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Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 24075825     EISSN : 24075825     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v30i2.20890
Core Subject : Humanities,
Humanities
The journal publishes writings on (1) historiography, (2) philosophy of history, (3) history of education, and (4) history educaiton. Historiography means the writing of history based on the critical examination of sources, the selection of particular details from the authentic materials in those sources, and the synthesis of those details into a narrative that stands the test of critical examination. Historiography studies cover chronologically various themes, such as local history, social history, cultural history, economic history, political history, military history, intellectual history, environmental history, and other historical studies. Philosophy of history, the study either of the historical process and its development or of the methods used by historians to understand their material. History of education is a study of the past that focuses on educational issues. These include education systems, institutions, theories, themes and other related phenomena in the past. History education includes studies of how history teaches in school or society, curriculum, educational values in events, figures, and historical heritage, media and sources of historical learning, history teachers, and studies of textbooks.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 20 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 28, No 2 (2018): PARAMITA" : 20 Documents clear
THE PROCESS OF INDONESIAN NATION STATE FORMATION, 1901-1998 Nasution, Nasution
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 28, No 2 (2018): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v28i2.12795

Abstract

This article has analyzed the long process of Indonesian Nation State Formation, namely from the Dutch Colonial Period to New Order Era of the 1980s and 1990s. The article argues that the concept of nationhood remained very fluid for long time but gradually it started to shape after the introduction of western education to the natives in the Dutch Colonial era and it took the final shape in New Order Era. The complexity of the nation-state formation was due to the region consists of many ethnics, cultures, languages, religions, and political parties. Their national identity started from the ethnicity awareness which took shape in the Dutch Colonial Era. During the Japanese occupation era the Nation State Formation of Indonesia was put into action as Kurasawa said that they had been prepared the independence of Indonesian nation. In Sukarno era, Indonesia was still ideologically divided into some international ideologies such as Communism, Islamism, and the secular national ideology. The peak of the rivals is the breaking of Indonesian Communist Party uprising in 1965. A major change took place with the fall of Sukarno’s regime which was replaced by General Suharto. Suharto called the Sukarno era as the old order regime and called his regime as New Order. The stability of Indonesian National formation was restored with ban on the International Ideology such as Communism, forcing the Moslem militancy and using National Ideology (Pancasila) as the ones of National Ideology.  Artikel ini telah menganalisis proses panjang Pembentukan Negara Bangsa Indonesia, yaitu dari Masa Kolonial Belanda ke Era Orde Baru tahun 1980-an dan 1990-an. Artikel ini berpendapat bahwa konsep kebangsaan tetap sangat cair untuk waktu yang lama tetapi secara bertahap mulai terbentuk setelah pengenalan pendidikan barat untuk pribumi di era Kolonial Belanda dan mengambil bentuk akhir di Era Orde Baru. Kompleksitas pembentukan negara-bangsa adalah karena wilayah ini terdiri dari banyak suku, budaya, bahasa, agama, dan partai politik. Identitas nasional mereka dimulai dari kesadaran etnis yang terbentuk di Era Kolonial Belanda. Selama era pendudukan Jepang, formasi Negara Bangsa Indonesia dilaksanakan sebagai Kurasawa mengatakan bahwa mereka telah mempersiapkan kemerdekaan bangsa Indonesia. Di era Soekarno, Indonesia masih secara ideologis dibagi menjadi beberapa ideologi internasional seperti Komunisme, Islamisme, dan ideologi nasional sekuler. Puncak saingan adalah pecahnya pemberontakan Partai Komunis Indonesia pada tahun 1965. Perubahan besar terjadi dengan jatuhnya rejim Sukarno yang digantikan oleh Jenderal Suharto. Suharto menyebut era Soekarno sebagai rezim orde lama dan menyebut rejimnya sebagai Orde Baru. Stabilitas formasi Nasional Indonesia dipulihkan dengan larangan Ideologi Internasional seperti Komunisme, memaksa militansi Islam dan menggunakan Ideologi Nasional (Pancasila) sebagai Ideologi Nasional. 
ALGEMENE MIDDELBARE SCHOOL SOLO 1925-1932: PORTRAIT OF THE FIRST MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION IN INDONESIA Priyatmoko, Heri
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 28, No 2 (2018): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v28i2.16205

