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Ethnic Identity and State Dysfunctionality in Post-Colonial African Societies: A Focus on Nigeria BEREBON, Charles; UKULOR, Donatus
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 12, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : dialektika kontemporer

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The role of ethnicity in driving intergroup conflicts has sparked considerable debate. Many argue that ethnic tensions in Africa stem from historical colonialism, competition for political power and resources, and the absence of a unified national identity or shared values. This article explores the connection between colonization and ethnic crises in Africa, with a particular focus on Nigeria. It examines how ‘ethno-social identity’ is conceptualized and investigates the links between ethnic polarization, ‘ethnocorruption,’ insecurity, and separatism. The study highlights the dysfunctionality of the state and the identity challenges posed by ethnocentric federalism, particularly in relation to questions of personal identity within the population. Issues such as the ‘indigene versus non-indigene’ divide and the conflicting ethnic identities—such as ‘I am Hausa,’ ‘I am Fulani,’ ‘I am Yoruba,’ or ‘I am Igbo’—reflect the broader crisis. A minority of politically influential ‘tribeless elites’ continue to dominate the political landscape. In recent years, Nigeria has become increasingly plagued by ‘kidnapped democracy,’ insecurity, and corruption. Escalating conflicts, including clashes between Fulani herders and non-Fulani farmers, banditry, kidnappings for ransom, and the activities of ‘Unknown Gunmen,’ are further undermining national unity. Meanwhile, socio-economic stagnation and the erosion of moral values have driven many young Nigerians to either join movements like the Obidient group or seek opportunities abroad through the ‘Japa’ phenomenon

The Impact of Educational Laws and Policies on National Development in Nigeria: Challenges and Pathways for Effective Implementation Berebon, Charles
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 12, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : dialektika kontemporer

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Education is universally recognized as a fundamental human right and serves as a cornerstone for social justice and societal advancement. It is one of the most powerful tools for fostering positive change and represents one of the best investments any nation can make to drive economic, political, social, and human development (Mandela, 2000). Education empowers individuals, equips them with the skills needed to participate fully in society, and lays the groundwork for sustainable national progress. In Nigeria, the philosophy of education is rooted in transforming individuals into responsible, effective citizens by ensuring equal educational opportunities for all, regardless of background or socioeconomic status. This vision is enshrined in the National Policy on Education (2014), which emphasizes the importance of providing functional and accessible education to every Nigerian, regardless of state of origin, religion, family socioeconomic status, or geographic location. The policy reflects Nigeria's commitment to building an inclusive and productive society through education that equips individuals with the skills and knowledge required to thrive. The development of a nation is intrinsically linked to the effectiveness of its educational laws and policies. In recognition of this, governments worldwide have made educational policies a priority, viewing them as critical tools for national development. In Nigeria, the role of education policies in fostering national development cannot be overstated; however, despite the significant emphasis on policy development, numerous challenges hinder their effective implementation. These obstacles have stifled the full realization of the transformative potential of education and have contributed to ongoing difficulties in achieving academic excellence across the nation. This paper explores the fundamental concepts of educational laws and policies, offering a concise history of their development within Nigeria. It also examines the philosophical foundations of educational policies and the complexities involved in adapting them to Nigeria's unique sociopolitical and cultural landscape. By analyzing these challenges and revisiting the philosophical principles behind Nigeria's educational policies, this discussion seeks to provide insights into how educational reforms can be more effectively implemented to foster genuine social progress and contribute to national development.

An Appraisal of Local Content Legislation and Policies in Oil and Gas Producing Countries Ebu, Alex Abang
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 12, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : dialektika kontemporer

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One of the aims of the local content policy (LCP) is the economic development of oil and gas producing countries through the utilization of local personnel and resources in the activities of oil and gas sector. Local content legislation and policies in oil and gas producing countries have become a key priority of host governments and industry players alike. Increasingly, more resource rich development countries are enacting local-content legislation as a means of maximizing the benefits to be gained from their petroleum industries. However, these laws and policies are being implemented with insufficient research into their efficacy, and as a result have often yielded mixed results. This paper examines the effect of local-content legislation and policies in the oil and gas industry presenting insights on the challenges faced by industry players with regard to their implementation. We traced the channels through which local-content legislation advances value creation by evaluating different implementation programmes, using clearly stated local-content targets to measure their efficacy. In this article, Nigeria, Ghana, Brazil and Norway are chosen as case study countries to highlight the diversity of local content strategies for countries at different developmental stages. The research adopts the doctrinal method, which is library-based involving the examination of primary and secondary source materials on this subject matter. The motivation for this study is to provide host governments, investors and domestic suppliers with guidelines on how to successfully develop and implement local-content regulations and strategies. The research findings from these case study countries aforementioned shows that the success or otherwise of local content legislation and policies remains a function of a country’s institutional setting and developmental paradigm. Based on the review of the case studies, we summarized that the successful local-content legislation and policies should be anchored on the following principles: local content policies need to look beyond simple generation of economic rents to focus on the development of linkages, the tools developed to measure agreed local content benchmarks must be clearly defined to the acceptance of all industry players, and entrenching local-content depends on the availability of an industrial-supply base that can act as growth levers.

