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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 01261312     EISSN : 23563931     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202101
Core Subject : Science,
Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience
Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,170 Documents
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The use of bacteriophage therapy for curing the Escherichia coli 0157 infection in mice Metha Restu, Rio Rendy, Hera Nirwati, Susi Iravati, Mova Aria, Ida Ayu Putu
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 40, No 03 (2008)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: Diarrhea is still a problem in public health, especially in developing country such as Indonesia. Escherichia coli 0157:H7 {Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC)} is one of the important strains as the etiology of bloody diarrhea with sistemic complications such as hemolytic uremic syndrome and hemorrhagic colitis. The increase in the discovery of E. coli 0157:H7 resistance to antibiotic is a worldwide problem that must be solved. Bacteriophage application can be a promising alternative therapy. In addition, bacteriophage can also be used as diagnostic tool for bacterial identification and as biocontrol agent in bacterial water pollution.ObJective: The aim of this study was to isolate and identify a specific bacteriophage using a specific strain of E. coli 0157 and use this bacteriophage to cure the E. coli 0157 infection in mice.Methods: E. coli was isolated and identified from faecal samples of diarrheal patients from many Primary Health Centers in Yogyakarta, using McConkey Agar and biochemical media. E. coli 0157 was determined using sorbitol McConkey Agar and agglutination test. Toxins of these strains were detected using hemolysis assay method. Bacteriophage was isolated using one of E. coli 0157 strain (E. coli K-151) from river water of Kali Mambu. The therapeutic effect of this bacteriophage was studied using eighteen threemonth-old male mice of Swiss strain. They were classified randomly into three groups (6 groups). Mice in group A and B were infected with 0.5 ml of 108 CFU of E. coli suspension orally. Only mice in group A were treated with bacteriophage 1.10"pfu/mL, while those in group B were not treated, and group C was used as control.Results: Three strains of E. coli 0157 (K-151, K-840 and K-854) were isolated among 70 E. coli isolates. Bacteriophage K-151 was isolated from the river water. Average cure duration in the group who was given phage K-151 therapy was 34.17 hours, and average cure duration in the group that was not given phage K-151 therapy was 72.7 hours. The mortality rate of group A was 0%, while in group B was 17%. Conclusion: Bacteriophage is effective as alternative therapy against E. coli infection in mice.Keywords: E. coli 0157 - bacteriophage - hemolysis assay - diarrhea
he correlation between HPV infection and p53, pRb, KI-67 as well as tunnel expression of cervical carcinoma Endang Soetristi, Irianiwati Ahmad Ghozali
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 39, No 03 (2007)
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Abstract

Background: HPV infection has an important role in cell proliferation and apoptosis of malignant neoplasia through the binding of their E6 and E7 protein to the p53 and pRb. In cervical cancer the role of HPV infection in cells proliferation and apoptosis has not yet been defined up to now, since mutation of p53 gene and Rb gene in cervical cancer is very rare.Methodes: Thirty-eight block parafin cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were stained immunohistochemically with polyclonal antibody against HPV and monoclonal antibody against p53, Rb, Ki-67 and Tunnel. with chromogen DAB and counterstain Hematoxyllin Meyer. The expression of HPV, p53, pRb, Ki-67 and Tunnel were counted based on the number of positive cells/100 tumor cells in five microscopic fields. The correlation between HPV expression and p53, pRb, Ki-67, Tunnel expression respectively were analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis.Results: There was a significant correlation between HPV expression with either p53 expressionR: 0.491, P:0.002) and or Ki-67 expression (R:0.397, P:0.014), but there was no significant correlation between HPV expression with pRB expression (R:0.3000, P:0.067) and Tunnel expression ( R:O,888, P:0,599).Conclusion: This research showed that HPV infection had important role in cell proliferation but not in cell apoptosis of cervical cancer.Key words: HPV, proliferation, apoptosis, p53, pRb, Ki-67, Tunnel, cervical carcinoma