Abstract

Six decades ago, Muhammad Yamin with some other scholars actualized the dream of “indigenization” of Indonesian historiography in the Indonesian National Historical Seminar I. Yamin obtained the knowledge about Nusantara history when he attended Algemene Middelbare School (AMS) Solo in section A1, Oostersch Letterkundige (Eastern Letter) class. Under the care of Dr. W.F. Stutterheim, archaeologist, AMS students were taught about Indonesian culture. In here, students’ perspective was broadened with the point of views of Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism since they were taught about Indonesian culture that formed from a mixed element of Islam, Hindu, and Buddhist culture. Not to forget, they also studied Javanese and Malay literature with Raden Tumenggung Yasawidagda. In the era of 1926, it is recorded that this school had more than 100 students. They came from Ambon, Batak, Padang, Aceh, Betawi, Priyangan, Madura, Sumatra, Bali, and Central Java, as well as Chinese and Dutch people. That historical fact shown that AMS Solo was the favorite school at that moment, at least was heard until outside Java. This first school in Indonesia that taught multicultural education produced many magnates at a later time like Dr. Prijono, Dr. Tjan Tjoe Siem, Armijn Pane, Amir Hamzah, Ahdiat K. Mihardja, Prof. Mr. Kusumadi, Prof. Ali Afandi, etc. This paper aims to discuss the learning model in AMS Solo based on cultural diversity, profiles of great teachers in AMS who had produced many national figures, as well as the response of Dutch colonial government and indigenous kingdom. Enam dekade silam, Muhammad Yamin bersama kaum cerdik pandai lainnya mewujudkan impian “pribumisasi” historiografi Indonesia dalam forum Seminar Sejarah Nasional Indonesia I. Pengetahuan tentang sejarah Nusantara diperoleh Yamin tatkala duduk di Algemmene Middelbare School (AMS) Solo. Di sini pula, perspektif siswa diperluas dengan pandangan dari sudut Islam, Hindu, dan Buddha lantaran mereka dicekoki kebudayaan Indonesia yang terbentuk dari percampuran antara unsur budaya Islam, Hindu, dan Buddha. Tidak lupa mempelajari juga kesusasteraan Jawa dan Melayu dengan guru Raden Tumenggung Yasawidagda. Pada era 1926, tercatat sekolahan ini sudah memperoleh murid lebih dari 100 orang. Mereka berasal dari Ambon, Batak, Padang, Aceh, Betawi, Priyangan, Madura, Sumatra, Bali, dan Jawa bagian tengah, serta kelompok Tionghoa dan Belanda. Fakta historis tersebut menujukkan bahwa AMS Solo merupakan sekolah favorit kala itu, setidaknya terdengar sampai ke luar Jawa. Sekolah pertama di Indonesia yang mengajarkan pendidikan multikultural ini melahirkan banyak tokoh terkemuka di kemudian hari seperti Dr. Prijono, Dr Tjan Tjoe Siem, Armijn Pane, Amir Hamzah, Ahdiat K. Mihardja, Prof. Mr. Kusumadi, Prof. Ali Afandi dan lainnya. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mendiskusikan model pembelajaran di AMS Solo yang berbasis keragaman budaya, profil para guru hebat di AMS yang berhasil menelurkan sederet tokoh bangsa, serta respon pemerintah kolonial Belanda dan kerajaan pribumi. 
THE PROBLEM OF MALARIA AND ITS ERADICATION IN THE EXTREME SALIENT OF JAVA DURING THE DUTCH COLONIAL ERA Nawiyanto, Nawiyanto
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 28, No 2 (2018): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v28i2.14139

