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Insignia: Journal of International Relations
Published by Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
ISSN : 20891962     EISSN : 25979868     DOI : -
Core Subject : Humanities, Art,
Arts Humanities
Insignia Journal of International Relations is published biannually (April & November) by Laboratorium of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University. This journal contains articles or publications from all issues of International Relations such as: International Politics, Foreign Policy, Security Studies, International Political Economy, Transnational Studies, Area Studies & Non-traditional Issues.
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Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 12 No 2 (2025): November 2025" : 6 Documents clear
Sushi Diplomacy as an Instrument of Gastrodiplomacy Implications for Japan’s Public Diplomacy and National Identity Setiawan, Roy; Purnomo, Muhammad Aditya; Nihayati, Arina
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 12 No 2 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2025.12.2.15555

Abstract

This study examines the strategic use of sushi as a central instrument in Japan’s gastrodiplomacy, aiming to enhance public diplomacy, soft power, and national identity on the global stage. Utilizing a qualitative case study design combined with media discourse analysis, the research maps the engagement of state and non-state actors—including government agencies, renowned chefs, international restaurants, and digital media platforms—in shaping cultural narratives through culinary diplomacy. Data are drawn from policy documents, academic literature, global media sources, and digital trend analysis via Brand24. The findings reveal that sushi serves not only as a gastronomic product but also as a cultural symbol representing Japanese values, including aesthetics, omotenashi (hospitality), health consciousness, and craftsmanship. Cross-sector collaborations have fostered a dynamic diplomatic ecosystem that advances Japan’s cultural positioning while stimulating trade and tourism. Challenges persist in managing authenticity and commercialization, particularly in markets where sushi has undergone significant local adaptation. Compared to gastrodiplomacy campaigns such as Thai Select and Kimchi Diplomacy, Japan’s approach is marked by strategic flexibility and a commitment to preserving culinary heritage. This study enriches scholarly discourse by providing a comprehensive conceptual mapping of sushi diplomacy as a geopolitical tool and cultural branding strategy, offering practical insights for policymakers and cultural practitioners seeking to leverage cuisine in international engagement. Keywords: sushi diplomacy, gastrodiplomacy, soft power, public diplomacy, cultural identity
Global Governance on The Responses Toward Illegal Organ Transplantation and Trafficking in Pakistan Numadi, Katong Ragawi; Maharani, Ni Putu Devi
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 12 No 2 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2025.12.2.17085

Abstract

Illegal organ trafficking is a complex transnational criminal issue faced by Pakistan. The process of globalization, coupled with various socio-political and economic problems, has created the preconditions for the rapid growth of human organ trafficking in several regions in Pakistan. Consequently, the number of cases and victims of illegal organ transplantation and trafficking in Pakistan continues to rise. This study aims to analytically describe several efforts to combat the existence of illegal organ trafficking criminal networks in Pakistan within a global governance framework. The efforts involve not only strengthening Pakistani government policies but also implementing international cooperation and initiatives from civil society organizations and networks. In examining the global governance aspects of addressing transnational illegal organ trafficking in Pakistan, this study employs a descriptive qualitative method by using a literature review technique. The initial research revealed that the Pakistani government has taken various measures to eradicate illegal organ trafficking criminal networks in Pakistan. One of which is the creation of specific national legal regulations, which become the basis for strengthening preventive policies and intensifying prosecution actions. Internationally, Pakistan actively participates in a series of international anti-human trafficking and anti-organ trafficking frameworks and protocols. Meanwhile, the role of civil society organizations, particularly from medical professionals such as the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT Pakistan), cannot be ignored in the advocacy and legislative processes to address the threat of transnational human organ trafficking in Pakistan. Keywords: Pakistan, Transplantation, Organ Trafficking, THOTA.
China’s Export Reform Strategy in Response to the United States National Defense Authorization Act of 2019 Treasa, Naoka Zayna; Darmastuti, Shanti
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 12 No 2 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2025.12.2.17091

Abstract

The enactment of the United States’ National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) 2019, particularly Article 889, created significant non-tariff pressure on China’s high-tech export sector by restricting the procurement and use of products from major Chinese technology firms. This situation raised concerns about China’s export vulnerability and the long-term implications of geopolitical trade tensions. This study aims to examine China’s export reform strategies formulated in response to the NDAA, focusing on institutional coordination, financial support mechanisms, fiscal incentives, and the development of high-tech industrial ecosystems. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were collected through literature review of policy documents, academic publications, and official reports, complemented by interviews with a China political expert and an Indonesian diplomat specializing in Asia–Pacific economic affairs. The findings reveal that China’s policy adjustments were not reactive measures but components of a long-term industrial strategy. The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) played a central coordinating role in aligning fiscal, industrial, and diplomatic instruments. Strengthened financing through Sinosure and the Export-Import Bank of China, combined with increased export tax rebates and industrial zone incentives, enabled high-tech firms to diversify markets and sustain competitiveness. The study concludes that China’s export reform reflects a strategic model of state-led resilience, demonstrating how coordinated institutional policies can mitigate external trade shocks and maintain export stability amid intensifying geopolitical competition. Keywords: China, export support, NDAA 2019, non-tariff protectionism
Pathways of Continuity: Indonesia’s Role in Southeast Asia’s Refugee Governance Prabandari, Atin; Ketaren, Emma Seruni; Segara, Balya Arung
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 12 No 2 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2025.12.2.17940

