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INDONESIA
Medical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 08531773     EISSN : 22528083     DOI : 10.13181
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
This quarterly medical journal is an official scientific journal of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with German-Indonesian Medical Association (DIGM) Indexed in: IMSEAR; CAB Abstracts; Global Health; HINARI; DOAJ; DRJI; Google Scholar; JournalTOCs; Ulrichsweb Global Serial Directory; WorldCat; New Jour; Electronic Journals Library; ISJD Accredited (2013-2018) by DIKTI Kemendikbud Republik Indonesia (No:58/DIKTI/Kep/2013)
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Articles 1,648 Documents
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Some medical and other risk factors for current cesarean section in a Jakarta hospital
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 4 (2001): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v10i4.39

Abstract

For the last year the prevalence of cesarean section (CS) increased in several countries as well as in Indonesia. In Indonesia there was no comprehensive study on risk factors related to CS. This case-control study was conducted at Fatmawati Hospital in Jakarta from 1 July 200 until 31 January 2001. Data was extracted from available medical records. Ceserean section was defined as a delivery through laparotomy. The control group consisted of subjects having vaginal deliveries. For each cases were selected randomly a control based on the date before or after 18 October 2000. Subject who had fetal distress had 544-folds increased risk to be CS relative to those who did not have fetal distress [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 544.86; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 71.85- 4131.78]. Furthermore, relative those who did not have dystocia, those who had dystocia had 143 times increased risk to be CS (adjusted OR = 52.86; 95% CI = 52.86 - 391.17). In term of previous CS, subjects who ever had previous CS had 30 times increased risk to be CS compared with the subjects who never had CS (adjusted OR = 30.23; 95% CI = 12.06 - 75.57). In contrast, compared with those who non cash payment, those who paid in cash had a lowered risk of 80% (adjusted OR = 0.20; 95% CI = 0.11-0.34). In conclusion, previous CS, dystocia, pre eclampsia, other medical indications, fetal distress, and non cash hospitalization expences increased risk of CS. (Med J Indones 2001; 10: 230-4)
The chronopharmacological effect of curcumin on human gall-bladder
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 4 (2001): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v10i4.40

Abstract

Human gallbladder physiologically contracts and relaxes periodically. It has been demonstrated that curcumin (C) an active compound of Curcuma xanthorrhiza and Curcuma domestica produces a positive cholekinetic effect. The objective of this study is to define the influence of physiologic contraction and refilling of human gallbladder on the cholekinetic effect of Curcumin, and to determine the rime to achieve the maximum gall-bladder contraction after administration of 40 mg curcumin. Twelve healthy volunteers ingested 40 mg C and placebo (P) in a randomized double blind cross over study design. The volumes of gallbladder before and after taking C and P were half hourly determined by utrasonography and calculated using the ellipsoid methad for 6.0 hours. After P administration there is no gallbladder contraction. While afier C administration there was a contraction phase for 2 hours followed by a refilling phase for another 2.5 hours and then followed by second gall-bladder contraction started for 4.5 up to 6.0 hours. The maximal volume of gallblndder after 6.A hours was less than the basal volume, The cholekinetic effect of C is not chronopharmacologically influenced by the gall-bladder physiologic periodic contraction and refilling. The maximum contraction effect of C was achieved at 2 hours after oral administraion. (Med J Indones 2001; 10: 219-23)
Language barrier, funding, communication and time management problems found in the Medical Journal of Indonesia, 1995 - 2001
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 4 (2001): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v10i4.41

Abstract

The objective of this study is to assess the problems encountered in the management of Medical Journal of Indonesia and whether any progress has been achieved during the past 7 years. A retrospective descriptive study was done in the MJI. Available data used as parameters were: number of articles submitted and author's home institution, number of articles submitted and rejected, cause/criteria of rejection, qualification of reviewers and editors, duration of manuscript processing, and whether pre-scheduled time is met in the Med J Indones. For this purpose, all manuscripts from January 1995- January 2001 were evaluated. In addition, recent problems encountered were noted. Problems encountered were limited supply of manuscript that might be due to language barrier, decrease in circulation due to limited budget, communication problems due to seniority, and increase in average processing time that might be due to restriction in the time allocated for MJI Number of articles submitted by authors originating from national versus foreign institutions in 1995-1997 was 101 versus 16, and in 1998 - 2000 were 124 versus 84. Articles rejected were ±26.4 % (1999-2001) and the most frequent causes of rejection were insignificancy of substance and improper data analysis. As for the qualification of editors there was an increase in the number of PhDs and professors. Average processing time is approximately 1.5 times the scheduled time. It seems that the 4 main problems encountered were (1) Language barrier, (2) Funding, (3) Communication problems and (4) Time management; and though not impressive, there are definitely positive changes in the number of manuscipts submitted, qualification of editors and peer reviewers. Average processing time is about the same, and the prescheduled time of editing is yet to be met. (Med J Indones 2001; 10: 252-8)
Menopause and hormone replacement therapy
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 4 (2001): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v10i4.42

