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Althea Medical Journal
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23374330     DOI : 10.15850/amj
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Althea Medical Journal (AMJ) is a peer reviewed electronic scientific publication journal which is published every 3 months (March, June, September, and December). Althea Medical Journal publishes articles related to research in biomedical sciences, clinical medicine, family-community medicine, and public health.
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Articles 60 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 3, No 3 (2016)" : 60 Documents clear
Effects of Psidium guajava Leaf Infusion on Streptococci viridans Yi Chen, Hing; Kuswardinah, Ine; Aznur, Laili
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Althea Medical Journal

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Abstract

Background: Dental caries is recognized as the most important oral burden. It is caused by the formation of lactate acid formed through reaction of bacteria and carbohydrates. Streptococci viridans has been proven as the primary etiologic agents for dental caries. Low accessibility in oral care services leads the Indonesian community to use plants in order to prevent dental caries. One of those plants is Psidium guajava (pink guava). The leaves were suggested to have antimicrobial effects on some gram-positive bacteria. When the organism is resistant to specific substance tested on media, a circular/inhibition zone around a disc containing antimicrobial substance was formed. The purpose of this study was to identify the presence of inhibition zones by infusion of Psidium guajava leaf on Streptococci viridians in vitro.Methods: This laboratory experiment was carried out in September to October 2014 at the Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran. Infusions of Psidium guajava leaf were made into four different concentrations (10%, 25%, 50% and 100%, respectively) and the identification of inhibition zones on Streptococci viridans obtained from the laboratory was tested using modified disk diffusion test. Distilled water acted as negative control. The results were then interpreted after 24 hours of incubation. Every procedure was repeated three times.Results: All four concentrations of Psidium guajava leaf infusions have formed inhibition zones on the media, with the highest concentration (100%) producing largest average diameter.Conclusions: The infusion of Psidium guajava leaf produces inhibition zones on Streptococci virdans in vitro. [AMJ.2016;3(3):345–8] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n3.877
Supplement Consumption among Post stroke Patients in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung Rahayu, Annisa; Novitri, Novitri; Utami, Novi Vicahyani
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Althea Medical Journal

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Abstract

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of global disability. Post stroke rehabilitation program becomes the key to gain functional recovery. Thus it minimizes disabilities. Multiple studies have been carried out to gain greater functional outcomes for post stroke patients, including medical therapy such as supplements. However, supplement effectiveness in providing stroke recovery or prevention is still debatable. There is no data of supplement consumption among post stroke patients; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the supplement consumption among post stroke patients.Methods: This study was a cross sectional descriptive study using primary data with a consecutive sampling method. Minimum samples for this study were 42 post stroke respondents who followed rehabilitation program. This study was conducted at Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from June until November 2013. The interviews were done after written informed consent was obtained. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distributin and proportion were used to analyze the data.Results: From 42 respondents, 23 (55%) respondents consumed the supplement. From 34 supplements recorded, 56% were herbs supplements; followed by multivitamin (29%), mineral (6%), multivitamin and mineral (6%), and other supplement (3%). The most frequent ingredients composed in the supplements were B1, B6 and B12 vitamin (7%).Conclusions: More than a half of post stroke patients at Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital are supplement users, with herbal supplements as the majority. The most frequent ingredients used are B1, B6 and B12 vitamin. [AMJ.2016;3(3):451–8]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n3.865
Pattern of Energy and Protein Intake among Stunted Children Aged 3–5 Years in Jatinangor Laurus, Geraldo; Fatimah, Siti Nur; Gurnida, Dida Akhmad
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Althea Medical Journal

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Abstract

Background: A child’s optimal growth can be indicated by many factors, among them is body height, therefore stunting is one of the evidences of undergrowth. Nutrition, on the other hand, is one of variables affecting growth. This study aimed to examine the nutrition intake, in the form of energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat in stunted children aged 3–5 years in Jatinangor.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in September to October 2014 using the random sampling method. Dietary data from 70 stunted children aged 3–5 years in pre–school and kindegarten located in 9 urban areas in Jatinangor were collected through 3x24 Recall and Food Frequency Questionaire and analyzed.Results: Mean energy intake was 1113.6 kcal and mean carbohydrate intake was 137.4 grams. Mean protein intake was 38.4 gram and mean fat intake was 38.2 gram. Types of food highly consumed as the source of carbohydrate were white rice and biscuit, and as the source of protein were meatball, sausage, and egg. Highest consumed vegetables, fruits and snack were water spinach, cabbage, watermelon, banana, and milk respectively.Conclusions: Mean energy intake, mean carbohydrate intake, and mean fat intake are all below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) 2013 with individual value of mean energy intake is below RDA 2013 for all subjects. Mean protein intake is slightly above RDA 2013. [AMJ.2016;3(3):364– 70]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n3.907 
Bacterial Resistance Pattern to Cephalosporin in Patient with Chronic Osteomyelitis at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung Fernandez, Daniel Christian; Utoyo, Ghuna Arioharjo; Suganli, Adhi Kristianto
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Althea Medical Journal

