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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 01261312     EISSN : 23563931     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202101
Core Subject : Science,
Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience
Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,170 Documents
 177   178   179   180   181 
Inappropriate use of antibiotics in the treatment of acute respiratory infections for the underfive children among general practitioners. Iwan Dwiprahasto Iwan Dwiprahasto
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 29, No 02 (1997)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is the commonest illness in children and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many developing countries. It comprises approximately 50% of all illness in children under five years. Unfortunately, most children are commonly treated inappropriately. A population based study involving all general practitioners (GPs) and pharmacies in Yogyakarta Special Province was carried out in June-July 1992 to provide data on antibiotic utilization for acute respiratory infection (ARI). One hundred and ninety one out of 207 GPs and all pharmacies participated in the study by completing structured form distributed during the study. Ninety three percent of patients with ARI seen by GPs were given antibiotic. Based on WHO criteria on ARI, only 7-14% of all patients were eligible to be given antibiotics. The most frequently used antibiotics for the underfives were ampicillin (38.8%) followed by cotrimoxazole (29.2%), amoxycillin (14.9%), and erythromycin (6.13%). Sixty three per cent of drug cost prescribed for the underfives children were accounted for by antibiotics. It can be concluded that inappropriate use of antibiotics was found in more than 75% patients under 5 years of age. In addition to poor indication for antibiotic use inappropriateness was also found in terms of dose, the length of antibiotic use, drug administration, and drug dosage form.Key words: ARI - innapropriate use of antibiotics - underfive children - general practitioners - prescribing pattern
Diagnosis Radiologis Enterocolitis Necroticans Soeroyo Soeroyo
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 20, No 04 (1988)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a multifactorial disease with an unknown pathogenesis. NEC has a high Mortality rate and incidence is predominant in premature with stress.NEC shows characteristic signs of the ischemic necrosis of the intestine, which can be detected on X-ray picture.X-ray examination would be more useful for detecting NEC in an early stage, following the pro' cess and for the reopening of the stricture of the intestine.Key Words: necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) - ischemic necrosis - radiology - neonatology -prematurity
Tenaga matahari dan kesehatan M.S.A. Sastroamidjojo M.S.A. Sastroamidjojo
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 9, No 04 (1977)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Keywords: tenaga matahari, solar wind
Anticancer selectivity of Momordica charantia L. Seeds Extract and Column Fraction on Raji , HeLa and T47D Cell Lines Hersri Rochmad Parhardian Hersri Rochmad Parhardian
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 36, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: Momordica charantia L. has been used traditionally as medicinal plant in Indonesia. The seed extracts have active substances in the form of ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs. Almost all RIPs can eliminate virus infection and kill cancer cells. Some cancer cells like Raji cell line and HeLa cell line are derived from Burkitt's lymphoma and cervical carcinoma, respectively. Both cancers shows a striking association with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and human papilloma virus (HPV).T47D cell line is derived from breast cancer and is not related to certain type of virus.Objective: This study was focused on the effect of RIP from M.charantia L. on Raji, HeLa and T47D cell lines.Methods: Crude extract from M.charantia L. seeds was dissolved in 0.15 M NaCI, and then precipitated with 30-60% saturated ammonium sulphate. Precipitant was then purified with column of CM-Sepharose CL-6B with 0.5 M NaCI gradient. Cell lines grown in growth media with crude extract and active fraction of column. Lethal Doses 50% (LD50) was calculated directly for Raji cell line and used MTT for HeLa and T47D cell lines.Results: The study shows that 0.25M NaCI column fraction containing 32kDa protein had an activity on DNA supercoiled cleavage. The difference of LD50 between crude extract with 32kDa protein was not significant (p>0.05) for Raji cell line and HeLa cell line, but there was significant difference for T47D cell line. T47D cell line shows DNA fragmentation as sign of apoptosis.Conclusion: Raji cells shows more sensitive than T47D cell lines did, whereas HeLa cell line was resistant to the crude extract and 32kDa protein. In this work, the death of T47D cell line was estimated through apoptosis.Key words: column fraction - Momordica charantia L. - Raji - T47D cell lines - apoptosis.