Abstract

The extreme salient of Java has often been described as ‘malarious land’ and ‘unheathy region’. Although it had a great consequences on the people’s conditions of health and socio-economy, the problem of malaria has rarely been well-understood and fairly-treated in the existing historical studies. This paper is expected to fill in the existing gap in our knowledge on the issues. By using the available historical sources, the paper seeks to elaborate the problem of malaria and its eradication efforts in the extreme salient of  Java during the Dutch colonial era. The major objectives of the paper are to examine the seriousness of malaria problem existing in the region and its causes, and to elaborate the ways in which the problem of malaria was contained by the colonial authorities. It is argued that there was a significant progress in the fight against malaria and the understanding of the malaria causes and the chosen methods of eradication reflected both scientific advances and economic considerations. Kawasan ujung timur Jawa sering digambarkan sebagai 'tanah malaria' dan 'wilayah yang tidak sehat'. Meskipun mempunyai konsekuensi besar pada kondisi kesehatan dan sosial ekonomi masyarakat, masalah ini jarang dipahami dengan baik dan dibahas secara memadai dalam studi sejarah yang ada. Tulisan ini diharapkan dapat mengisi kesenjangan yang ada dalam pengetahuan kita tentang isu-isu tersebut. Dengan menggunakan sumber-sumber sejarah yang tersedia, tulisan ini berusaha menguraikan problem malaria dan upaya-upaya pemberantasannya di ujung timur Jawa pada masa penjajahan Belanda. Tujuan utama tulisan ini adalah untuk mengkaji keseriusan masalah malaria dan sebab-sebabnya  di wilayah tersebut dan menguraikan cara-cara di mana masalah ini diupayakan pemecahannya oleh otoritas kolonial. Diargumentasikan bahwa ada kemajuan yang signifikan dalam perang melawan malaria dan pemahaman tentang penyebab malaria dan metode yang dipilih untuk pemberantasan mencerminkan baik kemajuan ilmiah maupun pertimbangan ekonomi. 
A STUDY ON THE DEMOGRAPHICAL STRUCTURE OF PRE-MODERN TIMES IN SRI LANKA Sewwandi, A.K.C
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 28, No 2 (2018): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v28i2.16202

Abstract

The core of this study is to examine the scientific community structure of the pre-modern era of the Sri Lankan society. While this study will be focused only on the migration of people of the Indian and South–East Asian origins to the Western and South-Western regions of Sri Lanka during the specified time period, how the influence of those migrations was reflected on the Sri Lankan architecture of the same period will also be examined. The simultaneous decline of the Rajarata Civilization that lasted for thousands of years uninterrupted and the acceleration of settlements in the Western and the South-Western regions of Sri Lanka in  the 13th century was an outcome of the people who left Rajarata fearing the invasion of  the Kalinga Magha, one of the reasons behind the discontinuation of the Rajarate Administrative System, as well as some regional leaders in Maya and Rohana not supporting the Magha and acting as independent leaders. Inti dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memeriksa struktur komunitas ilmiah dari era pra-modern masyarakat Sri Lanka. Meskipun studi ini hanya akan difokuskan pada migrasi penduduk India dan Asia Tenggara ke daerah Barat dan Selatan-Barat Sri Lanka selama periode waktu tertentu, bagaimana pengaruh migrasi tersebut tercermin pada Sri Lanka. Arsitektur periode yang sama juga akan diperiksa. Kemunduran simultan Peradaban Rajarata yang berlangsung selama ribuan tahun tanpa gangguan dan percepatan pemukiman di wilayah Barat dan Selatan-Barat Sri Lanka pada abad ke-13 adalah hasil dari orang-orang yang meninggalkan Rajarata karena takut akan invasi Kalinga. Magha, salah satu alasan di balik penghentian Sistem Administrasi Rajarate, serta beberapa pemimpin regional di Maya dan Rohana tidak mendukung Magha dan bertindak sebagai pemimpin independen. 
THE RELEVANCE OF HISTORY IN THE GENERAL STUDIES PROGRAM OF UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Akeem, Oladiti Abiodun
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 28, No 2 (2018): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v28i2.16206