Abstract

This article interrogates the enduring character of non-binding, sovereignty-centric refugee governance across Southeast Asia by analyzing the role of Indonesia within two principal displacement episodes: the Indochinese refugee crisis (1975–1996) and the ongoing Rohingya crisis. Applying the analytical lens of historical institutionalism and foregrounding the notion of path dependency, the account demonstrates how operational norms forged under the Comprehensive Plan of Action—including temporary humanitarian shelter, conditional burden redistribution, and the construal of displacement as a temporary aberration—have resurfaced in Indonesia’s present-day posture. Archival records, policy tracts, and a selective review of the secondary literature furnish a reconstruction of Jakarta’s stewardship of the Galang Island camp and an assessment of its recent practices toward the Rohingya, encompassing semi-offshore rescues and deference to international humanitarian actors. The inquiry substantiates profound institutional and normative continuities that circumscribe Indonesia’s capacity and readiness to construct durable, rights-respecting protection frameworks, notwithstanding a shifting geopolitical and humanitarian tableau. By embedding Indonesia’s trajectory within the regional governance matrix, the study illuminates historical legacies that continue to inform Southeast Asian refugee policy and underscores the constraints afflicting reactive, episodic cooperation in the face of protracted displacement. Keywords: Indochinese refugee, Indonesia, refugee crisis, refugee governance, Rohingya refugee, Southeast Asia
Grey Zone Escalation: How China’s Hybrid Warfare is Reshaping Taiwan’s Security Sinaga, Tinggi Marojahan
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 12 No 2 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2025.12.2.19396

Abstract

AbstractGrey-zone conflict and hybrid warfare have become increasingly prominent forms of strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific region, particularly in cross-strait relations. Unlike conventional conflicts marked by open warfare, grey-zone strategies operate below the threshold of war through ambiguous, incremental, and multi-domain coercive actions. In the context of Taiwan, China's pressure extends beyond military demonstrations to include information operations, cyberattacks, economic coercion, and maritime activities aimed at undermining political stability and weakening overall security resilience. This evolving environment suggests that Taiwan's security challenges have become more complex. This study examines two key issues: (1) how China's grey-zone strategy and hybrid warfare shape Taiwan's national security policies, and (2) the dominant forms of China's hybrid warfare tactics within grey-zone operations and their implications for Taiwan's security stability. The author employs a qualitative, descriptive-analytical approach, focusing on Taiwan. Moreover, data were collected through document-based research and media tracking, official statements, credible international news sources, and relevant academic literature. The data were analysed using Miles and Huberman's qualitative data analysis framework, which comprises data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification, to ensure a comprehensive analysis. The findings suggest that China's grey-zone escalation has driven significant adjustments in Taiwan's security policy, shifting from a primarily conventional defense orientation toward a broader framework of comprehensive security and national resilience. This shift is reflected in Taiwan's increasing emphasis on cybersecurity, counter-disinformation measures, and critical infrastructure protection. Moreover, information operations, cyber pressure, and military exercises emerge as the most dominant hybrid tactics employed by China. These tactics intensify the complexity of Taiwan's security environment, affecting both national defense priorities and socio-political resilience. In conclusion, China's grey-zone and hybrid warfare strategies function not only as coercive instruments but also as mechanisms that gradually reshape Taiwan's security agenda. Keywords: Cross-Strait Relations, Grey Zone Strategy, Hybrid Warfare, Taiwan's Security, Cybersecurity AbstrakFenomena konflik grey-zone dan hybrid warfare semakin menonjol sebagai bentuk kompetisi strategis di kawasan Indo-Pasifik, khususnya dalam hubungan lintas selat (cross-strait relations) antara Cina dan Taiwan. Berbeda dengan konflik konvensional yang ditandai dengan perang terbuka, strategi grey-zone beroperasi di bawah ambang perang melalui tindakan koersif yang bersifat ambigu, bertahap, dan multidomain. Dalam konteks Taiwan, tekanan China tidak hanya terbatas pada demonstrasi kekuatan militer, tetapi juga mencakup operasi informasi, serangan siber, koersi ekonomi, serta aktivitas maritim yang bertujuan melemahkan stabilitas politik dan ketahanan keamanan Taiwan. Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa tantangan keamanan Taiwan telah bergeser menuju “era normal baru” yang semakin kompleks. Penelitian ini menganalisis dua isu utama, yaitu: (1) bagaimana strategi grey-zone dan hybrid warfare China membentuk kebijakan keamanan nasional Taiwan, serta (2) bentuk-bentuk taktik hybrid warfare China dalam operasi grey-zone terhadap Taiwan dan implikasinya terhadap stabilitas keamanan Taiwan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif-analitis dengan berfokus pada Taiwan. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi dokumentasi dan media tracking, yang mencakup dokumen kebijakan, pernyataan resmi, sumber berita internasional, serta literatur akademik yang relevan. Data dianalisis menggunakan kerangka analisis kualitatif Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan dan verifikasi kesimpulan untuk menghasilkan analisis yang komprehensif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eskalasi strategi grey-zone China mendorong penyesuaian signifikan dalam kebijakan keamanan Taiwan, dari orientasi pertahanan konvensional menuju kerangka keamanan komprehensif berbasis ketahanan nasional. Perubahan ini tercermin dalam meningkatnya perhatian Taiwan terhadap keamanan siber, kebijakan kontra-disinformasi, dan perlindungan infrastruktur kritis. Selain itu, operasi informasi, tekanan siber, dan latihan militer muncul sebagai taktik hibrida paling dominan yang digunakan China. Taktik tersebut memperbesar kompleksitas ancaman keamanan Taiwan, baik pada aspek pertahanan nasional maupun ketahanan sosial-politik. Dengan demikian, strategi grey-zone dan hybrid warfare China berfungsi tidak hanya sebagai instrumen tekanan, tetapi juga sebagai mekanisme yang secara gradual membentuk ulang agenda keamanan Taiwan.
Change and Continuity in Indonesia's Foreign Policy: Food Security Strategic Agenda from President Jokowi to Prabowo Administration Firdaus, Muhammad Jullyo Bagus
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 12 No 2 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2025.12.2.19400