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Abstract

Background: Chronic osteomyelitis remains difficult to treat and has a high rate of relapse after apparently succesful treatment. Cephalosporin has been greatly used for the antibiotic intervention for patient with osteomyelitis. The objective of this study was to explore bacterial profile and its microbial resistance pattern of each generation of cephalosporin from patients with chronic osteomyelitis at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted to 39 medical records from patients with chronic osteomyelitis at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital that met both inclusion and exclusion criteria. The bacterial pattern and antimicrobial susceptibility test results were obtained from both medical record and laboratory database for five years, during the period of Januari 2009 to December 2014. Data of bacterial species, type of Gram staining, and numbers of resistance isolates to antiobiotic were taken from the collected data and analyzed in form of frequency tabulation and percentages.Results: As high as 43−52% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to all generation of cephalosporin. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Streptococcus spp. showed resistance to cephalosporin as high as 29% and 67%, respectively. This study also discovered that 5 of 23 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Klebsiella pneumoniae showed a leading number of resistance pattern for both third and fourth generation of cephalosporin (77%). Enterobacter cloacae showed highly resistance for both first and third generation of cephalosporin, between 57−86%.Conclusions: There is the high resistance of all bacteria to cephalosporin among chronic osteomyelitis patients. [AMJ.2016;3(3):376–81] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n3.883
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients towards Compliance to Treatment in Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat Zahari, Asila Zahiri binti; Yunivita, Vycke; Martha, Januar Wibawa
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Althea Medical Journal

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Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the top ten chronic diseases in the world and the prevalence of this disease will increase in the future including in Indonesia. Treatment of DM needs collaboration between the patients and the providers to prevent multiorgan complications and increase the compliance to treatment. The correlation among the level of knowledge (K), attitude (A) and practice (P) plays an important role of patients towards compliance to treatment. The objectives of this study was to identify the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of DMT2 patient towards compliance to treatment at a primary care facility.Methods: This study was carried out by using cross sectional descriptive study from August until November 2013 in Public Health Center (Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat/Puskesmas) Tanjungsari, Sumedang, West Java. There were 49 respondents and the sampling method used was non-probability sampling. The data was collected through face to face interview using questionnaire which consist of 27 questions about knowledge, attitude and practice. The collected data was anayzed using computer and was presented in the form of tables and a figure.Results: This study discovered that 22 patients had moderate knowledge, 17 patients had good knowledge and 10 patients had poor knowledge. As for attitude, there were 32 patients had good attitude and 17 patients had moderate attitude. Whereas, for practice, 44 patients were good and 5 patients were moderate.Conclusions: Majority of respondent had moderate knowledge, good attitude and practices. [AMJ.2016;3(3):416–20]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n3.871
Hepatoprotective Effect of Trigona spp. Bee Propolis against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Rat Amelia, Rachel; Achadiyani, Achadiyani; Bestari, M. Begawan
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Althea Medical Journal

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Abstract

Background: Oxidative stress reaction can cause liver injury. This process can be prevented by antioxidant activities which can break the destructive chain caused by free radical substances in the liver. Propolis produced by Trigona spp. bee is known to have a high level of antioxidant. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Trigona spp. bee propolis on liver histological toxicity caused by carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress.Methods:This experimental study was conducted in September 2013 at the Animal Laboratory of Departement of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran. Twenty-four healthy male Wistar rats as objects were adapted for one week and randomly divided into 3 groups. Group I was the control negative, group II was given carbon tetrachloride on day 14, group III was given Trigona spp. bee propolis on day 1-14. On day 14, group III was injected CCl4 intraperitoneally. The quantitative data were statistically analyzed using the one way ANOVA and Tukey test with p value < 0.05.Results: Group I showed the liver contained normal cells, without significant injury of the membrane, round and complete nucleus. The average number of liver cell was 464 ± 9.59281 cells/field; group II underwent necrosis and the average of the cells was 146 ± 7.56885 cells/field; group III showed some normal liver cells, and some necrotic area with the normal liver cells average was 263 ± 14.10860 cells/field. The p-value=0.00.Conclusions: Trigona spp. bee propolis has a hepatoprotective effect against CCl4-induced liver injury histologically. [AMJ.2016;3(3):481–5]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n3.861 
Gestational Age Conformity between New Ballard Score and Last Menstrual Period in Newborn with Respiratory Distress Syndrome Sakinah, Wulan Dwi; Primadi, Aris; Prajitno, Ihrul Prianza
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Althea Medical Journal