Abstract

This paper examines the relevance of the discipline of the history to the study of science and Technology in Nigeria. It interrogates how historical memories have shaped the discipline of science with respect to innovation, creativity and technological advancement for the progress of human society. Studying the historical biographies of scientists and the contributions of Africans to the understanding of science in the General studies program has helped to initiate and to develop critical thinking and inquiry on the possibility of improving untapped areas for technological advancement. The teaching of important memorable scientific achievement of the past has helped to shape the understanding of the present challenges. The paper concludes that the historical knowledge of science and technology of human society in Nigeria is a necessity to achieving positive development for human existence. Makalah ini meneliti relevansi disiplin sejarah untuk mempelajari ilmu dan teknologi di Nigeria. Di dalamnya dianalisis bagaimana kenangan sejarah telah membentuk disiplin ilmu sehubungan dengan inovasi, kreativitas dan kemajuan teknologi untuk kemajuan masyarakat manusia. Mempelajari riwayat biografi para ilmuwan dan kontribusi orang Afrika untuk memahami sains dalam program studi umum telah membantu untuk memulai dan mengembangkan pemikiran kritis dan penyelidikan tentang kemungkinan meningkatkan daerah yang belum dimanfaatkan untuk kemajuan teknologi. Ajaran penting pencapaian ilmiah yang mengesankan dari masa lalu telah membantu membentuk pemahaman tentang tantangan saat ini. Makalah ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan historis sains dan teknologi masyarakat manusia di Nigeria adalah suatu keharusan untuk mencapai perkembangan positif bagi eksistensi manusia. 
THE INDIS STYLE: THE TRANSFORMATION AND HYBRIDIZATION OF BUILDING CULTURE IN COLONIAL JAVA INDONESIA Sukiman, Djoko; Purwanto, Bambang
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 28, No 2 (2018): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v28i2.16203

Abstract

This historical study is focused on Indis style houses and buildings in Java during colonial period. The study discusses the reception and adaptation of Dutch and other cultures together with the local cultures in the transformation and hybridization of Indonesian architectural design production and reproduction. The study concludes that Indis style is a proof for the western inability to avoid the social and cultural influence of the locals, representations of new hybrid identities who want to show themselves as closer to the west and distance from the  indigenous, representation of new identity among those who found a new definite motherland since others consider themselves alien, symbol of modernity for those who were looking for a new social status and justify their existence, and a representation of the history of colonialism itself. Kajian sejarah ini difokuskan pada rumah dan bangunan bergaya Indis di Jawa pada masa kolonial. Tulisan ini mendiskusikan tentang resepsi dan adaptasi budaya Belanda dan budaya lainnya bersama-sama budaya tempatan dalam transformasi dan hibridisasi pada proses produksi dan reproduksi desain arsitektur Indonesia. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa gaya Indis merupakan bukti dari ketidakmampuan Barat untuk menghindar dari pengaruh sosial dan kebudayaan tempatan, representasi dari identitas hibrid baru yang ingin menunjukkan dirinya lebih dekat kepada Barat namun berjarak dari penduduk asli, representas dari identitas baru bagi mereka yang menemukan ibu pertiwi yang baru ketika kelompok lain menganggap mereka sebagai orang asing, simbol modernitas bagi mereka yang sedang mencari status sosial baru serta untuk menjustifikasi keberadaannya, dan sekaligus representasi dari sejarah kolonialisme itu sendiri. 
COAST, LOWLAND, AND HIGHLAND: A GEOGRAPHICAL UNITY IN SUPPORTING THE ECONOMY OF CIREBON FROM XIX-XX CENTURY Arovah, Eva Nur; Lubis, Nina Herlina; Dienaputra, Reiza; Nugrahanto, Widyo
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 28, No 2 (2018): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v28i2.14663

