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Althea Medical Journal
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23374330     DOI : 10.15850/amj
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Althea Medical Journal (AMJ) is a peer reviewed electronic scientific publication journal which is published every 3 months (March, June, September, and December). Althea Medical Journal publishes articles related to research in biomedical sciences, clinical medicine, family-community medicine, and public health.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,068 Documents
 70   71   72   73   74 
Level of Dependency Based on Barthel and Lawton Score in Older People Living in Panti Werdha, Ciparay Rizky Nurwan Diyanto; Marina A. Moeliono; Lazuardhi Dwipa
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: The population of older people continues to increase. Thus, many kinds of health-related problems can occur, such as a decrease independence level in performing activities of daily living (ADL) which can be assessed by using Barthel and Lawton index. Barthel index assesses basic ADL such as mobility function, continence, and self-care. Lawton index assesses instumental ADL that are a person’s ability to use tools and face other people. There are no data available reflecting the dependency of the older people at Panti Werdha, Ciparay . This study aimed to observe the level of dependence of the older people in Panti Werdha using Barthel and Lawton index.Methods: This study was a descriptive study and was conducted at Panti Werdha, Ciparay from September to November 2015 using the total population. The level of dependence in the older people was assessed by Barthel and Lawton index. Barthel index was divided into independent, mild dependent, moderate dependent, severe dependent, and totally dependent. Lawton index was divided into independent, low dependent, high dependent, and totally dependent.Results: A total of 144 older people participated as respondents in this study. Based on the Barthel index score, it showed that 51.4% of the subjects were dependent. As for the Lawton index scor¬¬e, it showed that 81.2% of the subjects were dependent.Conclusions: Most of the older people in Panti Werdha, Ciparay are categorized as dependent, where they will need help in performing basic and instrumental ADL. [AMJ.2016;3(4):493–8] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n4.929
Comparison between Palpation and Superficial Marking Techniques in Determining Infraorbital Foramen in Chinese Women Lindawati Lindawati; Arifin Soenggono; Hardi Siswo
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

 Background: Difficulties in determining infraorbital foramen were often found in anesthesia procedures, reconstruction surgery, acupuncture, and botox insertion. The most common technique used is palpation technique. However, there are some  disadvantages in this technique.The aim of this study was to  establish a new superficial marking technique to determine the position of infraorbital foramen by making a horizontal imaginary line from the top part of nose wings.Methods: This study was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran in Jatinangor-Sumedang during the period of April to November 2012. A total of thirty Chinese female students were assessed to measure the mean distance between the inferior orbital margin to the infra orbital foramen and inferior orbital margin to horizontal imaginary line from the top part of nose wings. The differences were then checked using paired t-test.Results: There was a significance difference between the mean distance of the inferior orbital margin to the infra orbital foramen and the inferior orbital margin to the horizontal imaginary line from the top part of the nose wings on the right and left face of Chinese women with p<0.05 (p=0.000).Conclusion: Infra orbital foramen cannot be determined by using superficial marking technique in Chinese women.Keywords: Infra orbital foramen, palpation technique, superfacial marking techniqueDOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n1.427  
Effect of Centella asiatica Leaves on Gastric Ulcer in Rats Ester Mariska; Trully D. Sitorus; Januarsih A. Rachman
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

  Background: Gastric ulcer is disruption of gastric mucosal integrity due to lack of smaller defensive factors (e.g. mucus levels) than gastric aggressive factors. Centella asiatica is a traditional medicine that contains triterpenoids and flavonoids. