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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)
Core Subject : Science,
Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia
Articles 2,170 Documents
Prognostic significance of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) counts and nutritional status in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Wisman Herminto, Wisman Herminto
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 33, No 03 (2001)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: The cell proliferation rate is a well-established prognostic factor in cancer, but it has not been considered as a prognostic factor used to stratify ALL patients into risk groups.Objective: The main goal of this study was to verify the relationship between AgNOR number and nutritional status, at the time of diagnosis, and remission induction response rate and survival in ALL patients. Methods: Smears of marrow aspirates from 35 newly diagnosed and previously untreated ALL patients were stained, at presentation, by silver method and evaluated by counting the mean AgNOR number of each case. Anthropometric nutritional status was obtained also for each patient.Results: The mean AgNOR number of the whole series was 3.54 ± 0.74. It was significantly higher in resistant patients than in patients who achieved complete remission (p = 0.01). It was found that the mean AgNOR number = 4 was related to the lower remission induction response than the mean AgNOR number < 4 (p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis by Cox regression model showed that the mean AgNOR number retained its prognostic significance as a predictor of survival (p = 0.04). Conversely, nutritional status was not correlated with remission induction response, and was not of prognostic significance, either.Conclusion: AgNOR number at diagnosis is a reliable prognostic parameter to predict remission induction response rate and survival in childhood ALL, and should be rountinely introduced in the group risk definition.Keywords: AgNOR - nutritional status - prognostic factor - pediatric ALL
Sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antituberculosis drugs Ning Rintiswati, Ning Rintiswati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 31, No 02 (1999)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: The tuberculosis control efforts have been alarmed by trend of the widespread emergence of multidrugs resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To anticipate the _problem it is very important to provide clinicians with data on drugs susceptibility of M. tuberculosis periodically.Objectives: This study reviewed the pattern of susceptibility of M. tuberculosis to various antituberculosis drugs, for monitoring of antituberculosis drugs resistant strains of M. tuberculosis, especially in Yogyakarta. Method: Eighty four isolates of M. tuberculosis - collection of the Laboratory of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University - were evaluated for their susceptibility to various drugs, both the first line drugs (INH, streptomycin, rifampicin, and ethambutol), and the second line drugs (kanamycin). Suspension of M. tuberculosis at density of approximately Mac Farland no. 1 standard (108cfu/m1) were cultured on drugs containing medium as well as control medium of Midlebrook 7H10 and incubated for 3 weeks. The number of colony on the drugs containing medium and control medium was reported.Result: The results showed that range of resistance of M. tuberculosis to the overall drugs were 16% to 62%. Resistance to INH .was the lowest (16.66%), whereas the resistant isolates to streptomycin, ethambutol, rifampicin and kanamycin were 27.38%, 34.21 %, 62.50% and 45.78% respectively.Conclusion: 88.10% of isolates were resistant to one or more antituberculosis, 3.58% were resistant to all of the drugs, and only 11.90% of the isolates still sensitive to all of the drugs.Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis - resistance - antituberculosis
The effect of 2% salicylic acid as a support of 10% benzoil peroxide gel for mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Rahajeng Musy, Rahajeng Musy
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 35, No 4 (2003)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Background: Cleansing is necessary before the application of topical therapy for acne vulgaris. However ordinary soap leads to dryness. Two percent salicylic acid has comedolytic, anti inflammation and moisturizing activity.Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of 2% salicylic acid soap as a support of 10% benzoil peroxide gel for mild to moderate acne vulgaris.Material and method: The design of this study was randomized, double blind, clinical trial. Fifty twofemales with mild to moderate acne vulgaris with the mean of the age was 18.9 ± 3.06 years old were divided into 2 groups. The first group was treated with 2% salicylic acid soap and the second group was treated with soap base, in addition to 10% benzoil peroxide gel for both groups. The clinical assessment was conducted by counting the acne lesion at 2, 4, 8, and 12 week. While the level of moisture and sebum of the skin was measured by corneometer and sebumeter of Courage – Khazaka at 4, 8, and 12 week. The difference between 2 groups was analyzed statistically by t-test, chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test. The difference was considered to be significant if p < 0.05.Result: There was significant reduction of the open comedone in salicylic acid soap group 
Human behavior and its effect on oral biology: biocuitural observation Etty Indriati, Etty Indriati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 34, No 03 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Human behavior, tradition, habit, and culture are closely associated with human biological condition, their health and sickness. Thus, humans habits and activities mimic in their health and sickness. Among human cultural traditions reviewed are coca-leaf chewing, betel-nut chewing, tobacco chewing, irradiation treatment in cancer patients, tooth-tool use related to task activities, tooth cleaning and palliative purposes, and gum chewing. Many literatures have shown that humans activities and habits have impact on their oral biology, ranging from gingival recession, hyperkeratosis of buccal mucosa, cervical-root caries on molar teeth, desquamation of tongue, approximal grooves, and leucoplakia on the oral mucosa. This review suggests that understanding a disease process requires knowledge of humans activities and cultural tradition due to the close association of culture and biology, behavior and health.Key words: habit, teeth, oral, biology, health
