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INDONESIA
Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi
Published by Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
ISSN : 23033142     EISSN : 25488570     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Computer Science & IT Education
Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi(JST) is a journal aims to be a peer-reviewed platform and an authoritative source of information. We publish original research papers, review articles and case studies focused on Mathematic, Biology, Physic, Chemistry, Informatic, Electronic and Machine as well as related topics. All papers are peer-reviewed by at least two referees. JST is managed to be issued twice in every volume.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 694 Documents
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Hydrogen Fuel Cell: Experimental Study of the Generated Voltage Filian Arbiyani; Albertus Sentosa; Eugenia Limmuel
JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jst-undiksha.v14i3.102174

Abstract

In recent years, global energy supply has remained heavily dependent on fossil fuels, highlighting the urgent need for renewable and clean energy sources. One promising alternative is hydrogen fuel cell technology. This study aims to examine the effect of variations in the electrode cross-sectional area immersed in the electrolyte on the electrical voltage generated by a hydrogen fuel cell system. The research employed an experimental method using two types of electrodes: ASTM C561 as the anode and AISI 304 stainless steel as the cathode. Three experimental variables were investigated, namely the percentage of electrode cross-sectional area immersed in the electrolyte, the concentration level of NaHCO₃, and the duration of electrical input applied to generate hydrogen and oxygen. The results indicate that at 100% immersion of the electrode cross-sectional area with a 50% NaHCO₃ concentration, the generated voltages were 1.91 V at 30 seconds, 1.93 V at 60 seconds, and 2.12 V at 90 seconds. The findings demonstrate that the hydrogen fuel cell is capable of producing stable and relatively constant electrical voltage, consistent with the principles of electrochemical reactions between hydrogen and oxygen. The experimental results further reveal that the magnitude of the generated voltage is influenced by factors such as hydrogen concentration, electrode surface area, as well as system temperature and humidity. The implications of this study provide a strong scientific basis for the potential utilization of hydrogen fuel cells as a clean and sustainable energy source. These findings may serve as a reference for the development of environmentally friendly alternative energy technologies, particularly in efforts to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate carbon emissions.
Pengaruh Literasi Digital terhadap Penggunaan Aplikasi Perlindungan Tanaman oleh Petani di Kabupaten Kebumen Larasati Puspita Saridewi; Awaludin ‘Abid
JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jst-undiksha.v14i3.102252

Abstract

Perkembangan teknologi digital dalam bidang pertanian menuntut petani untuk mampu memanfaatkan aplikasi perlindungan tanaman secara efektif. Namun, kenyataannya masih terdapat kesenjangan antara ketersediaan teknologi dengan tingkat literasi digital petani yang beragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi secara kritis tingkat literasi digital petani, menelaah secara mendalam pemanfaatan aplikasi perlindungan tanaman, serta menganalisis pengaruh literasi digital terhadap pemahaman dan penggunaan aplikasi tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain survei. Subjek penelitian melibatkan 120 petani milenial yang dipilih menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui wawancara terstruktur menggunakan kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari lembaga resmi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) dan regresi linier untuk menguji hubungan antarvariabel secara komprehensif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa literasi digital berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pemahaman petani terhadap aplikasi perlindungan tanaman, yang pada gilirannya meningkatkan tingkat penggunaan aplikasi tersebut. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa literasi digital merupakan indikator utama dalam keberhasilan adopsi teknologi perlindungan tanaman. Secara konseptual, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa peningkatan literasi digital menjadi prasyarat penting bagi keberlanjutan pemanfaatan teknologi pertanian. Implikasi hasil penelitian memberikan kontribusi pada pengembangan strategi pemberdayaan petani melalui pelatihan literasi digital, sekaligus membuka peluang penerapan teknologi yang lebih luas dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan.
Enhancing Photovoltaic Thermal Management using a Water-Cooled System and Fresnel Lens Concentrator Dewanto Harjunowibowo; Rini Iswandari; Nurcahya Pradana Taufik Prakisya; Teguh Pribadi Adinugroho; Dani Harmanto
JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jst-undiksha.v14i3.102364