Empathy as a Tool for Evangelism in Sapele Metropolis: A Theological Evaluation of Luke 7:11-17 Idoro, Okeoghene Emmanuel; Enuwosa, Joseph
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 12, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : dialektika kontemporer

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Empathy is the ability to understand and relate to others' feelings and experiences. This research aims to examine how Jesus demonstrated empathy in his ministry and how modern Christians demonstrate empathy in their evangelical commitments. The study focuses on Luke 7:11-17, a narrative of Jesus' encounter with a funeral procession in Nain, and how his compassion for the weeping widow demonstrates his mercy and compassion. It explores the theological expression of empathy in the context of evangelism by churches in Nigeria, specifically in Sapele metropolis. The study employs biblical exegesis, literature review, and oral interviews to evaluate Luke 7:11-17 and its application to evangelism. The research encourages church leaders, particularly women, to have a heart for reaching out to widows and create awareness about the challenges faced by bereaved widows. The study promotes the use of empathy as a viable tool for evangelism in modern churches, particularly in the context of women.

Occurrence of Communal Violence and its Implication among Young People in Odukpani Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria Edet, Brian; Ndep, Antor; Offiong, Dominic; Okon, Aniekan-abasi; Akpan, Margret
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 13, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : dialektika kontemporer

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Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines violence as “the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal development or deprivation (Singh, & Gururaj, 2014).Aim/ objectives: This study aimed to determine the occurrence of communal violence and it's implication among young people in Odukpani Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Methodology: It was guided by three (3) research questions and two (2) hypotheses, with the theory of ecological model supporting the study. The study employed a community-based cross-sectional study design to collect data on communal violence and it's implication among young people in Odukpani Local Government Area of Cross River State. A sample size of 300 respondents was selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. The data collection instruments included a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20. The analysis was done using cross tabulation while Pearson’s chi-square test was used for testing associations of selected variables with a significance level set at P<0.05.Results and discussion: A total of 300 respondents participated in the study giving a response rate of 100%. More than half 221(73.7%) of the respondents were males while a greater proportion 127(42.3%) fell within the age bracket 15-20years followed by those 63(21.0%) within the age bracket 21-27years. Majority 148(49.3%) had secondary education and the least 11(3.7%) had primary education. More than half 158(52.7%) of the respondents were students, followed by those 31(10.3%) who were traders and the least 18(6.0%) were farmers. Majority 273(15.99%) reported that harmful use of drugs is a major reason young people engage in violence followed by 250(14.65%) who reported easy access to guns and fire-arms.Conclusion and recommendation: Communal violence is prevalent in the three communities in Odukpani Local Government Area. Tussle for land and chieftaincy has been the major determinants of communal violence. Preventive measures ranges from withdrawal of arms from people, implementing government laws against violence and designing youth programmes against violence.

Elechi Amadi’s The Great Ponds, An Orchestrated Foray into the Jurisprudence of Traditional Dispute Settlement Mechanism in Pre-Colonial Nigeria Nyeenenwa, Stephen; Amadiwochi, Justin Ogbonda
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 13, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : dialektika kontemporer

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Elechi Amadi’s The Great Ponds, is a masterpiece of a skillfully crafted war machine artifice. In it, the military traits of the author is showed in the form of a litany of a perfectly organised military tactics demonstrable in ambush, attacking strategy, withdrawal, re-enforcement, abandonment, escape and victory celebration. Nonetheless, working our way through the expository and critical analysis of what we find in same novel convincing strains of an orchestrated foray into the jurisprudence of traditional Nigerian settlement mechanism. Relying on Mother Prof. Marie Pauline Eboh’s (2014) book, The Structure Of Igbo Logic As Shown In Dispute Settlement, we will x-ray the logic and jurisprudence of the methods of dispute settlement therein. We will further explore and critically examine the epochs of conflict and war that engulfed the warring communities, the chequered struggle to control the community’s natural resource – The Wagaba Pond – band to seek to espouse the dangers of war and conflict. We will conclude by drawing on the undeclared aversion of the author to communal conflicts and war, and proceed to assert unabashedly that war and violence ain’t a good option for crisis management. We will recommend that the principle of give and take, of restraint and of nipping brewing troubles in the bud at its earliest stages are invaluable in building a beneficial and cost effective conflict resolution mechanisms and a prelude to building a formidable jurisprudence for our local communities today.