Comparative efficacy of Phyllanthus niruri L. and cotrimoxazole in the treatment of skin infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Praseno Praseno
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 33, No 02 (2001)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: Traditional medicine has been widely used in our community and many of them were found to be effective in the treatment of various diseases. Previous studies showed that Phyllanthus niruri L. has an effect as immunostimulator and antiviral activities.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Phyllanthus niruri L. in the treatment of skin infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus.Materials and Methods: Thirty mice of Swiss strain were infected with 2x100 colony forming unit of S.aureus subcutaneously. The mice were then devided into 3 groups; Phyllanthus niruri L.-treated group, cotrimoxazole-treated group, and control group. Treatmen
Insertion of Norplant ith and withoul prophylactic antibiotics: A randomized C011 ironed siudy Risanto Siswosudarmo Risanto Siswosudarmo
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 24, No 01 (1992)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

A randomized controlled study on the insertion of Norplant without prophylactic antibiotics had been carried out. The aim of the study was to compare the risk of complication happening shortly after insertion. A total of 500 acceptors completed their follow-up, 244 belonged to the antibiotic group (tetracycline), while 256 belonged to the control group. They come from suburban areas stuTounding the city of Yogyakarta.Insertion was carried out outside the hospital during the Safari Mass Campaign, with hospital standard asepsis. Follow-up was carried out one week after insertion to detect the presence of such complication or side effects as pain, inflammation, abscess and sense of itching. Data were processed with version 2.0 SPSS program using Nikon PC Computer. t-test, chi-square test and relative risk were statistical analysis used in the study.Results showed that both groups were comparable in. terms of age, body weight, parity, duration of insertion and level of education. The overall incidence of complication in the non-an tibiotic group was 19,9% compared to 24.2% in the antibiotic group (RRO.82, 95% CL 0.57– L19) . More detailed complications such as pain, inflammation, abscess and sense of itching show neither clinical nor statistical significant differences. The risk of complication in all, cases was influenced neither by duration of insertion nor by acceptor's level of education.The study concluded that the insertion of Norplant without prophylactic antibiotics was as safe as with antibiotics.Key Words: Norplant - contraceptive mass campaign - antibiotics - obstetrics - contraceptive complication
Diagnosis filariasis malayi dengan ELISA Sandwich menggunakan antibodi monokional Soeyoko Soeyoko
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 28, No 02 (1996)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Malayan filariasis is still the major public health problem in Indonesia. In endemic area, when microfilaremia and clinical manifestations are absent, the diagnosis of malayan filariasis is extremely important, particularly for filariasis control.With the development of hybridoma technology, it is possible to produce monoclonal antibody against any stage of Brugia malayi, which is capable of detecting the circulating parasite antigen in malayan filariasis sera.Sandwich ELISA, assay using Fab 4 monoclonal antibody could identify circulating parasite antigen in human sera. With this assay it was found that: 100% of sera from symptomatic-microfilaremic, 50% of sera from symptomatic-amicrofilaremic, 82,1% of sera from asymptomatic-microfilaremic and 24,4% of sera from asymptomatic-amicrofilaremic residents of filariasis-endemic areas positively contained circulating antigen.In comparison with the conventional method, the sensitivity and specificity of this new technique are 85,2% and 75,4% respectively.From this study it is concluded that Sandwich ELISA is proved to be very sensitive as an immunological test to detect filarial infection without any clinical manifestation or microfilaria in the blood.Key words : malayan filariasis - circulating antigen - monoclonal antibody - Sandwich ELISA - asymptomatic-amicrofilaremic.
