muhammad Bayu Sasongko
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 42, No 01 (2010)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Systematic review is a method to combine multiple sources of evidence through an explicit and reproducible way ofliterature search and critical appraisal of the quality of included studies, with or without mathematical methods tosynthesis these information. Since this method was first introduced more than centuries ago, systematic review hasbeen increasingly popular and widely used particularly in the area of medicine. Systematic review is often veryuseful to physicians to help supporting the clinical decision making and significantly reducing their time to seek forappropriate evidence. However, despite its reproducible and systematic steps to substantially minimize the presenceof biases, physicians should still be aware that systematic review is not completely biases resistant. Inclusion ofpoor quality studies, heterogeneity, and publication or other reporting biases are commonly evident in systematicreview that may hinder the quality of the conclusion. This review summarizes the core principals of systematicreview and its potential biases, and discusses when the systematic review is useful or needing careful attention.Key words: treatment-scientific evidence- meta-analysis- critical appraisal-outcomes
The effects of lactobacillus acidophilus on clinical improvement of common cold in children Amalia Setyati, Eka Sari Astuti Sumadiono
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 45, No 01 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (413.018 KB) | DOI: 10.19106/JMedScie004501201304

Abstract

Children contract an average of approximately six colds each year and irrational antibiotic has been prescribed to 60% of cases that potentially cause antibiotic resistency. Some studies in humans have shown that probiotic are effective in reducing the severity of common cold symptoms. The mechanisms of probiotic are attributed to an increase of the innate and acquired immune response. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the consumption of Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 in dosage of 0.1 x 109 CFU and 1.9 x 109 CFU per day during 7 days influences the severity of symptoms of the common cold in children. This study can be described as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. 100 children who developed symptoms of the common cold within 24-48 hours before enrollment were included in the study. Patients in the probiotic group (n=50) received probiotic capsules containing 0.1x109 of Lactobacillus acidophilus and 1.9x109 Lactobacillus rhamnosus every day for 7 days. Patients in the placebo group (n=50) received similarly administered capsules that contained Saccharum lactis. Subjective daily symptom scores for cough symptoms, nasal symptoms, pharyngeal symptoms and systemic symptoms were used as main outcome measures. The daily mean symptom score during an episode was not significantly different in the probiotic-treated group than in the control group (p>0.05). There was also a nonsignificant relative risk reduction in the number of improvement from severity symptoms score of common cold in both of groups (unadjusted absolute % reduction 0, P=1). There was no report of adverse events in the probiotic and plasebo group. In conclusion, Lactobacillus acidophilus R005 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 in the form and dosage studied do not significantly reduce the severity of symptoms of the common cold. Keywords: common cold - probiotic - Lactobacillus acidophilus - Lactobacillus rhamnosus - severity – children  
The study of fauna and vectorial competency of mosquito (Diptera:Culicidae) at Satu’un Village, Muara Uya Subdistrict, Tabalong District, South Kalimantan Province Mahardika A.W, Puspawati Tri Baskoro T. Satoto
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 43, No 02 (2011)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