Victimization, Abuse, and Socioeconomic Factors in Women’s Incarceration: Insights from A World Apart: Women, Prison, and Life Behind Bars Ewalefoh, Ernest Osemobho
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 13, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : dialektika kontemporer

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This research delves into the complex interplay of victimization, abuse, and socioeconomic factors in women’s incarceration, using Cristina Rathbone’s A World Apart: Women, Prison, and Life Behind Bars as a foundational case study. The study highlights how past traumas, systemic poverty, and limited access to education and employment opportunities converge to funnel women into the criminal justice system. By examining the lived experiences of women incarcerated at the Massachusetts Correctional Institution-Framingham (MCI-Framingham), this research underscores the cyclical nature of victimization, abuse, and socioeconomic deprivation that often predetermines their incarceration. The study advocates for a transformative approach to criminal justice, emphasizing the need for rehabilitative strategies that address the root causes of criminal behavior among women. By integrating socioeconomic support, mental health services, and educational opportunities, the criminal justice system can foster equitable treatment and disrupt the persistent cycle of crime and punishment. This paper calls for policy reforms that prioritize education, vocational training, and trauma-informed care, aiming to transform not only the lives of incarcerated women but also the broader structures of the criminal justice system. Through this exploration, the study advocates for a more compassionate and comprehensive approach to addressing the unique challenges faced by women in the criminal justice system.

An Interrogation of the Legal Approach to the Elimination of Gender-Based Violence in Nigeria Ebu, Alex Abang
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 13, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : dialektika kontemporer

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In spite of several international and regional instruments and local enactments aimed at eliminating violence against women and the girl-child has remained a global phenomenon. It is one of the pervasive violations of human rights in many societies and a great challenge demanding urgent attention. Throughout the world, women and the girl-child suffer untold violence in the family and in the wider community. In Nigeria, there is a high level of cultural diversity, religious diversity and ethnolinguistic heterogeneity with over four hundred ethnic groups. The influence of religion and culture have deterred communities from adhering to practice which help to maintain patriarchal control and of women. Most of the violence against women and the girl-child is a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between men and women in many cultures which has led to the domination over the discrimination against women. This paper examines the legal approach to gender-based violence in Nigeria within the context of application and relevance customary practices in the country. It highlights the extent of intervention from the judiciary in curtailing the menace. This paper also examines some international and regional instruments and local enactments made to eliminate violence against women and the girl-child. An attempt was made to analyze how the judiciary responded to customary practices actions that accentuate gender-based violence using the instrumentation of human rights law and Nigerian justice system. The focus included an assessment of judicial attitude and factors militating against access to justice in enforcement of laws prohibiting gender based violence. The paper concluded by recommending amongst others a proactive judiciary that is not tainted by corrupt sentiments nor religious beliefs for Nigeria to adopt international best practices.

Populism and the Erosion of International Legal Norms Berebon, Charles
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 13, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : dialektika kontemporer

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The rise of populism poses a significant challenge to constitutionalism, democracy, and the rule of law. Populist governments undermine the international legal order and weaken the authority of international agreements. This article examines the critical threats that populism presents to international law, particularly its impact on international institutions, multilateralism, and the financial support received by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Populist leaders often promote the idea that international law is merely a tool for coordination and interventionism rather than a binding legal framework. Their policies, which tend to be anti-pluralist and focused on narrow, self-serving agendas, contradict fundamental international objectives such as the protection of human rights and collective cooperation among nations. By analyzing these concerns, this article highlights the growing risks associated with populist governance and its implications for the global legal landscape.

Health-promoting behaviour of geriatric inmates in selected correctional facilities in south-west Nigeria Olaoye, Samson Olukunmi
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 13, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : dialektika kontemporer

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In general, the ill health of elderly inmates can contribute to and represent an enormous burden of disease in society. In addition, if the elderly inmates do not have proper health-promoting habits, they will always suffer from health problems and this may shorten their lives in correctional institutions. Lack of health promoting habit of the geriatric inmates predisposes them to diseases and health problems especially mental problems. This can seriously strain available healthcare facilities and frustrate available resources that could have been directed in other productive directions. This study identified health-promoting habits of geriatric inmates in south-west Nigeria; examined the socioeconomic characteristics influencing the health behaviours of geriatric inmates in south-western Nigeria and; examined the challenges faced by geriatric inmates in their attempt to obtain health care in the selected correctional facilities in the study area. A cross-sectional study using questionnaire and in-depth-interview showed that geriatric inmates observed moment of rest, engaged in athletics, go for medical check-ups and eating balance diets as their health-promoting habits. Logistic regression showed influence of family support on health promoting habits of the geriatric inmates in the institution (OR: 2.046; P< 0.05; 95% CI1.053-3.976) and lack of fund for health care was the major challenge that geriatric inmates face in accessing health care in the institution. The paper concluded that health promoting-habits of the geriatric inmate were poor and this called for attention from government and correctional staff in Nigeria.

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Abstract

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Contact Name
-

Contact Email
-

Phone
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Journal Mail Official
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Editorial Address
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Location
Kota makassar,

Sulawesi selatan

INDONESIA