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Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
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Core Subject : Engineering,
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (Buletin Teknik Elektro dan Informatika) ISSN: 2089-3191, e-ISSN: 2302-9285 is open to submission from scholars and experts in the wide areas of electrical, electronics, instrumentation, control, telecommunication and computer engineering from the global world. The journal publishes original papers in the field of electrical, computer and informatics engineering.
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Articles 2,901 Documents
Textile-based flexible linear-to-circular polarizing surface for sband pico-satellites Hidayath Mirza; Ping Jack Soh; Azremi Abdullah Al-Hadi; Toufiq Md Hossain; Rais Ahmad Sheikh; Mohd Faizal Jamlos
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 1: March 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (653.601 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i1.1406

Abstract

This paper presents a single layered textile-based flexible linear-to-circular polarizing surface. The proposed structure is designed based on a rectangular ring structure for CubeSat application in the S-band. Each unit cell is sized at 0.35λ×0.33λ×0.2λ for operation centered at 2.2 GHz. This unit cell is then multiplied into a 9x10 array to form the polarizing surface. It features a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 34.73%, with a minimum AR of 0.28 dB. Besides that, it also offers a 90 % conversion efficiency bandwidth of up to 47.34%. The proposed structure’s performance is validated by placing it in front of a patch antenna operating at 2.2 GHz. The antenna performance indicated an increase in terms of gain from 3.14 dBi to 7.33 dBi when integrated with the polarizing surface, besides successfully converting linearly-polarized waves to circularly-polarized.
Radio frequency radiation measurement for base tower station safety compliances: a case study in Pulau Pinang Malaysia M. Khuzairi; H. A. Rahim; M. Abdulmalek; M. Nazri M. Warip
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 1: March 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (518.417 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i1.1407

Abstract

The residence of Pulau Pinang and Malaysia generally are worried with the possible health effects due to Base Tower Station (BTS) radiation. Particularly, the residents of Pulau Pinang are utilizing their mobile phones for multiple kind of tasks including communications, browsing the internet and other applications. With the recent advances in mobile communication technologies, the end user demanded a better coverage, great communication services, and faster speed for internet browsing. To fulfill the demand, service provider and communication companies are providing plenty of communication base tower leading to the beliefs of that the tower emitted radiation and cause harmful effect to human health and voiced out and complain to the municipal councils in Malaysia. In this paper, a measurement was conducted to study electromagnetic fields (EMF) radiation level in Pulau Pinang. The measurement is compared with the international standard provided by International Commission of Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Far field measurement of different values of long term evolution (LTE) exposure was demonstrated in radiofrequency (RF) shielded environment. LTE850, LTE1800 and LTE2600 field exposure was compared in term of its’ electrical field and power density that adhere to the standard provided by ICNIRP.
Performance evaluation of 2-port MIMO LTE-U terminal antenna with user’s hand effect Ahmed Mohamed Elshirkasi; Azremi Abdullah Al-Hadi; Rizwan Khan; Ping Jack Soh
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 1: March 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (803.398 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i1.1408

Abstract

This paper presents the performance evaluation of 2-port MIMO antenna for LTE-U sub 6 GHz band. The evaluation focuses on the effect of user’s hand in a uniform environment and the analysis were carried out on simulation and measurement data of antenna ports. Results show that the highest performance of the design is on the frequency range from 4.5 GHz to 5.5 GHz, and the ports have low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) less than 0.16 in both cases of without and with user’s hand. However, the presence of the user’s hand reduces mean effective gain (MEG) of ports and diversity combining gain by more than 1.6 dB compared with no-hand case. The multiplexing efficiency is around 81% and reduced by the presence of the user’s hand to 55%. Despite this reduction; the design shows high spatial multiplexing capability in both cases. The capacity carried by the second transmission eigenmode is about 39% from the total capacity under waterfilling algorithm transmit power allocation.
Gain enhancement of microstrip patch antenna using artificial magnetic conductor Norfatihah Bahari; Mohd Faizal Jamlos; Muammar Mohamad Isa
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 1: March 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (333.829 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i1.1409

Abstract

The paper presents an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure to enhance the gain of the double microstrip patch antenna. By placing this kind of metamaterial in between the two Rogers RT5880 substrates, the antenna achieved lots of improvement especially in terms of size miniaturization, bandwidth, return loss, gain and efficiency. The antenna is intended to operate at 16 GHz where the prospect fifth generation (5G) spectrum might be located. Integration of AMC structure into the proposed antenna helps to improve nearly 16.3% of gain and almost 23.6% of size reduction.
Design of Ku-band power divider using Substrate Integrated Waveguide technique Tan Gan Siang; David Paul David Dass; Siti Zuraidah Ibrahim; Mohd Nazri A. Karim; Aliya A. Dewani
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 1: March 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (592.459 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i1.1410

Abstract

A Ku-band Substrate Integrated Waveguide power divider is proposed. In this work, the SIW power divider is designed with T-junction configuration. The SIW technique enables the power divider to have low insertion loss, low cost and features uniplanar circuit. An additional of metallic via hole is added in the center of the junction to improve the return loss performance of the Tjunction SIW power divider. The simulated input return losses at port 1 are better than 27 dB, and features equal power division of about -3.1 dB ±0.4 dB at both output ports across frequency range of 13.5-18 GHz. The SIW power divider is fabricated, and the measurement results show acceptable performances. Since there are some losses contributed by the SMA connector of the fabricated SIW power divider prototype, an additional SIW transmission line is simulated and fabricated to analyze the connector loss.
Analysis of Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for chlorophyll prediction in oil palm leaves Mohd. Shafiq Amirul Sabri; R. Endut; C. B. M. Rashidi; A. R. Laili; S. A. Aljunid; N. Ali
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (526.723 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1412