Abstract

Since 14th and 15th century, the kingdoms located among the islands of archipelago, including Cirebon, have involved in trading activities among the islands of archipelago or even international. Started from the fall of Majapahit and Demak kingdoms, the northern coastal areas of Java mostly are dominated by the rulers and Moslem traders. In 17th century, by the equal disintegration of traditional politics and taking over of the power of Cirebon Palace by VOC and the system and direction of policy which are made by the Dutch government, the sector-based trade in the coastal area of Cirebon becomes increasingly advanced and widespread. Started from the coastal area, in its development, the developing center trade becomes in hand with the developing of agricultural sectors in the lowlands and plantation in the highlands. By the historical method and structural approach from Fernand Braudel, this research is trying to explain Cirebon’s Geography as a synthesis that plays a role in Cirebon economic activity. No less important, archaeological evidences will be included as an attempt to identify the historical fact. Because in reality, the three regions (coastal area, agriculture and plantation) are a unity of the mutually bounded and have a reciprocal relationship in its contribution to the economic progress of the Dutch. Semenjak abad ke-14 dan ke-15, kerajaan-kerajaan yang terletak di kawasan pesisir Nusantara, termasuk Cirebon, telah terlibat dalam perdagangan antarpulau Nusantara maupun perdagangan antarnegara. Dimulai semenjak runtuhnya Majapahit dan kejayaan Demak, kawasan pantai utara Jawa hampir seluruhnya dikuasai oleh para penguasa dan pedagang muslim. Memasuki abad ke-17, bersamaan dengan disintegrasi politik tradisional dan pengambil-alihan kekuasaan keraton Cirebon oleh VOC serta pola dan arah kebijakan yang dikeluarkan pemerintah Hindia Belanda, sektor perdagangan yang berpusat di kawasan pesisir Cirebon menjadi semakin mengikat dan meluas. Dimulai dari kawasan pesisir, dalam perkembangannya pengembangan pusat perdagangan menjadi beriringan dengan perkembangan pertanian di dataran rendah dan perkebunan di dataran tinggi. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah dan pendekatan struktur sebagaimana yang dilakukan Fernand Braudel, penelitian ini mencoba mendeskripsikan geografis Cirebon sebagai sebuah sintesa yang berperan besar dalam kegiatan ekonomi Cirebon. Karena dalam kenyataannya tiga kawasan di atas merupakan suatu kesatuan yang saling terikat dan memiliki hubungan timbal balik dalam sumbanganya terhadap perkembangan ekonomi Hindia Belanda. 
EXISTENCE OF SHIA IN INDONESIA BETWEEN TRADITION AND POWER OF GOVERNMENT Iryana, Wahyu; Lubis, Nina Herlina; Zakaria, Mumuh Muhsin; Sofianto, Kunto
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 28, No 2 (2018): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v28i2.12912

Abstract

The Shia movement in Indonesia until now still exists. Thus, the raised question is why Shia can exist in Indonesia. The formulation of the problem in this study is what traditions can make Shia exist until now? What is the concept of leadership in Shia? What are the Shia tactical organizations to drive Shia? The research method used is historical research methods, namely doing data collection (heuristics), selecting data (criticism), reviewing and analyzing (interpretation), and writing history (historiography). The results of the study can be concluded that the traditions often carried out by Shiites including Ahlulbait, Al-Bada', Ashura, Imamah, ‘Ishmuh, Mahdawiyah, Marja'iyah, Raj'ah, Taqiyah, Tawasul, Tawalli and Tabarri. Leadership theory in Islam, in essence the theory of leadership or power in Islam has two different conceptions, the first, the conception of Imammah (leadership according to Shia specifically Sy'ah Imammah) and second, the conception of the caliph (leadership according to Sunni (Ahussunnah Wal Jamaah). The largest Shia tactical organizations in Indonesia are IJABI and ABI. Gerakan Syiah di Indonesia hingga saat ini masih ada. Dengan demikian, pertanyaan yang diajukan adalah mengapa Syiah bisa ada di Indonesia. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah tradisi apa yang dapat membuat Syiah tetap ada sampai sekarang? Apa konsep kepemimpinan di Syiah? Apa organisasi taktis Syiah untuk mendorong Syiah? Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian sejarah, yaitu melakukan pengumpulan data (heuristik), memilih data (kritik), mengkaji dan menganalisis (interpretasi), dan menulis sejarah (historiografi). Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tradisi-tradisi sering dilakukan oleh kaum Syiah termasuk Ahlulbait, Al-Bada ', Ashura, Imamah,' Ishmuh, Mahdawiyah, Marja'iyah, Raj'ah, Taqiyah, Tawasul, Tawalli dan Tabarri. Teori kepemimpinan dalam Islam, pada intinya teori kepemimpinan atau kekuasaan dalam Islam memiliki dua konsepsi yang berbeda, yang pertama, konsepsi Imammah (kepemimpinan menurut Syiah khusus Sy'ah Imammah) dan kedua, konsepsi khalifah (kepemimpinan menurut Sunni (Ahussunnah Wal Jamaah). Organisasi taktis terbesar di Indonesia adalah IJABI dan ABI. 
THE PAST GHOST: THE EXPRESSION OF NARRATIVE IDEOLOGY IN HISTORY TEXTBOOKS DURING THE NEW ORDER AND REFORMASI IN INDONESIA Darmawan, Wawan; Sjamsuddin, helius; Mulyana, Agus
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 28, No 2 (2018): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v28i2.15043