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Abstract

Background: Gestational age is required to determine diagnosis and optimal management of newborns. The gold standard for gestational age determination is the first day of last menstrual period (LMP). However, not all mothers remember their LMP. Another method for gestational age determination after birth is the New Ballard Score (NBS). This method measures gestational age using two main components, namely neorumuscular and physical maturity. In premature infants, surfactant deficiency leads to hypoxia which eventually leads to neuromuscular disorders. This situation may cause younger gestational age estimation when using NBS. The objective of this study was to analyze the conformity between NBS and LMP in determining gestational age in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 35 newborns with RDS that were recorded in 2012 database in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Data on the date of birth, LMP, NBS soon after birth, sex, birth weight, type of delivery and diagnosis were collected and analyzed statistically using Wilcoxon test.Results: The study showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between gestational age determination done using NBS soon after birth and LMP in newborns with RDS.Conclusions: Gestational age determination based on NBS soon after birth does not conform the LMP in newborns with RDS. [AMJ.2016;3(3):401–4]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n3.888
Oropharyngeal Colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae among Medical Students in Indonesia Valencia, Stella; Mulyana, Yanti; Dhianawaty, Diah
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Althea Medical Journal

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Abstract

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae may colonize the upper respiratory tract without causing any symptoms. Medical students may be inhabited by these bacteria and transmit them to patients who were prone to infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance to antibiotics was recently reported. This study was conducted to determine whether there was Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization among Medical Students of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran Batch 2011 and analyze its susceptibility patterns towards several antibiotics.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted involving 75 Medical Students of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran Batch 2011 that met the selection criteria. After informed consent, oropharyngeal throat swab was taken and further identification was carried out. Once Streptococcus pneumoniae colony was identified, susceptibility testing would be performed.Results: The identification results indicate that 7 students (9%) were colonized by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The susceptibility test showed that out of 7 isolates, 2 were resistant to 1 antibiotic, 1 was resistant to 2 antibiotics, and 4 were resistant to 3 antibiotics. Meanwhile, Streptococcus pneumoniae was resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (71%), oxacillin (71%), erythromycin (57%), and levofloxacin (14%).Conclusions: Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization is found among medical students. All Streptococcus pneumoniae are resistant to one or more antibiotics, mostly to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and oxacillin. [AMJ.2016;3(3):349–54] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n3.878 
Relation between Risk Factors of Pyoderma and Pyoderma Incidence Depari, Lila Indria; Sugiri, Unwati; Hamied, Lola Ilona Fuad Abdul
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Althea Medical Journal

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Abstract

Background: Pyoderma is a purulent bacterial infection of the skin. In developing countries, pyoderma is the most common skin disease in children. Pyoderma attacks male more often than female. Factors influencing pyoderma are low socioeconomic level, low education, low personal hygiene and unhygienic house. This study was conducted to assess the relation between risk factors of pyoderma and pyoderma incidence.Methods: This study used cross-sectional study design and was conducted from August–November 2013. The sample collection was done with multistage random sampling, where 196 primary school children in Jatinangor subdistrict were randomly taken to be admitted into this study. The data collection procedure consisted of physical examination and questionnaire filling. The data were statistically analyzed using independent T and chi-square test.Results: Upon examining 196 subjects, four were found with pyoderma. As such, the prevalence of pyoderma on primary school children in Jatinangor in 2013 was 2%. There was relation between personal hygiene and pyoderma incidence (p=0.041). Sex (p=0.623), healthy housing (p=0.097), socioeconomic level (p=0.742) and education level of parents (p=0.989) were not related with pyoderma.Conclusions: Personal hygiene is the risk factor that had relation with incidence of pyoderma. [AMJ.2016;3(3):434–39] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n3.867
Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Methotrexate Alone or A Combination of Methotrexate and Hydroxychloroquine Nadarajah, Natharubini; Pramudyo, Riardi; Kuswinarti, Kuswinarti
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Althea Medical Journal

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Abstract

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes significant morbidity in most patients and also premature mortality in some. To prevent this, therapeutic approaches call for the early treatment of RA by using disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDSs), either as single therapy or combination therapy. Although in the previous decade DMARDs were rarely used as combination, however now they are used widely to treat RA. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of methotrexate (MTX) alone and the combination of MTX & hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in RA patients.Methods: An analytic retrospective cohort study was conducted from May 2014 until October 2014, on 46 patients with RA in the rheumatology clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from January 2009−October 2014 who were taking MTX or MTX & HCQ for at least 1 year. The secondary data obtained from these patients’ medical record were then analyzed using the independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test.Results: The study showed that 93.48% of the patients were females. The mean change in disease activity measures were not significant for any of the parameter (p-value for SJC = 0.337; TJC = 0.676; ESR = 0.780). Also the comparisons of the disease activity score (DAS 28) before and after therapy was not significant (p-value = 0.584).Conclusion: There is no difference in the effectiveness of DMARD monotherapy with MTX and combination therapy with MTX & HCQ in RA patients.DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n3.474

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