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of ethanol extract of Centell aasiatica leaves for preventing gastric mucus level reduction of aspirin-induced gastric ulcer model in rats and compared it to misoprostol.Methods: An experimental laboratory study using 24 rats that were divided into 4 groups. Group I (negative control) received carboxymethy cellulose (CMC) solution, group II (positive control) received CMC and aspirin 450mg/kg, group III (tested group) received Centella asiatica 400 mg/kg and aspirin 450 mg/kg, group IV (compared group) received misoprostol 72μg/kg and aspirin 450mg/kg for three days. Then the rats were laparatomied and their gastric mucus levels were measured. The results were statistically analyzed by Independent T-test.Results: The mean levels of gastric mucus of group I, II, III, IV, respectively were 0.112; 0.035; 0.537; 0.455 optical densities per gram of tissue. The statistical test suggested a significant difference between the positive control group and tested group. Moreover there is no significant difference between the tested group and compared group.Conclusions: Centella asiatica leaves can prevent gastric mucus level reduction of aspirin-induced gastric ulcer model in rats and has similar effect in gastric mucus level with misoprostol.Keywords: Centella asiatica, gastric mucus, gastric ulcer, misoprostolDOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n1.444 
Handwashing among Schoolchildren in Jatinangor, West Java Cheryl May Chong Sue Faye; Chrysanti Chrysanti; Sharon Gondodiputro
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: Diarrhea and pneumonia accounts for an estimated 40% of all child deaths around the world each year. Handwashing with soap could protect about 1 out of every 3 young children who get sick with diarrhea and almost 1 out of 6 young children with respiratory infections like pneumonia. Although people around the world clean their hands with water, very few use soap to wash their hands. Washing hands with soap removes germs much more effectively. This study was undertaken to determine the level of knowledge and practice regarding proper handwashing among elementary school children.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted from August to October 2014 in Jatinangor using primary data from respondents who are 5th graders from four schools. A total of 49 males and 50 females were chosen using cluster random sampling. Schoolchildren who were present, able and well were given questionnaires after written informed consent was obtained from the schoolchildren and their guardians. Then, respondents demonstrated hand-washing techniques which were evaluated using a checklist.Results: Overall, 52% of the schoolchildren had moderate level of hand washing knowledge and 66% had bad handwashing practices.Conclusions: Despite having a moderate level of handwashing knowledge, the majority still had poor handwashing practices. Handwashing programs should be carried out extensively to improve knowledge and practice.[AMJ.2016;3(2):170–4]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n2.795
Undernutrition as Risk Factor of Hydrocephalus Prevalence in Children with Tuberculous Meningitis John Patria Maruli Sinaga; Nelly Amalia Risan; Uni Gamayani
Althea Medical Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: Hydrocephalus is the most frequent neurological complication in children with tuberculous meningitis. Tuberculosis infection cannot be separated from nutritional status. Children with undernutrition have decreased immunity thus could affect clinical manifestation of tuberculous meningitis. This study was conducted to identify the relationship between undernutrition and the prevalence of hydrocephalus in tuberculous meningitis.Methods: An analytic observational study was carried out to 38 medical records of children with tuberculous meningitis in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital from 2007 to 2015. Variables that were studied included gender, age, advanced stage of disease, motoric paralysis, history of seizure, nutritional status and hydrocephalus. The collected data were analyzed using Chi-Square test. Results: Out of 21 subjects with undernutrition, 11 subjects were found to have hydrocephalus. The analysis using chi-square was statistically significant (p=0.009). Prevalence ratio=4.45 (CI 95% 1.14−45.43), meaning tuberculous meningitis children with undernutrition were at risk of hydrocephalus 4.45 times greater than children with normal nutritional status.Conclusions: Undernutrition may increase the risk of hydrocephalus in children with tuberculous meningitis. [AMJ.2017;4(1):143–7] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.1036
Factors Affecting Mortality in Adult Tetanus Patients Lohghinee Khrisnan; Anam Ong; Ramdan Panigoro
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: Tetanus is a devastating disease that is associated with high mortality. The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic factors that were associated with high mortality in tetanus. Methods: This was an analytical study and the data was collected retrospectively from 1 January 2010–31October 2012 in the Department of Neurology, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital.Results: Out of hundred thirty two cases only 87 cases of tetanus patient have complete medical records. There were 54 male and 33 female. The age range was 35-49 years old. Mortality rate was high (32.18%). The most frequent wound site is extremities (85.07 %). The absence of post-injury tetanus vaccination was 75.86%, period of onset <48 hours was 67.82% and the use of mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy 36.07%. Mortality was significantly associated with an incubation period <7 days (p<0.05), presence of fever(p <0.05), co morbidity of autonomic storm (p<0.01), and the severity of the disease by grade 5 (p<0.05).Conclusions: Factors affecting the mortality in adult tetanus patients were significant for incubation period, fever, co morbidity and severity of the disease by grade. [AMJ.2015;2(1):157–61]