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) solar cells continue to attract significant attention as a sustainable energy source due to their non-polluting nature, low operational costs, and minimal maintenance requirements. Despite these advantages, high operating temperatures remain a major factor that reduces PV efficiency and accelerates material degradation. PV cells exhibit optimal performance at specific temperature ranges under high solar irradiance; however, increased irradiance often leads to rapid temperature rise, potentially causing severe performance losses and material damage. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a water-cooled Fresnel lens (FL) concentrator on solar radiation absorption, heat dissipation, and overall PV efficiency. Water was circulated uniformly over the PV surface within an acrylic module, while a Fresnel lens was positioned above the module to focus incoming solar radiation. A water circulation capacity of 1 liter was employed and effectively insulated to minimize heat exchange with the surrounding environment, with a constant flow rate of 60 mL/min. Solar radiation of 420 Wh/m² generated by a halogen lamp beneath the Fresnel lens was used as the light source, and the experiment was conducted over a two-hour irradiation period. The results indicate that the Fresnel lens increased the incident solar power from the halogen lamp by approximately 20%. Moreover, the hybrid cooling–concentration technique reduced the front surface temperature of the PV panel by 14 °C and the rear surface temperature by 7 °C. However, the overall PV efficiency decreased by approximately 50%, primarily due to photon attenuation caused by the acrylic layer and the water flow. Despite this efficiency reduction, the hybrid system offers additional benefits, including extended PV lifespan and the potential utilization of the extracted excess heat for domestic applications.
Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System for Soil and Air using ESP32 on Non-Hydroponic Plants Nindy Gaby Sepang; Keith Francis Ratumbuisang; Josua Setdefit Tambanaung; Yeheskiel Kamasi
JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jst-undiksha.v14i3.102412

Abstract

The agricultural sector is increasingly confronted with serious challenges arising from climate variability, resource limitations, and the growing demand for sustainable food production. This study aims to design and evaluate an Internet of Things (IoT) based monitoring system for soil-based cultivation to address the lack of affordable and real-time environmental monitoring solutions for traditional farmers. Specifically, the research focuses on the design and implementation of an IoT-based system for monitoring soil and air temperature as well as soil moisture in non-hydroponic crops using an ESP32 microcontroller. This study adopts an applied research approach with a mixed-methods design, integrating quantitative sensor validation and system performance testing with qualitative assessments of system usability. The system was developed using an ESP32 microcontroller, a capacitive soil moisture sensor, a DS18B20 soil temperature sensor, and a DHT22 sensor for air temperature and humidity. Data were displayed locally on a 20×4 LCD and remotely via an ESP32-based web server. Field testing results demonstrate high accuracy (soil moisture R² = 0.94; temperature ±0.5 °C; humidity ±1.8%), stable system performance (99.8% uptime), and low power consumption (0.9 W), indicating suitability for resource-constrained environments. These findings suggest that the proposed low-cost monitoring system can empower farmers to improve resource-use efficiency, reduce water waste, and enhance crop productivity, while contributing to the advancement of sustainable precision agriculture.
Respiratory Monitoring System Using Plastic Optical Fiber Sensor Based on Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) Ida Laila; Arifin Arifin
JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jst-undiksha.v14i3.102421

Abstract

Respiratory disorders remain a major health concern because conventional monitoring systems are often invasive and expensive, which limits their accessibility for long-term use. The demand for non-invasive, low-cost, and reliable respiratory monitoring technologies is increasing, particularly those that can be integrated into smart healthcare systems. This study aimed to design, develop, and evaluate a respiratory monitoring system based on a spiral Plastic Optical Fiber (POF) sensor integrated with Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) technology. The research employed an experimental design with a quantitative approach. The test subject consisted of one adult participant who was assessed under three breathing conditions: normal, fast, and slow. Data were collected using a POF sensor connected to an Arduino Uno, a phototransistor, an XBee module, and a Raspberry Pi, after which the results were visualized. Data analysis was carried out through sensitivity and resolution calculations. The findings showed that the spiral POF configuration with three windings produced the best performance, with voltage amplitudes of 0.220 V (normal), 0.205 V (fast), and 0.186 V (slow). The corresponding sensitivity and resolution values were 0.412 V/s (0.002 s), 0.246 V/s (0.0040 s), and 0.619 V/s (0.0016 s). These results confirm that the developed system is simple to fabricate, cost-effective, highly sensitive, and capable of providing real-time, non-invasive respiratory monitoring. The study concludes that integrating POF-based sensors into the IoMT platform is feasible for application in smart healthcare services. Furthermore, the findings highlight the potential of POF-based respiratory sensors to be developed into affordable health monitoring technologies.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the Wastewater Treatment Plant of a Lead-Acid Battery Manufacturing Industry Yosef Barita Sar Manik; Surya Nita Zebua
JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jst-undiksha.v14i3.102724

