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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 01261312     EISSN : 23563931     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202101
Core Subject : Science,
Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience
Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,170 Documents
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Keracunan organofosfat dan insektisida Soegijanto Soemomarto Soegijanto Soemomarto
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 10, No 02 (1978)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

keyword : insektisida, Keracunan organofosfat
Effect of autovaccine on bacterial infection in mice Ning Rintiswati Ning Rintiswati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 36, No 1 (2004)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: In the present time therapy with antibiotics does not always solve the problem of infectious disease. Many factors influence infectious disease including immun mechanism, disease, resistant strain of microorganism, etc. Immunotherapy using autovaccine could be an alternative therapy, especially on chronic ulcer.Objective:The study observed the effect of autovaccine on ulcer of mice infected by various single bacteria and mix of bacteria.Methods :One hundred and eighty female mice were divided into 3 groups, group 1 was infected by Stapylococcus aureus, group 2 by E.coli, group 3 by mix bacteria (P. aeruginosa, Stapylococcus aureus, E. cob), and ten mice served as control. Half of each group of infected mice then was given autovaccine subcutaneously once a day for seven days. Development of skin lession was observed daily until recovery occured. Titer antibody against bacterial was evaluated using agglutination test.Results: Autovaccine group recovered faster than untreatment group. Number of death in infected group was higher than control group. Autovaccine increase antibody titer in mix bacterial infected group, and group infected by S.aureus, but had no effect on antibody production on group infected by E.coli. Conclusion: Autovaccine has no effect on recovery of skin lession of single infected mice, but effective to heal in mix infected mice.Key words: autovaccine - immunostimulator - bacterial infection - antibody - ulcer healing
In vitro antiplasmodial activity of 1,10- phenanthroline derivatives and its quantitative structure-activity relationship Mustofa Mustofa
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 35, No 2 (2003)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Background: Previous study showed that 1,10-phenanthroline skeleton were active in vitro on both Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistant and -sensitive strains. Based on the skeleton, a series of 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives have been synthesized. However the antiplasmodial activity of those molecules has not been reported.Objective: To know the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of thirteen 1,10-phenantroline derivatives and its quantitative structure-activity relationship.Methods: The in vitro antiplasmodial activity was tested on two strains of Plasmodium falciparum, FcB1Columbia (chloroquine-resistant strain) and a Nigerian (chloroquine-sensitive strain) using a radioactive micromethod. The parasite growth was estimated by [3H1-hipoxanthine incorporation after 24 and 48 hours incubation with each molecule tested. The control parasite free from any molecules was referred to as 100% growth. For this radioactive method IC5o value showing concentration inhibiting 50% of the parasite was determined graphically in concentration versus percent inhibition curves. The quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) of 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives were investigated using atomic net charges as predictors of their activity. Data of predictors were obtained using semi-empirical Austin Model 1 (AM1) calculation method. The possible linear relationships of in vitro antiplasmodial activity with atomic net charge parameters of those compounds were studied. The best model QSAR was evaluated by multiple linear regression method.Results: The results showed that the IC5o values of 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives range from 0.02 to 11.05 uM for the FcB1 strain and from 0.14 to 19.84 pM for the Nigerian strain. The molecure (4), 2,10- methy1-3-12-chloroethyl)-4-chloropirydo [2,3-i] quinolineium iodide exhibited the best in vitro antiplasmodial activity with an IC50 value ranging 0.02 to 0.16 1.1M. The best model QSAR was expressed by log IC5o = -3.4398 - 14.9050 qN1 - 8.5589 qC10 - 14.7565 qC7 + 5.0457 qC11 (n = 13; r = 0.96275; r2 = 0.92689; SE = 0.61578 and F (4,8) = 25.3556).Conclusion: The molecule (4) yield the best in vitro antiplasmodial activity on both P. falciparum strains. In addition, there is correlation between antiplasmodial activity and atomic net charges of atoms on the 1,10-phenanthroline skeleton.Key words : 1,10-phenanthroline, antiplasmodial activity, quantitative structure-activity relationships
Insulin receptor and insulin resistance in type -2 diabetes Ahmad H. Asdie Ahmad H. Asdie
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 24, No 02 (1992)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Resistance to the glucoregulatory effects of insulin is well-documented in type -2, non-insulindependent diabetes. Two separate factors may contribute in the pathogenesis, namely the obesity-related and the non-obesity-related.Obesity-related insulin resistance is associated with hyperinsulinemia, reduced numbers of insulin receptors on target cells. The mechanism by which the insulin receptor number is decreaSed is not clearly understood. This phenomenon is called "down regulation". If the defect in glucose transport can not be overcome at any insulin concentration, insulin unresponsiveness is present. This is caused by unidentified abnormalities distal to the receptor, "postreceptor defect".In non-obesity-related, a-cell dysfunction, secretion of abnormal insulin, failure to convert proinsulin to insulin, or hormonal antagonist to insulin, is thought to be responsible for the resistance.Key Words: type -2 diabetes mellitus - insulin receptor - insulin resistance - insulin antagonist - obesity-related and non-obesity-related factors
Dipstik leukosit esterase untuk diagnosis servisitis mukopurulenta Kajian pada wanita pekerja seks Meita Dewayani Meita Dewayani
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 28, No 03 (1996)
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Abstract