In Indonesia, mosquito-transmitted diseases such as malaria, dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), and filariasis, stillbecome main public health problems. Mosquito species which usually act as disease vector are Aedes sp, Culex sp,Anopheles sp and Mansonia sp. The aim of this study was to comprehend the mosquito fauna, bionomical and vectorcompetence of Aedes sp, Culex sp, Anopheles sp and Mansonia sp at Santu’un Village, Muara Uya Subdistrict,Tabalong District, South Kalimantan Province. Man Biting method using aspirator was used to capture mosquitoes.Mosquito dissection, ELISA and immunohistochemistry were performed to find microfilaria larvae, sporozoit Sp. ofPlasmodium and dengue virus, respectively. The results showed that Cx.quinquefaciatus, Cx.tritaeniorhyncus, Cxpipiens and Cx.gelidus were exophagic. Culex quinquefaciatus and Cx.tritaeniorhyncus biting activity was began at7 – 8 pm with their biting rate were 102.5 and 44.5 mosquitoes/person/night, respectively. Anopheles umbrosuswas endophagic. Its biting activity peaked at 8 – 9 pm with its biting rate was 0.5 mosquito/person/night. Meanwhile,An. nigerimus and An.kochi were exophagic. The biting activity of An.nigerimus peaked at 8 – 9 pm with its bitingrate was 0.5 mosquito/person/night. Anopheles kochi biting activity peaked at 6 – 7 pm with its biting rate was 1.5mosquito/person/night. Aedes albopictus was found at 6 - 7 pm with its biting rate was 2.5 mosquitoes/person/night.Mansonia bonea was exophagic. Its biting activity peaked at 11 – 12 pm with its biting rate was 2 mosquitoes/person/night. The average temperature and humidity of this study were 26.14 ± 0.30o and 94.60 ± 0.48%,respectively. Culex sp. usually rested inside the house in the morning. The breeding places of mosquitoes werepuddle of water near house, water container, old/unused vehicles, footprint, and water tank. The water temperatureof the breeding place was 25 oC. Its pH was 5.6 with 0 per mil salinity. This study did not found the vector ofmalaria, DHF, and filariasis. In conclusion, four genera of mosquitoes i.e. Culex, Anopheles, Aedes and Mansoniawere found at Santu’un Village. However, vectors of malaria, DHF and filariasis were not found at this village.Key words : Culex - Anopheles - Aedes – Mansonia - fauna - vector
Quality of life epilepsy in childhood: Comparison between well-controlled epilepsy and non epilepsy Soeroyo Machfudz, Fita Wirastuti Suryono Yudha Patria
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 43, No 02 (2011)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Quality of life is an important parameter in assessing the efficacy of medical interventions. Chronic diseases such asepilepsy, have a significant impact on quality of life. Childhood epilepsy is often associated with low achievement inschool, physical limitations, and disturbed social functions. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality oflife of well-controlled epileptic children with non epileptic children. This research was conducted with cross-sectionalstudy design with respondents aged 5-18 years old. All respondents were well-controlled epileptic and non epilepticchildren who were admitted to the Pediatric Polyclinic of Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia in theperiod of March until June 2010. Measurement of quality of life was conducted by filling out the questionnairePediatrics Quality of Life (PedsQL) that directly obtained from the children who were accompanied by their parent.Lower total score of PedsQL showed better quality of life. The results showed that mean total score of PedsQL onwell-controlled epileptic children (38.31±1.6) was higher than non epileptic children (8.84±0.90). Prevalence ratioof controlled epileptic children was 2.69 (95% CI: 2.01-3.58). In conclusion, well-controlled epileptic children hadlower quality of life than non epileptic children. The factors that affect quality of life of well-controlled epilepticchildren were duration of suffering from epilepsy and age at diagnosis of epilepsy.Key words: quality of life – well-controlled epileptic children - PedsQL – physical function – emotional functionsocialfunction
Relation between -carotene and ferritin upon malondialdehyde in Javanese male smoker Sunarti, Naomi Yoshuantari Ahmad Hamim Sadewa
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 43, No 01 (2011)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Smoking of cigarette can cause additional free radicals. Oxidative damage is resulted from the accumulation of freeradicals in the body. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the end product of free radicals, a marker of oxidative damage. -carotene is pro-vitamin A, an antioxidant known to quench singlet oxygen. Ferritin is thought to release excessiveiron in smokers, thereby increasing the oxidative stress. The aim of the study is to evaluate the relation between -carotene and ferritin toward MDA level in Javanese smokers. This study was carried out in a case-control, crosssectional design nested with cluster sampling. Participants were Javanese smokers and non-smokers in Purworejodistrict, Central Java. Samples and data were obtained secondarily. The results were analyzed using independentsamples t-test and linear regression. The results showed that there was very weak negative correlation between -carotene with MDA (R square=0.013; p value=0.320) and very weak positive correlation between ferritin withMDA (R square=0.043; p value=0.067). There was no statistically significant relation of -carotene with MDA.Ferritin level was marginally influential upon MDA level as the marker of lipid peroxidation between smokers andnon-smokers. Aging apparently became the confounding variable by influencing the lipid peroxidation more efficientlythan smoking itself (p = 0.013). In conclusion, there was no significant relation between -carotene and ferritinwith MDA in smokers.Key words : smoking – cigarette – β-carotene – ferritin – malondialdehyde
Comparison of recovery rate in acute rinopharyngitis after antibiotic and non antibiotic treatment Wahyudi Istiono, Beta Andewi Resti Anggraheni
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 45, No 02 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (689.884 KB) | DOI: 10.19106/JMedScie004502201304

Abstract

Acute rhinopharyngitis (ARI) remains become a major public health problem in the world. About 2.3 million people are diagnosed with ARI annually. In Cilacap District of Central Java, approximately 350 patients visit primary health care center due to URTI symptoms monthly. Acute rhinopharyngitis is commonly caused by viruses, therefore the use of antibiotics is not recommended. However, many evidences showed that antibiotics are prescribed to treat ARI. The aim of this study is to compare of recovery rate in acute rinopharyngitis after antibiotic and non antibiotic treatment. This was a double-blind randomized controlled trial study involving ARIs patients who visited primary health care center (Puskesmas) of Cilacap I, Cilacap District. The patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruted and divided into two groups i.e. Treatment Group and Control Group. The Treatment Group was given symptomatic drugs and amoxicillin 500 mg three time daily for five days, while the Control Group was just given symptomatic drugs. The recovery rate of ARI patients was evaluated on the fifth day after drugs administration. One hundred and sixty six eligible ARI patients consisting 83 patients of each group were involved in this study. The results showed that the recovery rate in the Treatment Group (57 patients or 68.7%) was not significantly different with the Control Group (51 patients or 61.7%) (p = 0.417). Moreover, age, gender difference, smoking activity did not influence the recovery rate of ARI patients. However, occupation category influenced the recovery rate. In conclusion, the administration of antibiotic in ARI patients does not influence their recovery rate.    Key words : acute rinopharyngitis  - management – symptomatic drugs - antibiotic - recovery rate

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