Epidemiology of filariasis malayi in Muara Padang Village, Muara Padang SubDistrict, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia Sri Sumarni, Erwin Edyansyah Soeyoko
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 01 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Filariasis is still a public health problem in Indonesia especially in rural areas. In South SumatraProvince, 186 patients with chronic filariasis were reported in 2009 and 130 of them came fromBanyuasin District. In Muara Padang SubDistrict, there were 7 patients with chronic filariasisand 1 of them lived in Muara Padang Village. A finger blood survey has never been conducted inMuara Padang Village since elimination program started in 2002. The aim of the study was toevaluate epidemiology of filariasis malayi in the Muara Padang Village. This was a descriptivestudy using cross sectional design. Data were collected from finger blood survey, blood tests forreservoir host (cats), stage 3 of filarial larvae (L3) in mosquito and microfilaria periodicityexamination. From 520 finger blood samples collected from the inhabitants, microfilaria was notobserved. However, 1 subject was found to have elephantiasis caused by filariasis malayi asindicated by swelling leg below the knee. Moreover, 1 subject showed descending lymphangitissymptoms accompanied by fever, headache and weakness even though in blood examinationmicrofilaria was not found. Among 17 samples collected from cats, microfilaria of Brugia malayiwas not observed. However, animal filarial i.e. Dirofilaria repens was observed in 11 samplescollected. Among 701 mosquitoes dissection and examination, L3 was not found. Due to thefact that the microfilaria was not observed in all samples, microfilaria periodicity examinationwas not conducted. In conclusion, microfilaria of B. malayi was not observed in Muara PadangVillage. However, microfilaria of D. repens was observed in cats.
On-admission serum soluble CD40 ligand level predicts subsequent myocardial damage in acute myocardial infarction Putrika Prastuti Ratna Gharini, Budi Yuli Setianto Anggoro Budi Hartopo
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 40, No 04 (2008)
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Abstract

Background: Platelet activation plays an important role in plaque rupture and thrombus formation. Activated platelets release soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40LI. It has coagulation and inflammation properties. Enhanced sCD40L activity has been found in acute myocardial infarction, especially in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The impact of this enhancement on the degree of myocardial damage remains uncertain, although evidence suggests association between sCD40L level and high burden coronary thrombus.Objective: The aim of this study was to find out whether serum sCD40L level on-admission is predictive of subsequent myocardial damage following acute myocardial infarction.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. We consecutively enrolled patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to ICCU Dr. Sardjito Hospital with onset < 24 hours. Blood collection for analysis of sCD40L was withdrawn on-admission before revascularization and heparinization. Serial measurement of creatine kinase (CK-MBllevel in first 24 hours of admission was conducted, the highest level was considered a peak level that reflected myocardial damage. Troponin I was measured in single sample during 72 hours of admission. The association between serum sCD40L and peak CK-MB level was analyzed with Pearson correlation test. Statistical significancy was determined by p value < 0.05.Result: We enrolled 54 consecutive subjects, among them 37 subjects was STEM!. There was a significantly positive correlation between on-admission sCD40L and peak CK-MB level (r = 0.320 ; p value = 0.0201. Nonetheless, sCD40L did not correlate with troponin I level. In STEM I, this correlation was stronger (r = 0.424; p value = 0.0101 and even more stronger in patients with STEMI who underwent revascularization therapy (r = 0.515 ; p value = 0.0291.Conclusion: On-admission serum sCD40L level is predictive of subsequent myocardial damage following acute myocardial infarctionKey words: soluble CD40 ligand - platelet activation - acute myocardial infarction - peak CK-MB myocardial damage
The correlation between TAM,MVD, VEGF andMMP-9 expressions among various histological progression, histological grading and staging of breast cancer Angelina Septiana, Brian Arditya M, Irianiwati, Harijadi Surendra Prabawa, Yulius Hermanto
