cover
Article Per Year (5 Year)
All
Home Page
OAI Link
Editorial Team
Contact
Reviewer
Google Scholar
Contact Name
Baskoro Suryo Banindro
Contact Email
banindro@gmail.com
Phone
+6285641432978
Journal Mail Official
paramita@mail.unnes.ac.id
Editorial Address
Sekaran Campus, first floor in C5 building, Gunungpati, Kota Semarang,
Location
Kota semarang,
Jawa tengah
INDONESIA
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 24075825     EISSN : 24075825     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v30i2.20890
Core Subject : Humanities,
Humanities
The journal publishes writings on (1) historiography, (2) philosophy of history, (3) history of education, and (4) history educaiton. Historiography means the writing of history based on the critical examination of sources, the selection of particular details from the authentic materials in those sources, and the synthesis of those details into a narrative that stands the test of critical examination. Historiography studies cover chronologically various themes, such as local history, social history, cultural history, economic history, political history, military history, intellectual history, environmental history, and other historical studies. Philosophy of history, the study either of the historical process and its development or of the methods used by historians to understand their material. History of education is a study of the past that focuses on educational issues. These include education systems, institutions, theories, themes and other related phenomena in the past. History education includes studies of how history teaches in school or society, curriculum, educational values in events, figures, and historical heritage, media and sources of historical learning, history teachers, and studies of textbooks.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 30 Documents
 1   2   3 
Search results for , issue "Vol 26, No 1 (2016): PARAMITA" : 30 Documents clear
KRISTALISASI KONDISI SOSIAL, EKONOMI, DAN POLITIK DALAM NOVEL RASA MERDIKA Sulthon, Agus
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 26, No 1 (2016): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v26i1.5147

Abstract

Rasa Merdika is a novel released in 1924. This novel narrates the people’s misery occured in Dutch- Indies era. The internationalism ideology becomes the alternate undderstanding for people by using poetry as a messenger. In this research, the social, economical and political conditions depicted in the novel will be correlated to the history when the novel is created. using Goldmanns theory, considered having homological relations  with the social structure. Umar Junus takes advantage of it as a story to depict the social-cultural condition of society. Rasa Merdika merupakan novel bacaan liar yang terbit tahun 1924. Novel ini membicarakan tentang penderitaan rakyat yang terjadi di Hindia Belanda. Ideologi internasionalisme menjadi alternatif pemahaman kepada rakyat dengan memanfaatkan sastra sebagai alat penyampai pesan. Dalam penelitian ini, kondisi sosial, ekonomi, dan politik novel akan korelasikan terhadap sejarah saat novel itu diciptakan kemudian menghubungkan konsep keduanya menggunakan teori Goldmann, dianggapnya memiliki keterkaitan homologis dengan struktur sosial (kondisi). 
THE RELATIONSHIP AMONGST SOEHARTO, MILITARY, AND MUSLIM IN THE END OF NEW ORDER REGIME Fatgehipon, Abdul Haris
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 26, No 1 (2016): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v26i1.5141