Mucopurulent cervicitis (MPC) is an endocervical inflammation that causes a variety of complications, including infertility. The diagnosis of MPC is usually confirmed by counting the number of leucocytes using a Gram stain of an endocervical swab. This method requires trained personnel, microscopic equipment and time to read the result, so the detection of MPC in primary health care setting is often difficult. The leucocyte esterase dipstick (LED) is an easy and rapid method designed for detecting leucocytes, although its role for diagnosing MPC needs to be clarified. In order to test whether LED could be used as Gram stain substitute for diagnosing MPC, a diagnostic study was conducted among 145 female sex workers seeking reproductive health care from Griya Lentera STD clinic, managed by the Indonesia Planned Parenthood Association in Yogyakarta. Endocervical swabs were taken from each subject for Gram staining, a gonorhoeae culture and LED examination. The result showed that compared to Gram staining, the LED had 96.7% sensitivity, 64.81% specificity, a Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 82.2% and a Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 92.1 %. Compared to the gonorrhoeae culture, the LED had 100% sensitivity, 32.2% specificity, a PPV of 25.23% and a NPV of 100%. This study concluded that among women at high risk for STD infection the LED could be used as a Gram stain replacement in the diagnose of MPC and as an initial screening method to eliminate MPC caused by gonorrhoeae.Key words : mucopurulent cervicitis - gram stain - leukocyte esterase dipstick - gonococcal microculture -female sex workers.
Toksoplasmosis pada Wanita Hamil Risanto Siswosudarmo Risanto Siswosudarmo
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 21, No 03 (1989)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

A literature review of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women has been carried out. 'The airn..of this review is.to recognize the epidemiology, pathogenesis, mode of transmission, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and mariagernent. Toxoplasrnosis is a parasitic disease catiied'by ToxoplasinO gondii. Two groups 'of people being higly VuLnerable to the disease are 'the deieloping fetus and those'WhO are inimtmodeficient. In humans, prevalence of positive serologic test titers increases with age. There are considerable differences in prevalence rate between, countries.. The prevalence rate of positive serologic test among pregnant women varies between 15% to 96% depending on the geographic area and age group, while the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis varies from one to seven per 1000 live births.Toxoplasma invade every organ in the body; but the most vulnerable organ or tissue are those where access to circulating antibody is.impeded (e.g., brain and retina). The barrier to passive diffusiOn Of antibodies into brain and eye has been given as an explanatiOn of the continued proliferation of the'parasite on theie sites at the same time that his disappearing from eirtraneural sites, giving rise to latent infection. The developing fetus is usually infected transplacentally. The risk of fetal infection is related to the time when maternal infection occurs. if Toxoplasma infection is acquired late in pregnancy, the protozoa are most frequently transmitted to the fetus but the infection is subclinical in the newborn. If, however, the mother is infected early in pregnancy (for example-during the third month) transmission to the fetus occurs less often but frequently results in severe disease to the new born. There is no clinical signs and symptoms pathognomonic for the disease in pregnant women. In the infant, there is usually a clinical triad — hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis and intracranial calcifications. However, definitive diagnosis of Toxoplasma infection is established by isolation of Toxoplasma gondii from blood or body fluid.,deniostration of cyst in the placenta or tissues or by serologic tests. Sulfonamides, pyrimethamine and spiramycine are drugs considered tole effective in killing the organism. Seronegative pregnant women is .the group of people in which avoidance of infectionKey Words: Toxoplasma gondii --pregnancy --congenital toxoplasmosis serologic test -- pyrimethamine
Sejarah Pendidikan Dokter di Indonesia Radiopoetro Radiopoetro
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 8, No 04 (1976)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