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 01 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Breast cancer may progress from an atypical lesion. Angiogenesis has an important role in thegrowth, invasion and metastasis of breast cancer, which can be reflected through the microvasculardensity (MVD). Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are stromal cells that can produce proangiogenicfactor such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and induce matrixmetalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) for degrading extracellular matrix and basement membrane.Angiogenesis in breast cancer progression and its relationship with histological grading as wellas its staging need to be defined and thus, cancer therapy and prognosis can be determinedmore accurately. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between TAM, MVD,VEGF and MMP-9 expressions among fibrocystic lesion, atypical lesion and breast cancer, andits correlation with histological grading and staging of breast cancer. Using a cross-sectionalstudy, a total of 50 paraffin embedded tissues of fibrocystic lesion, atypical lesion and breastcancer were chosen in this study. Those specimens were stained immunohistochemically withmonoclonal antibody (MoAb) anti CD68, von Willebrand factor (vWF), VEGF and MMP-9. Theexpressions of VEGF and MMP-9 were counted from the mean numbers of positive tumor cells.TAMs were counted from numbers of macrophages which expressed CD-68. MVDs were countedfrom numbers of microvessels whose endothelial cells expressed vWF, using the AverageMicrovessels Count ( AMC) method. The correlation of both markers and different type of breastlesions were analyzed by using Pearson correlation. There were statistically significant correlationsbetween TAM (r=0.760; p=0.000), MVD (r=0.659; p=0.000), and MMP-9 (r=0.518; p=0.000),among several breast lesions and histological grade of breast cancer. The highest of theirexpressions was found in the poor grade of cancers. There were statistically significant correlationsbetween TAM (r=0.581; p=0.000), VEGF (r=0.443; p=0.001) and MVD (r=0.566; p=0.000)among fibrocystic, atypical lesion and stage II - III of breast cancer. VEGF expression was notsignificantly correlated with several histological grade of breast cancer and the highest of itsexpression was only found in atypical lesion. This study has suggested that TAM, MVD, VEGFand MMP-9 expressions might play an important role in the histological progression, histologicalgrading and staging of breast cancer. The highest expression of VEGF in atypical breast lesionsupported the fact that angiogenic switch already started in the early stage and grade of breastcancer.
High number of granzyme B expressing CTLs predicts worst prognosis of nasopharygeal carcinoma patients Harijadi, Harijadi
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 40, No 01 (2008)
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Abstract

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) characteristically harbors many tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. In biopsies of Hodgkin or anaplastic large cell lymphoma many activated CTLs are related to a very poor clinical outcome, suggesting that in these cases with a strong CTL mediated anti-tumor cell response, selection occurs for tumor cells that have become resistant to CTL and chemo and/or radiotherapy induced apoptosis. Only activated CTLs and natural killer cells express granzyme B.Objective. Since, similar to lymphomas, the prognosis of NPC patients depends primarily on the sensitivity of tumor cells to radio- and/or chemotherapy, this study investigated whether the presence of many tumor-infiltrating activated CTLs in tumor biopsies also predicts poor prognosis in NPC patients.Methods: The study investigated 39 specimens of Indonesian NPC patients that fulfilled the following criteria; no evidence of distant metastases at the time of diagnosis, and complete remission following complete radio- and/or chemotherapy. Number of tumor-infiltrating activated CTLs was detected using a combination of antibodies against granzyme Band CD3, CD8 and CD56.Results: The presence of a high number of tumor infiltrating activated CTLs expressing granzyme B appeared to be a very strong predictor of a rapid fatal clinical outcome. Its prognostic value was stronger than and independent from the other prognostic makers; age and clinical TNM stage at presentation. Prognosis was found to decline strongly with increasing percentage of activated CTLs. The most informative cut-off value was found to be 25%. The median overall survival time of patients with