Abstract

In the end of Suhartos authority, he began to embrace the power of Islam; he realized the position of Muslims was very important and strategic. While some high-ranking military, like LB Moerdani felt unhappy with business built by Soeharto’s family. Suharto built a new political power through the ICMI (Indonesian Muslim Scholar) organization. The emergence of ICMI has been confronted by much of the military officers, they assessed that ICMI shaped sectarian mindset, Gus Dur as NU leader also did not approve the establishment of ICMI. ICMI was chaired by BJ Habibie who at that time had a special affinity with Suharto that made ICMI has the most important role in Indonesian and clout. At the end of Suhartos power, he embraced the power of the Muslim Civilians, Reviews such as ICMI and Muhammadiyah organization. He tried to minimize the political dependence on the military. Hereinafter, Habibie has successfully elected as a vice president of Indonesia based on the general assembly in 1998, after the riots in May 1998, Habibie replaced Suhartos position that has discharged due to students and citizens demonstrations. By the pretense of the 1945 constitution, the military endorsed the nomination of BJ Habibie as president. Pada akhir otoritas Soeharto, ia mulai merangkul kekuatan Islam; ia menyadari posisi Muslim sangat penting dan strategis. Sementara beberapa petinggi militer, seperti LB Moerdani merasa tidak bahagia dengan bisnis gurita yang dibangun oleh keluarga Soeharto. Soeharto membangun kekuatan politik baru melalui organisasi ICMI (Indonesian Muslim Scholar). Munculnya ICMI telah dihadapkan oleh banyak perwira militer, mereka menilai ICMI berbentuk pola pikir sektarian, Gus Dur sebagai pemimpin NU juga tidak menyetujui berdirinya ICMI. ICMI dipimpin oleh BJ Habibie yang pada waktu itu me-miliki kedekatan khusus dengan Soeharto yang membuat ICMI memiliki peran paling penting dalam Indonesia dan pengaruh. Pada akhir kekuasaan Soeharto, ia memeluk kekuatan Sipil Muslim, Ulasan seperti ICMI dan Muhammadiyah organisasi. Dia mencoba untuk meminimalkan ketergantungan politik pada militer. Selanjutnya, Habibie telah berhasil terpilih sebagai wakil presiden Indonesia berdasarkan sidang umum pada tahun 1998, setelah kerusuhan Mei 1998, Habibie menggantikan posisi Soeharto yang telah habis karena mahasiswa dan de-monstrasi warga. Dengan berdasar UUD 1945, militer mendukung pencalonan BJ Habibie sebagai presiden. 
ISLAMISASI DI SULAWESI SELATAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH Abdullah, Anzar
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 26, No 1 (2016): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v26i1.5148

Abstract

This article aims to describe how the islamization process in South Sulawesi takes place approximately 17th century reviewed from Islam history, particularly related to when, who, where, and from where. Islamization in South Sulawesi took place in approximately 16M, has made social change for local people.  The change at least occurs by religion shift among people from previously Hindu-Buddhist to new religion, that is Islam. Islamization in South Sulawesi using top down pattern. It means that for the initial stage, Islam is accepted by the king then society officially embraces Islam. In the islamization context in South Sulawesi, this area is a bit late accepting Islam compared with other areas in the eastern part of Indonesia such as Maluku, and Kalimantan. However, the trading relationship with other kingdoms has occured since long time ago. The area which initially embraces Islam in South Sulawesi is The Gowa-Tallo Kingdom. The kingdom is also the first which declares Islam as the official religion in the kingdom. Likewise, the clerics dan the king have extremely big role for islamization in  South Sulawesi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana proses islamisasi di Sulawesi Selatan yang berlangsung sekitar abad ke 17 M ditinjau dari sejarah islam, terutama menyangkut kapan, siapa, di mana, dan dari mana. Islamisasi di Sulawesi Selatan yang berlangsung sekitar abad ke 16M, telah membawa perubahan  sosial terhadap masayarakat setempat. Setidaknya perubahan itu berlangsung melalui beralihnya agama masyarakat, dari agama yang sebelumnya bersifat Hindu-Budha ke agama baru, yaitu Islam.Islamisasi yang berlangsung di Sulawesi Selatan berlangsung melalui pola dari atas ke bawah (top down). Artinya, pada tahap awal Islam diterima oleh Raja, lalu setelah itu rakyat secara resmi memeluk agama Islam. Dalam konteks Islamisasi di Sulawesi Selatan, kawasan ini agak terlambat menerima agama Islam dibandingkan dengan kawasan lain di Timur Nusantara, seperti Maluku, dan Kalimantan. Namun hubungan perdagangan dengan kerajaan lainnya sudah berlangsung sejak lama.Adapun daerah Kerajaan yang lebih awal memeluk agama Islam di Sulawesi Selatan ialah Kerajaan Gowa-Tallo.Kerajaan ini juga yang pertama menjadikan Islam sebagai agama resmi kerajaan. Demikian juga peran Ulama dan Raja sangat besar peranannya dalam Islamisasi di Sulawesi Selatan. 
THOMAS STAMFORD RAFFLES: SEORANG UNIVERSALIS ATAU IMPERIALIS? Hariyono, Hariyono; Wijaya, Daya Negri
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 26, No 1 (2016): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v26i1.5144