Abstract

Liquid waste generated from lead–acid battery production contains hazardous pollutants and requires intensive treatment, which may lead to significant environmental impacts. This study aims to analyze the potential environmental impacts and to examine the contributing factors associated with the operation of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The research adopts an exploratory approach with a site-specific focus, using the WWTP of PT XYZ as the study object. Data were collected through on-site measurements, operational monitoring reports, and company records, which served as secondary data sources. Data analysis was conducted based on the four main stages of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The main findings indicate that electricity consumption and the use of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are the primary contributors to the potential environmental impacts of WWTP operations. The study concludes that the environmental hotspots within the WWTP in the study area are electricity consumption and NaOH usage. Simulation results demonstrate that a combined strategy involving the substitution of NaOH with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) and the implementation of solar panels can reduce potential environmental impacts by up to 71.92% compared to the business-as-usual scenario. This study provides practical guidance for lead acid battery manufacturers in reducing the potential environmental impacts of wastewater treatment operations.
Optimization of Graphite-ZnO-Based Conductive Ink Formulation with PVP-Chitosan Polymer Matrix for Printed Electrodes on Textile Substrates: Evaluation of Electrical Stability and Mechanical Durability Bintan Oktaviani; Hendra
JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jst-undiksha.v15i1.102833

Abstract

The development of wearable biosensors is hampered by the limited availability of mechanically stable, economical, and environmentally friendly conductive inks. Precious metal-based inks are expensive and unsustainable, while graphite inks often peel off from textiles due to poor adhesion and uneven particle distribution. Although PVP and chitosan have the potential to improve coating stability, their optimal combination has not been widely studied, especially in graphite-ZnO blend systems. This study aimed to optimize graphite-ZnO-based conductive ink formulations using a PVP-Chitosan polymer matrix for printed electrodes on textile substrates, including evaluation of electrical stability and mechanical durability. This study fills this gap by optimizing graphite-ZnO-based conductive ink formulations with PVP-chitosan matrix through screen printing on cotton fabric. Six compositions were tested for viscosity, printed, and then evaluated through bending (100 cycles), immersion (3 cycles), and washing (ISO 105-C06:2010) tests. Resistance was measured with a two-point probe multimeter and analyzed using multiple regression. Sample S6 (37% graphite, 10% ZnO, 8% PVP, 5% chitosan, 40% ethanol) showed the best stability: resistance changes of 95.32% (bending), 6.6% (immersion), and -60.06% (washing). PVP proved to be the most effective in enhancing coating resistance. This formulation is worthy of being developed as a flexible electrode for wearable biosensors.
Characteristics of Bentonite Anti-Impurity Liquid Bath Soap Emi Erawati; Anisa ur Rahmah; Safira Rijka Ardima; Syahrani Shabrina Dewantari
JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jst-undiksha.v15i1.102846