Health Promotion Activities in Bandung Public Health Centre (Puskesmas) Siti Fairuz Nadya; Insi Farisa Desy Arya; Anggraini Alam
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: Health promotion is one of Public Health Centre (Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat, Puskesmas) essential health effort able to increase community health status. The purpose of this study was to describe health promotion activities in Bandung Public Health Centre (Puskesmas).Methods: This study was a cross sectional descriptive study using questionnaire as data collection instrument. The questionnaires were distributed to 24 Puskesmas in Bandung that were selected randomly using simple random sampling method. The process of questionnaire filling was performed by health promotion officer after informed consent was done. The variables were basic health promotion strategies, health promotion supports, health promotion in health facility and health promotion in community.Results: Most of the Puskesmas showed that basic health promotion strategies, health promotion in health facility and health promotion in community were already done. Support media that was mostly used was printed media while lectures was the most used method. Human resources practitioner and coordinator of health promotion were dominated by mid level health workers consists of midwife and nurse. This study showed that the majority of health promotion coordinator had underwint training and certificate related to health promotion. The availability of funds were possessed by 13 out of 24 sample. While, health promotion guideline were possessed by less than half of the sample.Conclusions: Health promotion is done in almost all sample. There is lack of health promotion support in the form of the availability of funds and guideline of health promotion method. [AMJ.2016;3(3):459–67]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n3.864
Profile of Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Flexibility and Fat Percentage of Junior High School Students in Jatinangor Gemuruh Putra Akbar; Ambrosius Purba; Yenni Zuhairini Suhadi
Althea Medical Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (217.061 KB) | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.1085

Abstract

Background: Obesity and physical inactivity is a major risk factor for non-communicable disease and global mortality in adolescent. Lack of physical activity will lead the condition into poor physical fitness, measured by cardio respiratory fitness (maximum oxygen volume, VO2 max), and other components such as flexibility. The study aimed to describe VO2 max, flexibility and fat percentage among junior high school students in Jatinangor.Methods: The study was a descriptive observational study using descriptive analysis.  VO2 max was assessed using Astrand Ryhming step test, flexibility was measured using flexometer sit and reach test, and fat percentage was determined using bioelectrical impedance analysis scale. The subjects were junior high school students who were study in 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade in Jatinangor Junior High School based on stratification sampling method. It was conducted from September–October 2013.Results: Total subjects were 110 students consisted of male (n=52) and female (n=58).  The VO2 max were in good and above category, 57.69% of male (50.37 ± 9.80 ml/kg/min), and 60.34% of female (37.66±7.03 ml/kg/min). The flexibility for both males and females were within excellent category (67.31%, 26.56 ±7.14 cm and 67.24%, 27.29±6.64 cm respectively). The fat percentage in females were within healthy category (67.24%, 25.28 ± 6.85 %), meanwhile male were within underfat category (48.08%, 11.66 ± 5.83 %).Conclusions: The majority of VO2 max, and flexibility both in male and female were good. The fat percentages were good in female students, while in male students were under normal range.DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.1085
Clinical Characteristic and Outcome of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children with Congenital Heart Disease Krystle Gabriela; Rahmat Budi Kuswiyanto; Fenny Dwiyatnaningrum