Abstract

It is debatable that Raffles is seemed to be a Universalist or an imperialist. The first refers to a belief that he is an agent of the spread of Western values to the Eastern. Others claim that he is the Western imperialist to the Eastern. This is caused by the forced values to the Eastern. Raffles issued the reformation of policy because the colonialism of VOC and the government of French-Dutch did not have any humanistic policy. He issued many humanistic policies till the end of his government in Java. One of his policies was the slavery tax. The tax was used specifically to abolish the practice of slavery and to the welfare of people. In other side, Raffles forced people to work in his friend’s land, Alexander Hare who opened the plantation in Banjarmasin. The life of workers was really suffering however his thoughts and his efforts becoming an insight to oppose the heritage of feudalism (slavery). To short, there was a lesson learnt why Raffles’ ideas were failed and came back to the previous structure.  Raffles dalam satu sisi terlihat sebagai seorang universalis dan disisi lain sebagai seorang imperialis. Ada yang memandang Raffles di Nusantara adalah penyebar nilai-nilai Barat ke dunia Timur. Sejarawan lain memandang Raffles sebagai bagian dari imperialisme Barat ke dunia Timur karena nilai-nilai yang ditawarkan tidak cocok dan dipaksakan secara politis. Raffles melakukan reformasi kebijakan karena kolonialisme VOC dan pemerintah kolonial Prancis-Belanda dirasa tidak humanis. Dia mengeluarkan banyak kebijakan yang bersifat humanis hingga akhir kepemimpinan. Salah satu kebijakannya adalah memberlakukan pajak bagi rakyat yang memiliki budak. Pajak digunakan sebagai penghapus praktek perbudakan secara khusus dan untuk kemaslahatan umat secara umum. Pada sisi lain Raffles mengirim pekerja pada sahabatnya Alexander Hare yang membuka perkebunan di dekat Banjarmasin. Kehidupan pekerja disana tentu sangat menderita tetapi pemikiran dan usahanya menjadi pelopor dalam menentang warisan feodalisme (perbudakan) yang patut dicela. Setidaknya dapat dijadikan pelajaran mengapa ide Raffles akhirnya terbentur dan kembali pada tatanan sebelumnya. 
REKONSTRUKSI KERAJAAN GALUH ABAD VIII-XV Lubis, Nina Herlina; Muhzin Z., Mumuh; Sofianto, Kunto; Mahzuni, Dade; Widyonugrohanto, Widyonugrohanto; Mulyadi, R.M.; Darsa, Undang Ahmad
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 26, No 1 (2016): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v26i1.5142

Abstract

The title of this research is Reconstruction of Galuh Kingdom in 8th-15thcentury. Issue that will be studied is how to unravel the location of the capital and palace shape of Galuh Kingdom. To answer the issue is used the historical method which consists of four steps, namely heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Result of this research is that the existence of Galuh Kingdom is a history, not a myth. Historical sources which support the many arguments of its existence including inscriptions, foreign news, ancient manuscripts, social facts and mental facts. In addition, the life of its existence as long as eight centuries shows that Galuh Kingdom is not just existent but also strong because it is supported by a variety of solid and coherent system. Concerning about the location of capital and shape of the Kingdom , it still needs to explore further. Judul penelitian ini adalah Rekonstruksi Galuh Raya di abad ke-8-15. Masalah yang akan dipelajari adalah bagaimana mengungkap lokasi dari bentuk modal dan istana Kerajaan Galuh. Untuk menjawab masalah tersebut digunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari empat langkah, yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa keberadaan Kerajaan Galuh adalah sejarah, bukan mitos. Sumber-sumber sejarah yang mendukung banyak argumen keberadaannya termasuk prasasti, berita asing, naskah kuno, fakta sosial dan fakta mental. Selain itu, kehidupan keberadaannya selama delapan abad menunjukkan bahwa Kerajaan Galuh tidak hanya ada tapi juga kuat karena didukung oleh berbagai sistem yang solid dan koheren. Mengenai tentang lokasi ibukota dan bentuk Kerajaan, masih perlu untuk menjelajahi lebih lanjut. 
NASIONALISME DALAM TEROR DI MANDAR TAHUN 1947 Hamid, Abd Rahman
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 26, No 1 (2016): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v26i1.5149