Varieties in Indonesia Traditional Haelth Care Azwar Agoes Azwar Agoes
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 16, No 02 (1984)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang amat luas, terdiri atas pelbagai suku dan jenis ke. budayaan. Cara-cars pengobatan tradisional tumbuh sesuai dengan kehidupan dan interaksi pen. duduk dengan sekitarnya, termasuk hubungannya dengan cara-cara pengobatan modern yang dikenal melalui adanya Puskesmas pada setiap Kecamatan.Banyak orang menganggap pengobatan tradisional Indonesia identik dengan jamu. Berdasarkan basil beberapa seminar pengobatan tradisional maupun laporan-laporan terdahulu, dapat disc-but bahwa sesungguhnya is terdiri atas empat kategori, yaitu:1.Pelayanan kesehatan/pengobatan suku terasing,2.Fitoterapi atau penggunaan jamu,3.Terapi-manual dan4.Psikoterapi oleh dukun dan ahli kebatinan.Diterangkan dap-tiap komponen dan di review pustaka yang ada korelasinya,Key Words: Indonesian traditional medicine - herbs - faith healer - shaman - phytotherapy
Management of premature rupture of the membrane Risanto Siswosudarmo Risanto Siswosudarmo
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 23, No 01 (1991)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

A literature study on the management of premature rupture of the membrane (PROM) is carried out to find out the best method and its impact on maternal and neonatal morbidity.PROM is defined as rupture of the fetal membrane before the onset of true labor. The incidence of PROM varies from 0,7 to 10%. Premature labor and its consequences to the newborn as well as maternal and neonatal infections are complications attributed to early rupture of the membrane.Conservative management for PROM before 37 weeks of gestation is a method used by most obstetricians. Patients should be staying in bed as long as the amniotic fluid is still coming out, no vaginal examination performed, and she should be closedly monitored for signs of infection and prophylac tic antibiotics given. Once the signs of i nfection develop, termination of pregnancy should be carried out and massive antibiotics should be given. Risk of infection becomes evident if rupture of the membrane goes beyond 12 to 24 hours so that prophylactic antibiotics should be given before 12 hours of rupture. Most of the cases will go to labor before 48 hours, although in some cases labor can be postponed for 19, 33, 39, 44, and 55 days. If labor can be postponed for more than 48 hours, the risk of suffering From respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in neonates is getting lower.The management of premature rupture of the membrane after 37 weeks of gestation depends on the condition of the cervix. Patients with ripe cervix can be induced immediately, but patients with unripe cervix should be managed conservatively.Key Words: PROM - RDS - prophylactic antibiotics - perinatal mortality - maternal infection
Detection of fetal growth retardation : diagnostic agreement between measurement of uterine fundal height with measurement of fetal biometry using ultrasonography Ricardi W. Alibasjah Ricardi W. Alibasjah
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 27, No 03 (1995)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

This study was carried out to evaluate the diagnostic agreement between measurement of uterine fundal height with measurement of fetal biometry detecting intrauterine fetal growth retardation.The study consisted of two phases, i.e. determination of standard of uterine fundal height and a test of the standard against ultrasonography, that was currently regarded the most reliable tool in the detection of intrauterine fetal growth retardation. Data was analyzed using agreement analysis with Kappa statistics and intraclass correlation coefficient.The first phase showed a standard curve for the growth of uterine fundal height at 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles. This curve was constructed from 1,024 measurements of uterine fundal height on 487 pregnant mothers at 24-42 weeks of gestational age visiting antenatal clinics at Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, from 21 March to 4 June 1992. There was a positive correlation between gestational age and uterine fundal height (r=0.7362, p<0.01). The average gain in uterine fundal height was 0.7 cm per week, with a steep increase at 24th to 36th week of gestational age and a tendency to level-off after that.Agreement of the diagnosis was tested on 85 mothers living in Lendah Subdistrict, Kulon Progo District, who at the time of the study were 24-40 weeks pregnant. Eight mothers were found to have intrauterine growth retarded infants, either using uterine fundal height measurement with under 10th percentile criteria of abnormality, or ultrasonography. There was a perfect agreement between the two in the detection of intrauterine growth retardation (Kappa=1, p<0.001) and an excellent correlation between uterine fundal height measurement and the measurement of fetal biometry (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.8655).It was concluded that uterine fundal height measurement represented an excellent alternative in the monitoring of fetal growth and the detection of intrauterine fetal growth retardation starting from 24th week of gestational age.Key words: intrauterine fetal growth retardation - uterine fundal height - ultrasonography - agreement analysis 

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