Comparison of the Diagnostic Test of Leukocyte Count, Percentage of Neurtrophyl, and C-Reactive protein (CRP) in Adult Patients With Simple and Complicated Acute Appendicitis Ishandono Dachlan, Imam Sofii Agus Barmawi
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 39, No 01 (2007)
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Abstract

Background: acute appendicitis is one of the acute abdomen conditions that needs an emergency surgical procedure to prevent severe complication. If the perforation is present, the complications are general peritonitis, abscess and postoperative complication such as fistula and operative wound infection. Late diagnosis can increase the mortality and morbidity. There are about 11.2%-30% cases with intestinal perforation caused by late diagnosis. The leukocyte count, percentage of neutrophyl and C-reactive protein (CRP) are valuable informations to diagnose the perforation and nonperforation acute appendicitis in adult patients.Method: a prospective cross sectional study was held on diagnostic test from patients database for acute appendicitis cases in Digestive Surgery Subdivision of Dr Sardjito Hospital from December 2005 until October 2006. The data was classified as simple and complicated acute appendicitis based on the histopathology result. Eighty two were found for both groups which fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The diagnostic test Le. sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV), Likelihood Ratio (LR +), Likelihood Ratio (LR-I, accuracy and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) with area under the curve (AUC) were analyzed for the leukocyte count, neutrophyl, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in each group with histopathology result as a gold standard.Result: the leukocyte count, neutrophyl and C-reactive protein (CRP) had respectively sensitivity of: 70,07%; 74,54%; 89,09%; specificity 70,37%; 70,37%; 81,48%; Positive Predictive Value (PPV): 82,97%; 83,67%; 90,74%; Negative Predictive Value (NPV) 54,28%; 57,57%; 78,57%; Likelihood Ratio (LR+) 2,36%; 2,51 %; 4,56%, Likelihood Ratio (LR-) 0,42%; 0,22%; 0,13%, area under the curve (AUC) 0,797; 0,744; 0,891, and accuracy 70,73%; 73,17%, 86,56%.Conclusion: C-reactive protein (CRP) was a better diagnostic test to differ simple from complicated acute appendicitis in adult patient compared to leukocyte count and neutrophy!.Key words: simple and complicated acute appendicitis, leukocyte cout, neutrophyl, C- reactive protein
The effect of fitness dance for elderly on stature/arm span ratio of non-trained old women in Y ogyakarta M. Mansyur Romi, Santosa Budiharjo Djoko Prakosa
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 40, No 03 (2008)
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Abstract

Background: Aging process causes changes of the body composition, body posture, and physical performance. In elderly people, the decrease in muscle mass, muscle strength, and flexibility of body segments reduce the maximum height at the upright standing position.Objectives: This study was aimed to find out the effects of fitness dance for elderly (FDE) on stature/arm span ratio of non-trained old women in Yogyakarta.Methods: Pretest and posttest control design was used. The samples consisted of 30 non-trained healthy old women of Yogyakarta, aged 60-70 years. They were classified into three groups, each consisted of 10 women, namely: Group I (GI) was given FDE 3 days a week. Group II (Gill was given FDE 2 days a week, and non-treatment control group (CG). FDE is a low impact aerobic exercise, created by Association of Indonesian Sports Women, Yogyakarta Branch. The FDE in this research wasthe D series (low impact aerobic). The treatment was performed for 8 weeks, 40-54 minutes in each session. The intensity of exercise was maintained at 70-79% of maximal heart rate by controlling the musical beat. Before and after treatment (in the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th week), the subjects were measured using the stature and arm length anthropometry. This study was conducted in April-June 2003 at Kotagede, Yogyakarta.Results: The one way variance analysis among groups revealed that the ratio of stature/arm span was significantly improved (p
Pharmacokinetic profile of iron serum after ingestion of ferrous sulfate tablet 2 300 mg taken shortly after meal and 2 hours after meal in women with iron deficiency anaemia L.Hakim, E.Kristin M.Hakimi, S.K.Soejono