Abstract

The desire becoming the new state (Republic) had been paid expensively by Mandar people. In February 1947, Westerling commited massacre in Galung Lombok and the surrounding areas. The victims were accused of being extremists, robbers, and murderers. They are executed without process of law process and forgiveness. This incident became the historical milestone in the area in defending the Republic from terror of Dutch troops. The movement had influence and extensive network, not only in South Sulawesi, but also in Java and Kalimantan. People’s struggles were organized by KRIS Muda and GAPRI5.3.1. As a results of this study, it was found that there was encounter between nationalism and religion. Other organizations, particularly ALRI-PS, had role for defending the Republic. Choosing Mandar as target location for Westerling terror showed an important and powerful influence of the movement struggle in this region. Keinginan menjadi negara baru (republik) telah dibayar mahal oleh rakyat Mandar. Pada bulan Februari 1947, pasukan Westerling melakukan pembantaian massal di Galung Lombok dan daerah sekitarnya. Para korban dituduh sebagai ekstrimis, perampok, dan pembunuh. Mereka dieksekusi mati tanpa proses hukum dan ampun. Peristiwa ini menjadi tonggak sejarah daerah ini dalam membela Republik dari teror pasukan Be-landa. Gerakan itu memiliki pengaruh dan jaringan yang luas, tidak hanya di Sulawesi Selatan, tetapi juga Jawa dan Kalimantan.Perjuangan rakyat terorganisasi lewat KRIS Muda dan GAPRI 5.3.1. Dari hasil studi ini ditemukan adanya perjumpaan antara nasionalisme dan agama. Organisasi lain, khususnya ALRI-PS, berperan dalam membela republik. Dipilihnya Mandar sebagai lokasi sasaran teror Westerling menunjukkan penting dan kuatnya gerakan pengaruh perjuangan dari daerah ini. 
MAKNA SIMBOLIS BATIK PADA MASYARAKAT JAWA KUNA Maziyah, Siti; Mahirta, Mahirta; Atmosudiro, Sumijati
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 26, No 1 (2016): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v26i1.5143

Abstract

This research aims to analyze symbolic meaning of batik in the ancient Javanese society. Next, it is also analyze whether the existence of batik can describe  cultures  in contemporary society. The research uses historical method in order to obtain field data and facts. Because of the required data consist of inscription which contains of sîma area in the Ancient Mataram Kingdom era made approximately in  IX-XV M,  so those data are collected either from Jakarta National Museum or pada National Library in  Jakarta. Then, interpretation is conducted to synthesize any field facts. The final stage is historiography, that is a writing process  of any available facts  becoming history writing. According to discussion above, it can be concluded that batik motif in the Ancient Javanese society has symbolic meaning  and it can be used as communication tools for contemporary society. The Ancient Javanese society realizes that from batik motif, it can be identified the social stratification of society. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis makna simbolis batik pada masyarakat Jawa Kuna.Kemudian, dianalisis juga tentang apakah melalui keberadaan batik itu dapat mendiskripsikan kebudayaan masyarakat sezaman.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah dalam upaya untuk mendapatkan data dan fakta yang ada di lapangan. Mengingat data yang dibutuhkan berupa prasasti yang berisi tentang daerah sîma pada masa Kerajaan Mataram Kuna yang dibuat sekitar abad IX-XV M, maka data-data tersebut “digali” di Museum Nasional Jakarta maupun pada Perpustakaan Nasional di Jakarta.Selanjutnya dilakukan interpretasi untuk mensintesiskan segala fakta yang terdapat di lapangan. Langkah terakhir adalah historiografi, yaitu proses penulisan segala fakta yang ada menjadi sebuah tulisan sejarah.Berdasarkan pembahasan di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa motif batik pada masyarakat Jawa Kuna itu memiliki makna simbolik dan dapat digunakan sebagai sarana untuk berkomunikasi bagi masyarakat sezaman.Masyarakat Jawa Kuna menyadari bahwa melalui motif-motif batik dapat diketahui stratifikasi sosial masyarakat. 
WACANA BHINEKA TUNGGAL IKA DALAM BUKU TEKS SEJARAH Utami, Indah Wahyu Puji; Widiadi, Aditya Nugroho
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 26, No 1 (2016): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v26i1.5150