Abstract

Narrative in history textbooks usually refers to the history of Indonesia itself. The written experiences are the stories which are considered as proud for the history of their nation and the government in power. Thus, no wonder if the government changes, the materials which are not in line with the present government will vanish or be eliminated. However, for various topics, this cannot be vanished and changed even though the government changes. This situation looks like a ghost and sometimes can cause fear and anxiety because it comes with a strong figure. The aim of this study is to investigate the narrative expression in the history learning textbooks for Senior High School published in the New Order and Reformasi (reformation) era as ideology. Hence, in order to examine the problem, the researcher used critical discourse analysis method in which its main study was texts. Texts are created in the political and social contexts in which there are social power and domination. The results show that the materials which had vanished and appeared in a different version in the history school textbooks cannot be separated from the influence of the government’s interests or we call it as ideologization in history textbooks. The government in power has an authority with his policy to limit, to add and to eliminate the previous history materials and then interprets himself for an event in the past. Narasi dalam buku pelajaran sejarah biasanya mengacu pada sejarah Indonesia itu sendiri. Pengalaman tertulis adalah kisah-kisah yang dianggap membanggakan sejarah bangsa mereka dan pemerintah yang berkuasa. Dengan demikian, tidak heran jika pemerintah berubah, bahan-bahan yang tidak sejalan dengan pemerintahan sekarang akan lenyap atau dihilangkan. Namun, untuk berbagai topik, ini tidak dapat dihilangkan dan diubah meskipun pemerintah berubah. Keadaan ini terlihat seperti hantu dan terkadang bisa menimbulkan rasa takut dan kecemasan karena muncul dengan sosok yang kuat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki ekspresi naratif dalam buku teks pembelajaran sejarah untuk Sekolah Menengah Atas yang diterbitkan pada era Orde Baru dan Reformasi sebagai ideologi. Oleh karena itu, untuk menguji masalah, peneliti menggunakan metode analisis wacana kritis di mana studi utamanya adalah teks. Teks dibuat dalam konteks politik dan sosial di mana ada kekuatan dan dominasi sosial. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa materi yang telah lenyap dan muncul dalam versi yang berbeda dalam buku pelajaran sekolah sejarah tidak dapat dipisahkan dari pengaruh kepentingan pemerintah atau kita menyebutnya sebagai ideologi dalam buku teks sejarah. Pemerintah yang berkuasa memiliki otoritas dengan kebijakannya untuk membatasi, menambah dan menghilangkan materi sejarah sebelumnya dan kemudian menafsirkan dirinya sendiri untuk suatu peristiwa di masa lalu. 
MADURANISATION NATIVE GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACY ELITE IN BESUKI RESIDENCY 1818-1942 Winarni, Retno
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 28, No 2 (2018): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v28i2.16204

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to discuss how the realization of maduranisation bureaucracy elite in Besuki Residency in 1818-1942. Maduranisation is a policy from the colonial government implicated by the elected candidate of regent. They are Madurese, although geographically, Besuki Resindence is located in East Java. This policy is implicated by argumentation and good political calculation. Besides, the elite communities in Madura are loyal to the Dutch government. They hope that they will have a good relation because the local governments execute the daily governance. On the other hand, the majority of government comes from Javanese. Consequently, the accumulation of power is failed because it is able to destroy the Dutch colonial government. Artikel ini ditulis dengan tujuan untuk membahas tentang bagimana pelaksanaan maduranisasi elite birokrasi di Karesidenan Besuki dari 1818-1942.Maduranisasi adalah sebuah kebijakan dari pemerintah kolonial yang dilaksanakan melalui pemilihan bupati dari etnis Madura walaupun secara geografis Karesidenan Besuki terletak di Jawa Timur. Kebijakan ini dilakukan berdasarkan  argumentasi dan perhitungan politik yang baik bahwa elite Madura sangat loyal terhadap pemerintah Belanda. Pemerintah Belanda berharap di satu pihak bupati dari etnis Madura akan menjadi partner yang baik, sebaliknya di pihak lain Pemerintah Hindia Belanda bisa memotong alur/keturunan dari penguasa lama (Blambangan).  Hasil dari kebijakan ini adalah, empat kabupaten di Karesidenan Besuki secara perlahan didominasi oleh elite Madura, terutama keturunan dari Pamekasan dan Sumenep, sementara keturunan dari penguasa Blambangan hanya memerintah sampai tahun 1889. 

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