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (ALRTI) is the leading cause of deaths in children under 5 years of age worldwide, and has high morbidity and mortality in children with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD). The objective of this study was to obtain the incidence, clinical characteristic, and outcome of ALRTI children with CHD.Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted from January 2007–December 2011 to medical record of child patients with ALRTI and CHD in the Department of Child Health of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. The diagnosis of CHD was determined by echocardiography. The collected data was analyzed and presented in percentage shown in tables.Results : From 3,897 children who had ALRTI, there were 149 children with CHD (3.8%), with 11.4% of whom founded with recurrent episodes. This happened often in girls than boys with quite similar ratio of 1.37: 1.The majority of children (80%) was under 1 year old of age, 72.5% with malnutrition, and 24.8% with severe malnutrition. Clinical symptoms mostly found were difficulty of breathing (98%), fever (85.2%), cough (75.2%), and runny nose (63.1%). The most common types of CHD were Patent Ductus Arteriosus (47.6%), followed by Ventricular Septal Defect (47%). Bronchopneumonia (86.6%) was the common type of ALRTI. The length of stay was mostly less than 10 days (70.5%). From all the children 43.7% had complications, and 6.7% died.Conclusions: The ALRTI in children with CHD is not common and has good outcome. The majority for CHD lesions are Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Ventricular Septal Defect while for ALRTI is Bronchopneumonia. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.483
Bixa Orellana L Leaf infusion as an Anti-inflammatory Agent in Carrageenan-induced Wistar Rats Sabrina Munggarani Yusuf; Enny Rohmawaty; Rama Nusjirwan
Althea Medical Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: One of the characteristics of inflammation is swelling or edema. Inflammation can be treated with traditional medicine, such as Bixa orellana L. Bixa orellana L leaf  contains flavonoid and tannin responsible for its anti-inflammatory effect. This study was conducted to analyse the ability of Bixa orellana L leaf infusion (BOLI) to suppress paw edema in carrageenan-induced Wistar rats.Methods: This study was conducted in the Animal Laboratory of Department of Pharmacology and Therapy Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran in October 2012. Bixa orellana L leaves were procured from Lembang, Bandung, and were botanically identified at the Herbarium of Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor. Thirty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Group 1 was given 5 mL aquades as a control, three groups received BOLI with 0,09 g; 0,18 g; and 0,36 g dosage respectively; and group 5 was given 0,9 mg diclofenac. At 1 hour after treatment, all rats were induced by carrageenan injection subcutaneously. Paw edema changes were quantified at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 24 hour afterwards. Data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney testResults: Based on paw edema inhibition percentage, 0.18 g of BOLI was shown most effective (16.97%) compared to 0.09 g (10.96%) and 0.36 g (7.50%). Interestingly, no significant differences of anti-inflammatory effect were observed between groups that were treated with 0,18 g of BOLI and diclofenac (p > 0,005).Conclusions: The BOLI can suppress inflammation comparable to diclofenac. The effective dosage is 0.18 g/200 g BW/day.[AMJ.2014;1(1):7–12]Keywords: anti-inflammatory, Bixa orellana L leaf, paw edema Infusa Daun Kesumba (Bixa Orellana L) sebagai Anti Inflamasi pada Tikus Wistar yang Diinduksi Carrageenan Latar Belakang: Salah satu ciri khas dari peradangan atau inflamasi adalah adanya pembengkakan atau edema. Peradangan dapat diobati  dengan obat tradisional, seperti Kesumba (Bixa orellana). Daun Kesumba diketahui mengandung flavonoid dan tanin yang berfungsi sebagai anti-inflamasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis kemampuan infusa daun kesumba (Bixa orellana) (BOLI) dalam mengurangi edema tungkai pada kaki tikus Wistar yang diinduksi Carrageenan.Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Hewan Departemen Farmakologi dan Terapi di Rumah Sakit Umum Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada bulan Oktober 2012. Daun Kesumba (Bixa Orellana) diperoleh dari Lembang, Bandung, dan diidentifikasi botani di Herbarium Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor. Tiga puluh tikus Wistar betina secara acak dibagi menjadi lima kelompok. Kelompok kontrol negatif diberi 5 mL aquades, tiga kelompok menerima BOLI dengan 0,09 g; 0,18 g; dan masing-masing 0,36 g dosis; sedangkan kelompok kontrol positif diberikan 0,9 mg diklofenak. Pada 1 jam setelah pengobatan, semua tikus diinduksi oleh subkutan injeksi karagenan. Perubahan edema (Paw) yang diukur pada 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, dan 24 jam sesudahnya. Data dianalisis denganmenggunakanKruskal-Wallis dan uji Mann-Whitney.Hasil: Berdasarkan persentase pengurangan edema tungkai, kelompok 0,18g BOLI terlihat paling efektif (16,9%) dibandingkan dengan 0,09 g (10,9%) dan 0,36 g (7,5%). Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan dari efek anti-inflamasi yang diamati antara kelompok-kelompok yang diobati dengan 0,18 g BOLI dan diklofenak (p> 0.005).Simpulan: Infusa Daun Kesumba (Bixaorellana) dapat menekan peradangan sama baiknya dengan diklofenak. Dosis efektif adalah 0,18 g /200 g BB / hari.Kata kunci: anti-inflamasi, daun kesumba (Bixaorellana), edema tungkai DOI: 10.15850/amj.v1n2.347

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