Abstract

Abstract Food security has become a part of a non-traditional international security issue. The uncertainty surrounding global crises over the past five years has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic began. Then, it was further compounded by geopolitical conflicts and supply chain disruptions. This paper analyses the dynamics of change and continuity in Indonesian foreign policy, focusing on food security under the President Joko Widodo administration and the President Prabowo Subianto administration. Additionally, this study uses a qualitative approach, drawing on document analysis and policy narratives. This study examines how Indonesia’s food security orientation has shifted during the national leadership transition, employing a change-and-continuity analysis. The research findings indicate continuity in positioning food security as a strategic national interest, while changes occur in policy orientation and framing under two different leaderships. On the one hand, in President Joko Widodo’s era, food security is constructed inwardly with the food estate program. Then, it is built outwardly through the internationalization of the issue. On the other hand, it is rearticulated inwardly as a foundation for national resilience and strategic independence, as reflected in policy articulations such as the Free Nutritious Meal Program (Makan Bergizi Gratis), which is the main strategic agenda of President Prabowo. This article argues that these dynamics reflect a pattern of change without rupture in Indonesian foreign policy, in which policy shifts occur gradually without diminishing ongoing strategic interests. Jakarta still uses an inward-looking paradigm to advance its national interests amid shifting administrations. Keywords: continuity, foreign policy change, food security, non-traditional security, Indonesia’s foreign policy. Abstrak Keamanan pangan telah menjadi bagian dari isu keamanan internasional non-tradisional. Ketidakpastian krisis global lima tahun terakhir, sejak terjadinya pandemi global COVID-19 ditambah munculnya konflik geopolitik dan gangguan rantai pasokan. Makalah ini menganalisis dinamika perubahan dan kontinuitas dalam kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia, khususnya terkait keamanan pangan dari pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo hingga Presiden Prabowo Subianto. Selain itu, studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis dokumen dan narasi kebijakan. Studi ini menunjukkan bagaimana orientasi ketahanan pangan Indonesia telah bergeser dalam konteks transisi kepemimpinan nasional, dengan menggunakan analisis perubahan dan kontinuitas. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan kontinuitas dalam memposisikan keamanan pangan sebagai kepentingan nasional strategis, sementara perubahan terjadi pada tingkat orientasi dan kerangka kebijakan dari dua kepemimpinan. Di satu sisi, pada masa pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo, keamanan pangan dibangun secara domestik dengan program food estate, sedangkan secara eksternal melalui internasionalisasi isu. Sementara itu, ketahanan pangan diartikulasikan kembali secara internal sebagai fondasi ketahanan nasional dan kemandirian strategis, sebagaimana tercermin dalam artikulasi kebijakan seperti Program Makan Gratis Bergizi sebagai agenda strategis utama era Presiden Prabowo. Artikel ini berpendapat bahwa dinamika ini mencerminkan pola perubahan tanpa putus dalam kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia, di mana perubahan kebijakan terjadi secara bertahap tanpa mengurangi kepentingan strategis yang berkelanjutan. Jakarta masih menggunakan paradigma yang berorientasi ke dalam negeri untuk mencapai kepentingan nasionalnya pada perubahan pemerintahan. Kata kunci: kontinuitas, perubahan kebijakan luar negeri, keamanan pangan, keamanan non-tradisional, kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia.

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