Abstract

Textbook is one of learning sources used in history learning in school. History learning has function to preserve collective memories and necessary values, such as Bhineka Tunggal Ika. This research aims to reveal depiction and representation of  Bhineka Tunggal Ika value in history textbooks. It is qualitative research using critical discourse analysis, particularly representative analysis model by Roger Fowler.  Data sources in the research are the senior high school textbooks based on 2006 curriculum which can be downloaded at bse.kemdikbud.go.id. website. Method of collecting data is conducted by documentation technique. The validity of discourse analysis refers to  Ibnu Hamad’s opinion, namely holistic, historical situatedness, and theory. Next, analysis is conducted using critical discourse analysis by Fairclough  namely description, interpretation and explanation. The result of research shows that Bhineka Tunggal Ika is represented in various themes such as assimilation/acculturation/ syncretism, differences/diversity/plurality/complexity/multicultural, distinction/discrimination and unity. Bhineka Tunggal Ika should be understand as both  a result and continuous process. Buku teks merupakan salah satu sumber belajar yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran sejarah di sekolah. Pembelajaran sejarah berfungsi untuk melestarikan memori kolektif dan nilai-nilai yang dianggap penting, salah satunya Bhineka Tunggal Ika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengungkap penggambaran dan representasi nilai Bhineka Tunggal Ika dalam buku teks sejarah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode analisis wacana kritis, terutama analisis representasi model Roger Fowler. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah buku teks sejarah SMA berdasarkan kurikulum 2006 yang dapat diunduh pada laman bse.kemdikbud.go.id. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik dokumentasi.Validitas analisis wacana mengacu pada pendapat Ibnu Hamad, yaitu holistic, historical situatedness, dan teori.Selanjutnya analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan model analisis wacana kritis Fairclough yaitu deskripsi, interpretasi, dan eksplanasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bhineka Tunggal Ika direpresentasikan dalam berbagai tema seperti pembauran/akulturasi/sinkretisme, perbedaan/ keragaman/ pluralitas/ kemajemukan/ multikultural, pembedaan/diskriminasi serta persatuan dan kesatuan. Bhineka Tunggal Ika perlu dipahami sebagai hasil maupun proses yang terus berlanjut. 
NASIONALISASI PERUSAHAAN-PERUSAHAAN ASING MENUJU EKONOMI BERDIKARI Wasino, Wasino
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 26, No 1 (2016): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v26i1.5146

Abstract

After Indonesia declared its independence, the management of the private companies became a big problem for a new government, Indonesia. Expropriation efforts for those western private plantation companies actually had been developed in the first year of the independence and it continued until the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference. There were three processes passed through companies’ transformation of the western private plantation in Indonesia, namely decolonization, Indonesia-nization and nationalization. Nationalization was legally based on the Indonesian Ordinance number 86 1958, but the real process occured since a year ago. Therefore,  Indonesia had to give financial compensation to the owner, but the reality was that this aspect was still unfinished until the end of Sukarno regime. The compensation had been continued in Suharto era and was fully paid in 2002. Setelah Indonesia menyatakan kemerdekaannya, manajemen perusahaan swasta menjadi masalah besar bagi pemerintahan baru, Indonesia. Upaya pengambilalihan bagi perusahaan perkebunan swasta Barat sebenarnya telah dikembangkan pada tahun pertama kemerdekaan dan itu berlanjut hingga Konferensi Meja Bundar Belanda-Indonesia. Ada tiga proses melewati transformasi perusahaan dari perkebunan swasta Barat di Indonesia, yaitu dekolonisasi, Indonesia-nization dan nasionalisasi. Nasionalisasi secara hukum berdasarkan jumlah Ordonansi Indonesia 86 tahun 1958, tetapi proses nyata terjadi sejak setahun yang lalu. Oleh karena itu, Indonesia harus memberikan kompensasi finansial kepada pemilik, tetapi kenyataannya adalah bahwa aspek ini masih belum selesai sampai akhir rezim Sukarno. Kompensasi telah berlanjut di era Soeharto dan telah dilunasi pada tahun 2002.  
KAMPANYE DAN PERTARUNGAN POLITIK DI JAWA TENGAH MENJELANG PEMILIHAN UMUM 1955 Ahmad, Tsabit Azinar
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 26, No 1 (2016): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v26i1.5163