i dalam tahun 1811 di Jawa sudah ada juru cacar (vaccinateur) Jawi Di dalam tahun 1820. diadakan pengajaran untuk rnenghasilkan juru cacar oleh pegawai pengawas.(opzicuers) vaksinasi. Di dalam tahun .1847, oleh karena berjangkitnya berbagai penyakit di daerah Banyumas, pemerintah Hindia Belanda ine-liyaran6n kepada Kepala Jawatan Kesehatan (Chef Geneeskundige BienSt) Dr. W. Bosch untuk menibagi-bagi kepada Kepala-Kepala Desa 'suatupp:Icrian singkat di dalam bahasa jawa dan Melayu:.rnengenai cara mempertahankan kesehatan dan cara mernakai jamu pribumi ,dan obat-obat yang mahal.Saran ini dipakai oleh Bosch untuk mengusulkan membentuk·suatu korps dokter, yang berasal dari penduduk pribumi, yang dapat, mernenuhi kebutuhan akan periolongan dokter yang memadai.Pada -tanggal 9711 ..Qktober 1847 Bosch mengusulkan pada. pemerintah untuk mendidik pernuda-pemuda berasal penduduk jawa yang dapat rnembaca dan menulis bahasa jawa dan Melayu dan mempunyai bakat dan bersedia menjadi dokter-dokter praktek (practische geneesheren) pada rumah-rumah sakit militer , di jawa sesuai Idengan. suatu keputusan pemerintah (gouvernementsriesfuli): tanggal2 Januari 1899, no 22,. Di Jakarta (pada waktu itu disebut Weltevreden), pada bulan Januari 1851. di rumah sakit . mititer dibuka sekolah yang dimaksudkan di dalam keputusan pemerintah itu
The effect of 2% salicylic acid as a support of 10% benzoil peroxide gel for mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Rahajeng Musy Rahajeng Musy
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 35, No 4 (2003)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: Cleansing is necessary before the application of topical therapy for acne vulgaris. However ordinary soap leads to dryness. Two percent salicylic acid has comedolytic, anti inflammation and moisturizing activity.Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of 2% salicylic acid soap as a support of 10% benzoil peroxide gel for mild to moderate acne vulgaris.Material and method: The design of this study was randomized, double blind, clinical trial. Fifty twofemales with mild to moderate acne vulgaris with the mean of the age was 18.9 ± 3.06 years old were divided into 2 groups. The first group was treated with 2% salicylic acid soap and the second group was treated with soap base, in addition to 10% benzoil peroxide gel for both groups. The clinical assessment was conducted by counting the acne lesion at 2, 4, 8, and 12 week. While the level of moisture and sebum of the skin was measured by corneometer and sebumeter of Courage – Khazaka at 4, 8, and 12 week. The difference between 2 groups was analyzed statistically by t-test, chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test. The difference was considered to be significant if p < 0.05.Result: There was significant reduction of the open comedone in salicylic acid soap group 
The effect of 0.03% flurbiprofen and 0.1% indomethacin eye drops and oral indomethacin on the pupil diameter in the extracapsular cataract surgery Mu&#039;tasimbillah Ghozi Mu&#039;tasimbillah Ghozi
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 31, No 04 (1999)
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Abstract

Background: Intraocular surgery releases prostaglandin. Prostaglandin caused miosis and inflammatory reaction. Flurbiprofen and Indomethacin are antiprostaglandin agents.Objectives: This study was aimed to compare the effects of flurbiprofen and indomethacin eye drop and flurbiprofen tablet orally in preventing surgically induced miosis to dilated pupils during extracapsular cataract surgery.Methods: Measurement of the diameter of dilated pupil before and during extracapsular cataract surgery. Analysis variance and Tukey Studentized Rest Test were used to analyse the result.Results: No statitical significant difference was found in pupil diameter among the three groups except the stage of capsulotomy and inspiration-aspiration among those who received flurbiprofen and indomethacin eye drops.Conclusion: Flurbiprofen 0.03% eye drop was significantly stronger than Indomethacine eye drop 0.1% in preventing surgically induced miosis at extracapsular cataract surgery especially in both stage of capsulotomy and inspiration-aspiration and type manipulation.Keywords: cataract surgery - anterior capsulotomy - lens extraction - insiparition-aspiration - miosis -antiprostaglandin
Somatotypes of children in different areas of Indonesia Rahmawati NT Hastuti J, Yevita N Ashizawa K
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 39, No 04 (2007)
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Abstract

Background: Human populations consist of individuals who differ widely in body shape and size. Somatotypesare morpho-phenotypic ranges along continua of variation, which possess constantly recognizablecharacteristics and are the functional end products of the whole genetic and the developmental complex.Objective: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to establish the somatotypes of urban, agriculturaland fishing village children in Indonesia.Method: Anthropometric somatotypes of children are considered in a cross-sectional sample of schoolgoing,ranging in age from 7-15 years. A total numbers 1716 (816 boys and 900 girls) consist of childrenin urban Yogyakarta (340 boys and 371 girls), agricultural Bantul (222 boys and 243 girls), and fishingPadang (254 boys and 286 girls). Heath-Carter somatotypes were determined for all subjects.Result: The Yogyakarta children were taller and heavier than their agricultural and fishing counterparts inboth sexes. The Yogyakarta children (urban) were more endomorphic, mesomorphic, and less ectomorphicthan the Bantul and Padang children. The Padang children (fishing village) were more ectomorphic and lessendomorphic than the Yogyakarta and Bantul children. The mean somatotype of boys and girls were 3.8 –3.6 – 3.7 and 4.2 – 3.1 – 3.6 (in urban city, respectively), 2.8 – 3.2 – 4.1 and 3.5 – 2.9 – 3.9 (in anagricultural village, respectively), and 2.5 – 3.5 – 3.8 and 3.5 – 3.1 – 3.5 (in fishing village, respectively).Conclusion: The finding indicated among the Indonesian children, the distribution of somatotype accordingto age was different between urban Yogyakarta, agricultural Bantul and fishing Padang. In general, thewell-off children were more endomorphic, and the low-income children were more ectomorphic.Key words: somatotype anthropometric – urban, agricultural, and fishing village children

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