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 39, No 02 (2007)
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Abstract

Background: Iron supplementation is a common strategy used to control iron deficiency anaemia in developing countries. Despite of that, the prevalence of anaemia is still high. Several factors causing the failure of iron supplementation program were reported. The increase in haemoglobin concentration after iron supplementation was determined by several factors, that is, the dose, iron absorption, body iron store, diet, food, and pregnancy. There had been studies on iron pharmacokinetic profile after ingestion of iron tablet taken shortly after meal compared to 2 hours after meal in healthy women, but there was no study on women with iron deficiency anaemia.Aim: The aim of this study was to find out the effect of ferrous suphate @ 300 mg taken shortly after meal and 2 hours after meal on the iron pharmacokinetic profile in women with iron deficiency anaemia.Materials and method: This study was conducted with cross-over design, so that every subject had 2 interventions with an interval (washed-out period) of 7 days. In intervention 1, ferrous sulfate tablet @ 300 mg was taken shortly after meal, and in intervention 2, the tablet was taken 2 hours after meal. Serum samples were taken serially at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5. 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours after taking iron tablets. Ferric iron concentration in serum was determined by Vitros Fe Slides method, and iron pharmacokinetic profile was determined using non-compartmental method.Result: The values of pharmacokinetic parameter from the first and second interventions were compared by t test, and the result (mean:t SEMI were: Cmox 274.25 :t 28.18 and 232.92 :t 33.25 ug/dl, T mox 3.21:t 0.30 and 4.25 :t 0.64 hours, K.0.437 :t 0.0011 and 0.3808 :t 0.0065 hour" Kel 0.1375 :t 0.0132 and 0.1855 :t 0.0048 hour". T/2e 5.76 :t 0.74 and 5.81 :t 1.16 hours and AUCO-,2 2157.37 :t 264.55 and 1869.54 :t 330.60 ug/dl.hours. There are no significant differences in all pharmacokinetic parameters between both interventions.Conclusion: There are no differences in iron pharmacokinetic profiles after ferrous sulfate tablet @ 300 mg taken after meal and 2 hours after meal in women with iron deficiency anaemiaKata kunci:iron concentration, pharmacokinetics, ferrous sulfate, anemia, effect of food
Effect of homocysteine and antioxidants on peroxidation lipid of essential hypertension in Central Java Indonesia Rizka H Asdie, Mohammad Hakimi, Sunarti Ria Maudisa
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 40, No 04 (2008)
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Background: The increase in the homocysteine level is related to the heightening of blood pressure and hypertension risk. Hyperhomocysteinemia encourages the production of free radical which can oxidi2e lipid. Lipid peroxidation can be prevented by several antioxidant such as vitamin C and E.Objective: This study is aimed at finding out the nature of the interaction effect between homocysteine and antioxidant vitamins on malondialdehyde level in essential hypertension.Method: This study was a case-control nested to NSurveiliance of Non-Communicable DiseasesN in Purworejo, Central Java. The subjects were men, essential hypertension and 20-60 years old that have normal value of urine creatinine, blood glucose, cholesterol and triacylglycerol. They have been take antihypertension drugs. The blood glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, urine creatinine, vitamin C and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured by spectrophotometer. Whereas the total plasma homocysteine and vitamin E were determined by HPLC.Result: The homocysteine level in the cases was higher than that of the control and was significantly different (P = 0,027). There were not significantly different of the vitamin C, vitamin E, and MDA between the cases and the control (P=0.538, P=0.390, and P=0.536) respectively. The MDA was positively correlated with homocysteine (P=O.OOOI and negatively correlated with vitamin E (P=0.029), but it was not negatively significant correlated with vitamin C (P=0.0671. The correlation had r= 0.417; R2=0.174 and F=7.713.Conclusion: The high homocysteine level is one of hypertension risk factors and its effect through oxidative stress. The effect can be prevented by antioxidant vitamins, specially vitamin E.Key words: homocysteine - antioxidants - peroxidation lipid - essential hypertension - avanese

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