Abstract

Through study of campaign discourse from various documents, this research tries to explain political constellation and discourse in Cenral Java toward the election in 1955. In order to increase the people votes, the political parties make efforts to win the election in 1955. Those efforts are implemented in campaign to attract attention. Discourses scatter as an effort to ingratiate people. Four largest winning parties namely PNI, Masyumi, NU, and  PKI,  are also involved actively in campaign. Each of the, has good mapped approach and targets. In order to attract sympathy from people, the parties often have discourse fight. The discourse fight particularly occurs between PNI-Masyumi, PKI-Masyumi. In Central Java, the discourses of parties and their fight also mark campaign process toward the voting day. Other parties consider Masyumi as a rival, so insistent attact comes to oppose Masyumi. Melalui kajian terhadap wacana kampanye dari berbagai dokumen, penelitian ini mencoba meng-uraikan konstelasi politik dan wacana kampanye di Jawa Tengah menjelang pemilu 1955. Dalam rangka meningkatkan perolehan suara rakyat, partai-partai politik melakukan upaya-upaya untuk memenangkan pemilihan umum tahun 1955. Upaya tersebut diimplementasikan dalam pelaksanaan kampanye untuk menarik perhatian. Wacana-wacana berhamburan sebagai upaya untuk mengambil hati rakyat. Empat besar partai pemenang pemilihan umum, yakni PNI, Masyumi, NU, dan PKI, juga terlibat secara aktif dalam kampanye. Masing-masing memiliki pendekatan dan sasaran yang telah dipetakan sedemikian rupa. Dalam rangka menarik simpati masyarakat tersebut, tak jarang partai-partai tersebut mengalami pertarungan wacana Pertarungan wacana terutama terjadi antara PNI-Masyumi, PKI-Masyumi. Di Jawa Tengah, wacana-wacana partai dan pertarungannya juga mewarnai proses kampanye menjelang hari pemungutan suara. Partai-partai lain menganggap Masyumi sebagai rival, sehingga serangan bertubi-tubi datang menyerang Masyumi. 

Page 1 of 3 | Total Record : 30

 1   2   3 

Filter by Year

2016 2016


Reset
Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol 34, No 2 (2024): Disaster and Disease in History Vol 34, No 1 (2024): The Election and Political History Vol 33, No 2 (2023): History and Tragedy Vol 33, No 1 (2023): Social and Religious Aspect in History Vol 32, No 2 (2022): Social, Political, and Economic History Vol 32, No 1 (2022): Local Figure and Local History Vol 31, No 2 (2021): History of Asia and Indonesia Vol 31, No 1 (2021): Maritime and Socio-Economic History of Indonesia Vol 30, No 2 (2020): PARAMITA Vol 30, No 1 (2020): PARAMITA Vol 29, No 2 (2019): PARAMITA Vol 29, No 1 (2019): PARAMITA Vol 28, No 2 (2018): PARAMITA Vol 28, No 1 (2018): PARAMITA Vol 27, No 2 (2017): PARAMITA Vol 27, No 1 (2017): PARAMITA Vol 27, No 1 (2017): PARAMITA Vol 26, No 2 (2016): PARAMITA Vol 26, No 2 (2016): PARAMITA Vol 26, No 1 (2016): PARAMITA Vol 26, No 1 (2016): PARAMITA Vol 25, No 2 (2015): PARAMITA Vol 25, No 2 (2015): PARAMITA Vol 25, No 1 (2015): PARAMITA Vol 25, No 1 (2015): PARAMITA Vol 24, No 2 (2014): PARAMITA Vol 24, No 2 (2014): PARAMITA Vol 24, No 1 (2014): PARAMITA Vol 24, No 1 (2014): PARAMITA Vol 23, No 2 (2013): PARAMITA Vol 23, No 2 (2013): PARAMITA Vol 23, No 1 (2013): PARAMITA Vol 23, No 1 (2013): PARAMITA Vol 22, No 2 (2012): PARAMITA Vol 22, No 2 (2012): PARAMITA Vol 22, No 1 (2012): PARAMITA Vol 22, No 1 (2012) Vol 22, No 1 (2012): PARAMITA Vol 21, No 2 (2011) Vol 21, No 2 (2011) Vol 21, No 1 (2011) Vol 21, No 1 (2011) Vol 20, No 2 (2010) Vol 20, No 2 (2010) Vol 20, No 1 (2010) Vol 20, No 1 (2010) More Issue