Abstract

Oil palm nutrient content is investigated with using chlorophyll as a representative factor correlated with NIR spectroscopy spectral absorbance. NIR spectroscopy method of sampling have been tested to overcome time consuming, complex chemical analysis procedure and invasive sampling method in order to identify chlorophyll content in an oil palm tree. Spectral absorbance data from range 900 nm to 1700 nm and chlorophyll data, then tested through five pre-processing methods which is Savitzky-Golay Smoothing (SGS), Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), Single Normal Variation (SNV), First Derivative (1D) and also Second Derivative (2D) using Partial Least Square (PLS) regression prediction model to evaluate the correlation between both data. The overall results show, SGS has the best performance for preprocessing method with the results, the coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.9998 and root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.0639. In summary, correlation of NIR spectral absorbance data and chlorophyll can be achieved using a PLS regression model with SGS pre-processing technique. Thus, we can conclude that NIR spectroscopy method can be used to identify chlorophyll content in oil palm with using time saving, simple sampling and non-invasive method.
Self-switching diodes as RF rectifiers: evaluation methods and current progress Nor Farhani Zakaria; Shahrir Rizal Kasjoo; Muammar Mohamad Isa; Zarimawaty Zailan; Mohd Khairuddin Md Arshad; Sanna Taking
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (497.439 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1413

Abstract

In the advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) applications, widespread uses and applications of devices require higher frequency connectivity to be explored and exploited. Furthermore, the size, weight, power and cost demands for the IoT ecosystems also creates a new paradigm for the hardware where improved power efficiency and efficient wireless transmission needed to be investigated and made feasible. As such, functional microwave detectors to detect and rectify the signals transmitted in higher frequency regions are crucial. This paper reviewed the practicability of self switching diodes as Radio Frequency (RF) rectifiers. The existing methods used in the evaluation of the rectification performance and cut-off frequency are reviewed, and current achievements are then concluded. The works reviewed in this paper highlights the functionality of SSD as a RF rectifier with design simplicity, which may offer cheaper alternatives in current high frequency rectifying devices for application in low-power devices.
High availability of data using Automatic Selection Algorithm (ASA) in distributed stream processing systems Sultan Alshamrani; Hesham Alhumyani; Quadri Waseem; Isbudeen Noor Mohamed
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (704.416 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1414

Abstract

High Availability of data is one of the most critical requirements of a distributed stream processing systems (DSPS). We can achieve high availability using available recovering techniques, which include (active backup, passive backup and upstream backup). Each recovery technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. They are used for different type of failures based on the type and the nature of the failures. This paper presents an Automatic Selection Algorithm (ASA) which will help in selecting the best recovery techniques based on the type of failures. We intend to use together all different recovery approaches available (i.e., active standby, passive standby, and upstream standby) at nodes in a distributed stream-processing system (DSPS) based upon the system requirements and a failure type). By doing this, we will achieve all benefits of fastest recovery, precise recovery and a lower runtime overhead in a single solution. We evaluate our automatic selection algorithm (ASA) approach as an algorithm selector during the runtime of stream processing. Moreover, we also evaluated its efficiency in comparison with the time factor. The experimental results show that our approach is 95% efficient and fast than other conventional manual failure recovery approaches and is hence totally automatic in nature.
Hand motion pattern recognition analysis of forearm muscle using MMG signals M. R. Mohamad Ismail; C. K. Lam; K. Sundaraj; M. H. F. Rahiman
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (471.491 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1415

Abstract

Surface Mechanomyography (MMG) is the recording of mechanical activity of muscle tissue. MMG measures the mechanical signal (vibration of muscle) that generated from the muscles during contraction or relaxation action. It is widely used in various fields such as medical diagnosis, rehabilitation purpose and engineering applications. The main purpose of this research is to identify the hand gesture movement via VMG sensor (TSD250A) and classify them using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). There are four channels MMG signal placed into adjacent muscles which PL-FCU and ED-ECU. The features used to feed the classifier to determine accuracy are mean absolute value, standard deviation, variance and root mean square. Most of subjects gave similar range of MMG signal of extraction values because of the adjacent muscle. The average accuracy of LDA is approximately 87.50% for the eight subjects. The finding of the result shows, MMG signal of adjacent muscle can affect the classification accuracy of the classifier.
An efficient algorithm for monitoring virtual machines in clouds Sultan Alshamrani
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (688.566 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1416

Abstract

Cloud computing systems consist of a pool of Virtual Machines (VMs), which are installed physically on the provider's set up. The main aim of the VMs is to offer the service to the end users. With the current increasing demand for the cloud VMs, there is always a huge requirement to secure the cloud systems. To keep these cloud systems secured, they need a continuous and a proper monitoring. For the purpose of monitoring, several algorithms are available with FVMs. FVM is a forensic virtual machine which monitors the threats among the VMs. Our formulated algorithm runs on FVM. In this paper, we formulate the Random-Start-Round-Robin algorithm for monitoring inside FVM.

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