Immunological diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) by immunoperoxidase assay (IPA) method using and- VCA-EBV IgA Indrayani Purba, Indrayani Purba
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 29, No 02 (1997)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas (NPC) are the most frequent malignancy cases found at Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Department. Patients are commonly admitted in a severe condition. The success of therapy depends on the early detection of the disease. The most frequently NPC is WHO III type. WHO II and III types have close relationship to EBV. One of the methods to detect an early stage of the disease is by sero-immunology examination for anti VCA-EBV-IgA (VCA-IgA) using IPA method. The results of this VCA-IgA examination in this study were compared to the clinical examinations of NPC and biopsies to observe an analytical performance in terms of reproducibility, diagnostic performance and comparison test (significance and correlation tests). The VCA-IgA examination has been performed at the Department of Clinical Pathology, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital on 30 patients with clinical examination of NPC confirmed by biopsy, 30 normal subjects, 10 suspected KP patients, and 10 patients with positive ASTO. The results of this examination indicated that the reproducibility of VCA-IgA examination by IPA method is very good (Kappa = 81%). For diagnostic performance, a high sensitivity result is obtained (96%). There is no significant difference between the result of VCA-IgA examination with IPA method and NPC with clinical examination & biopsy (p > 0,05). It can be concluded that IgA anti VCA-EBV examination IPA method is useful in the early NPC diagnosis.Key Word : nasopharyngeal carsinoma - IgA anti VCA-EBV - immunoperoxidaseassay - analytic & diagnostic performance - reproducibility
Amplitudo of accommodation in the many types of myopia Nugraha Wahyu Cahyana, Nugraha Wahyu Cahyana
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 33, No 02 (2001)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: It has been discussed among ophthalmologists whether myopia is caused by environmental factors or hereditary. One of the environmental factors is the demand of work requiring frequent and close inspection with the eyes. Myopia may develop in eyes as an adaptation to reduce demands of physical type of work.Objective: To evaluate the difference of amplitudo of accommodation in many types of myopia, and the relation between amplitudo of accommodation and the degree of myopia.Methods: Subjects of the study were myopic patients in the Eye Polyclinic of Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta from November 1,2000 to March 31, 2001. Subjects were divided into 4 groups: mild, moder-ate, high, and progressive myopia. Amplitudo of accommodation was examined with spherical minus method. Sex, age, family history, occupation, education level, and onset of myopia were registered, tabu-lated and analysed.Results: The subjects of the study consisted of 64 myopia patients: 16 mild myopic patients, 16 moderate myopic patients, 16 high myopic patients, and 16 progressive myopic patients. The average amplitudo o accommodation in the mild myopia group was 6.66 ± 1.28 D; the moderate myopia group was 5.03 ± 1.117 D; the high myopia group was 3.53 ± 0.59 D, and the progressive myopia was 2.89 ± 1.14 D. There was a significant difference for each group (p<0,001). There were negative significant correlations (r = -0,758) between the amplitudo of accommodation and the degree of myopia.Conclusion: There was a difference in amplitudo of accommodation for each group of myopia. There was a negative correlation between amplitudo of accommodation and the degree of myopia.Keywords : amplitudo of accommodation - degree of myopia - negative correlation - adaptation mechanism - hereditary factor 
The incidence of low birth weight infants in pregnant mothers infected malaria Setyowireni DK, Setyowireni DK
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 31, No 03 (1999)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: There are many pregnant mothers in malaria endemic area such as Purworejo suffering from anemia. It was considered a risk factor for pregnant mother to deliver low birth weight infants (LBWI).Objectives: The aim of the study is to investigate the correlation between pregnant mothers infected malaria with incidence of low birth weight infants (LBWI).Methods: The samples included pregnant mothers involved in an applied research at the Community Health and Nutrition Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University in Purworejo, Central Java, who received vitamin A and zinc supplement. Five hundred and eighty three pregnant mothers were randomly selected during period of 1 year (1997). By using peripheral blood examination 160 pregnant mothers were found to be infected by malaria and 423 persons were not infected were used as control. Monthly visits were carried out to monitor the anemia status by Hemocue to determine the haemoglobin content and ferritin serum, anthropometry examination, health interview of gestation history using questionaires, and birth weight examination.Results: The prevalence of malaria on pregnant mothers was 10.6%. No characteristic difference of pregnant mothers in two groups statistically, except the ferritin level of pregnant mothers with malaria which was statistically lower (198.6 µg/dl) than non-infected mothers (617.1 µg/dl; p <0.001). The incidence of LBWI in Purworejo in 1997 was 5.3%. No significant difference of LBWI incidence was found in pregnant mothers with malaria (3.8%) and non infected mothers (1.7%; p = 0.13). The LBWI risk in pregnant mothers with malaria was two times higher than non infected mothers. And it is not significant statistically (OR=2.3; 95% CI=0.77-6.64). Multiple regression analysis showed that the important factor of LBWI incidence in pregnant mothers with malaria was gestational age (prematurity) (F=6.293; p = 0.012).Conclusion: The most important factor of LBWI in malaria infected pregnant mother is prematurity. We need to pay attention to them by considering iron deficiency. Key words: pregnant mother - malaria-ferritin serum - prematurity-low birth weight infants