Abstract

Contact between human skin and a source of uncleanliness, such as dog saliva, requires a special purification method. The addition of bentonite as a substitute for clay in soap preparations makes the washing process more practical. The purpose of this study was to analyse the characteristics of anti-impurity liquid bath soap from bentonite. Data analysis in this study was conducted using a non-factorial Randomised Block Design (RBD) approach. This study was conducted by varying the ratio of bentonite to glycerin (3:10, 4:9, and 5:8 w/w), stirring speed (200, 400, and 600 rpm), sucrose solution concentration (20, 30, and 40% w/v), and stirring time (30, 45, and 60 minutes). The formulation of the soap preparation must be adjusted to meet the quality standards for liquid bath soap, including pH, viscosity, specific gravity, foam height, free fatty acid content, and total plate count for microbial contamination. Based on the research results, the optimal bentonite-to-glycerin ratio was 5:8 (w/w), the stirring speed was 200 rpm, the sucrose solution concentration was 20% (w/v), and the stirring time was 45 or 60 minutes. From the research results, the pH value was also obtained, ranging from 8.17 to 10, viscosity was 500 to 1226 cPs, specific gravity was between 1.01 and 1.05 g/mL, foam height was 74.73 – 89.34 mm, free fatty acid value was ranging from 0.56 2.49%, and the total plate count value of microbial contamination was 0 colonies/mL. The implications of this research can serve as a reference for developing anti-impurity liquid bath soap under optimal formulation and operating conditions, thereby producing high-quality products.
Implementasi Sistem Internet of Things (IoT) Berbasis Energi Terbarukan Untuk Deteksi Kebakaran Irvando Aldo Renaldy; Rahmi Hidayati; Kartika Sari
JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jst-undiksha.v14i3.102871

Abstract

Kebakaran merupakan permasalahan serius yang berdampak pada lingkungan, kesehatan, dan aktivitas masyarakat, khususnya di daerah yang tidak memiliki infrastruktur listrik maupun internet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sistem deteksi kebakaran berbasis IoT yang mampu beroperasi secara mandiri menggunakan energi panel surya tanpa ketergantungan pada jaringan internet. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Research and Development (R&D) dengan tahapan identifikasi masalah, studi literatur, perancangan, pengembangan, pengujian, dan evaluasi. Subjek penelitian berupa satu perangkat prototipe yang terdiri atas mikrokontroler ESP32, sensor AMG8833 untuk thermal sensing, DHT22 untuk memantau suhu dan kelembaban panel box, MAX6675 untuk mengukur suhu lingkungan, serta MQ2 untuk mendeteksi konsentrasi gas. Sistem diuji pada tiga skenario uji coba (tanpa api, api kecil, dan api sedang) guna mengamati sensitivitas sensor dan kestabilan komunikasi data. Data sensor dikumpulkan melalui komunikasi LoRa dari perangkat transmiter ke penerima, kemudian diolah dan ditampilkan pada web dashboard berbasis Laravel. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif-komparatif dengan membandingkan perubahan nilai sensor pada kondisi normal dan kondisi kebakaran. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu mendeteksi adanya api melalui peningkatan suhu termal dan konsentrasi gas, serta dapat beroperasi secara kontinu dengan suplai energi panel surya rata-rata 12 V/10 Wp. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sistem yang dikembangkan efektif untuk mendeteksi kebakaran pada kondisi terbatas infrastruktur, sekaligus dapat beroperasi secara mandiri tanpa listrik eksternal.
Digital Image Authentication using Selective LSB Watermarking Based on Intensity and Random Keys Arifa Fitri Dzakia; Lusia Rakhmawati
JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jst-undiksha.v14i3.102900

Abstract

The authenticity and integrity of digital images are often threatened by unauthorized manipulation that can obscure the source and validity of visual data. Weaknesses in conventional watermarking methods cause watermarks to be easily damaged when images undergo compression, noise, or geometric transformation. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of a selective Least Significant Bit (LSB)-based watermarking method combined with a random key generation algorithm. This type of research is quantitative experimental research with a structured experimental evaluation design. The research subjects consisted of 90 test digital images covering variations in smooth, raw, and edge intensities. Data were collected through simulation-based computational testing, while the research instruments included the objective metrics PSNR, SSIM, MSE, and BER, which had been validated through replication reliability testing. Data analysis was performed using a descriptive statistical approach and a comparison of performance between image attack conditions to assess the stability of the watermarking results. The results show that watermark insertion in areas of smooth intensity provides the best resistance and invisibility. The conclusion of the study indicates that the intensity-based selective LSB watermarking method with random keys is effective for improving the security and reliability of digital image authentication. The implications of this research confirm that this approach has the potential to be applied to image authentication systems in devices with computational limitations, such as medical systems, digital archives, and IoT applications, to strengthen the traceability and integrity of visual data.

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