The effect of ciprofloxacin on the susceptibility of pseudomonas aeruginosa to tetracycline Ning Rintiswati, Ning Rintiswati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 30, No 02 (1998)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

The effect of ciprofloxacin on the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to tetracycline was evaluated. This study was based on the fact that most bacterial resistance to an antibiotics is under control of genes located on plasmids. Treatment with ciprofloxacin at subminimal inhibitory concentration possibly alter the supercoiled to the relaxed form, so that the plasmids could not be expressed, whereas at the same time the bacterial chromosome would not be affected by the treatment. The aim of this study was to search for possible increase of tetracycline susceptibility of P.aeruginosa, under the influence of ciprofloxacin. Thirty two isolates of P.aeruginosa were used In the experiment. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin for an individual isolate was determined by a standard broth dilution method. Fresh cultures with the density of 106CFU/m1 were added Into a serial tubes containing various concentrations of tetracycline. Ciprofloxacin at sub MICs was then added into these cultures. The same cultures containing only tetracycline were used for controls. The results showed that the decrease of MIC of tetracycline was observed in 31 (96.87%) isolates of P.aeruginosa, and 34.37% changed their resistance stated. It was concluded that ciprofloxacin increased tetracycline susceptibility of P.aeruginosa.Key words : ciprofloxacin - plasmid - antibiotic susceptibility - P. aeruginosa-tetracycline
Serologic test vs antigenemia assay as diagnostic marker for cytomegalovirus infection in children. Agnes Yunie, Agnes Yunie
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 34, No 04 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Objective: To determine the level IgG and IgM anti-CMV in children clinically suspected to be infected by Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and to determine the diagnostic value of IgG dan IgM anti-CMV as diagnostic tools for active CMV infection with antigenemia assay as the gold standard.Material and methods: Diagnostic test, observational cross sectional study. All children suspected to have CMV infection who were hospitalized or who visited neurology outpatient clinic in Sardjito Hospital in March 1" - September 11" 2002 were enrolled in this study. Serologic test for IgG and IgM anti-CM- and antigenemia assay were conducted to confirm the diagnosis of active CMV infection.Results: Nine of 82 specimens (12%) were confirmed to have active CMV. The cut off point of IgG was 265.75 AU/ml, with the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 67% (95% CI: 31-91%), 70% (95% CI: 58-80%), 21% (95% CI: 9-42%), 94% (95% CI: 84-99%), respectively, and likelihood ratio (LR) 4.5. The cut off point of IgM was 0.445, with the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 56% (95% CI: 23-85%), 67% (95% CI: 55-77%), 17% (95% CI: 7-37%) and 93% (95% CI: 81-98%), respectively and LR 1.7. There was no significant relation between the level of IgG or IgM above cut off point and antigenemia (p=0.06 and p =0.27). Level of IgG combined with IgM had a significant relation with antigenemia (p 0.04), with the sensitivity 75% (95% CI: 22-99%), specificity 81% (95% CI: 66-91%), PPV 27% (95% CI: 7-61%), NPV 97% (95% CI: 84100%) respectively. LR was 5.3. Most of the children (40 patients) had psychomotor disorder (60%). There was significant relation between trombocytopenia and antigenemia (p =0.04).Conclusions: An increased level of IgM combined with IgG above cut off point is a significant diagnostic tool for active CMV infection. Psychomotor disorder is the clinically sign mostly found in active CMV infection. Thrombocytopenia can be used to detect active CMV infection.Key words: active CMV infection - antigenemia - IgM & IgG anti-CMV - IgM anti-CMV - diagnostic test
Serological examination using lipoarabinomannan antigen for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis Ning Rintiswati, Ning Rintiswati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 29, No 03 (1997)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Tuberculosis is still an important public health problem, especially in the developing countries. Efforts have been made to overcome the problem. However, tuberculosis control program has not yet been satisfactory. This is due to various factors which might affect the development of the disease, including poverty, lack of understanding about the disease, relatively long period of time needed for treatment as well as increasing number of resistant strain against antimycobacterial drugs. One of the most important ways in controlling tuberculosis is case finding. An acurate and reliable diagnostic kit is also needed to establish the diagnosis. In this study we evaluated sensitivity and specificity of lipoarabinomannan as antigen for serological examination (Mycodot) in patients suspected of having tuberculosis. Using culture of sputum as gold standard, we observed that the sensitivity and specificity of Mycodot were 50% and 70.59%, respectively. This sensitivity was much lower than that of previous study. Interestingly, we found that 47,55% of suspected cases were negative for all three different examinations (acid fast, culture and Mycodot). With respect to this finding it is suggested that better and proper microbiological examination is required to diagnose patient with suspected tuberculosisKey words: Tuberculosis - Lipoarabinomannan - Mycodot - Acid fast - Mycobacterial Culture

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