Abstract

The global population in the 21st century has reached 6.2 billion people, by the year 2025 it is to be around 8.3-8.5 billion, and will increase further. Elderly people are expected to grow rapidly than other groups. The fastest increase in the elderly population will take place in Asia. Life expectancy is increasing steadily throughout developed and developing countries. For many menopausal women, increased life expectancy will accompanied by many health problems. The consequences of estrogen deficiency are the menopausal symptoms. The treatment of menopause related complaints and diseases became an important socioeconomic and medical issue. Long term symptoms, such as the increase in osteoporosis fractures, cardio and cerebrovascular disesses and dementia, created a large financial burden on individuals and society. All these health problems can be lreated or prevented by hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Natural HRT is usually prefened. Synthetic estrogen in oral contraceptives (oc) are not recommended for HRT. Many contra-indications for oc, but now it is widely usedfor HRT. The main reasons for discontinuing HRT are unwanted bleeding, fear of cancer, and negative side effects. Until now there are sill debates about the rebrtonship between HRT and the incidence of breast cancer. Many data showed that there were no clear relationship between the use of HRT and breast cancer. Therefore, nwny experts advocate the use of HRTfrom the first sign of climacteric complaints until death. (Med J Indones 2001;10: 242-51)
The effect of continuous exposure to electromagnetic fïeld on four successive generations of mice
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2002): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i1.43

Abstract

The objective of this study is to know the biobgical effects of electromagnetic field treatment on four successive generations of mice. Fourty eight male and female mice of Swiss Webster Strain, 3 months of old, and 35 - 40 g body weight, were kept in a controlled environment and fed a standard diet. Mice were divided into 6 groups of four couples each. The first group was exposed to electromagnetic field of I kV/10 cm, the second group to 2 kV/10 cm, and the third group to 3 kV/10 cm. The remaining 3 groups were served as untreated controls of the first, second, and third group, respectively. Each couple of mice was placed in a cage (26x20x11 cm) with wire metal cage tops. The cages of experimental groups with mice inside, were then put on the negative terminal plate of a pair of parallel aluminium plate electrodes. These cages were perpendicular to the positive electrode plate at a distance of I0 cm. Subsequently, the electrodes were connected to stepup transformer as an alternating current power supply. All mice belonging to experimental and untreated control groups were allowed to mate, gastate, and deliver the first up to fourth generations, During investigation, all generations of experimental groups were continuously treated to electromagnetic field, while generations of untreated control groups received no treatment to electromagnetic field, During the study, all mice were housed in a room having a temperature of 26o’ C and a light - dark cycle of 12:12 hours. The results of this study showed that exposure of mice to electromagnitic field results in reduced fertility with no change in sex ratio of the offspring. Exposure to electromagnetic field, however, were effective in inducing congenital anomalies, such as micropthalmy, white eyes, short hind legs, dwarf mice, and tumors in both sexes of the offspring which caused of death after 3 - 4 months of old. A large mortality rate were found, especially in the third and fourth generations. No congenital anomalies and tumors were noted in untreated controls. ln conclusion, we suggest that several facts which found in this study were the result of changes in genetic material of the sperm or eggs during spermatogenesis or oogenesis, respectively, i.e. a mutagenic effect. This interaction between electromagnetic field and the living cell, may then cause biological effects on cells, tissues, and organs, so that finally there are consequences for the whole organisms. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 3-10) Keywords: electromagnetic field, fertility, mortality rate, congenital anomalies, tumor, mice
Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) on the body weight, blood pressure and vaginal bleeding in menopausal women
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2002): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i1.44

Abstract

This study was a descriptive, retrospective trial conducted in 29 menopausal women. Each patient received treatment with conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.625 mg/day + medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 5 mg/hari continuously for the period of 6 months. The average age of menopause was 53.7 years with duration of menopause of 5.5 years. The education level of patients was Senior High School and higher. During the period of 6 months of continuous combined HRT, a significant increase of body weight and systolic blood pressure was found, while diastolic blood pressure did not have any significant change. Vaginal bleeding in the form of spotting occurred in 69% of the patients during the use of continuous combined HRT. (Med J Indones 2002; 11:11-4)Keywords: continuous HRT, menopause, body weight, blood pressure, bleeding
A randomized comparative trial of first-dose response to Angiotensin- Converting Enzyme Perindopril and Captopril in Indonesian heart failure patients
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2002): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i1.45

Abstract

Several large placebo-controlled trials have confirmed that angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors significantly reduce mortality aid morbidity in all functional grades of congestive heart failure (CHF), nevertheless only a proportion of patients who may benefit from treatment are priscribed an ACE inhibitor. One of the perceived difficulties is the occurrence of first-dose hypotension in susceptible patients. A double-blind, randomised, single-dose therapy, parallel-group study was conducted with the aim to compare the first-dose responses to low dose ACE inhibitors captopril and perindopril in patients with stable chronic heart failure. Seventy patients (New York Heart Association class I-IV) were included. Blood pressure was recorded every 15 minutes 2 hours before starting treatment. The mean of these readings was taken as the baseline blood pressure. Patients were randomised to receive a single-dose of captopril 6.25 mg or perindopril 2 mg. After taking the drug, blood pressure was monitored every 15 minutes for 2 hours, every 30 minutes during 5 hours then hourly after 2 hours. The maximum mean arterial pressure fall from baseline of perindopril was 0.85 mmHg compared to captopril 4.60 mmHg. The maximum mean systolic fall from baseline of perindopril was 3 '31 'mmHg compared to captopril 6.76 mmHg while the maximum mean diastolic fall from baseline of perindopril was 1.08 mmHg compared to captopril 2.63 mmHg. The hypotensive effect of the captopril group started soon after dosing and reached its maximum after 1 to 2 hours while perindopril showed slight reduction of systolic after 1 hour and slight reduction of diastolic after 4 hours. Compared to captopril, perindopril seemed to be less likely to cause first-dose hypotension in patients with heart failure. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 19-23)Keywords: first dose hypotension, perindopril, captopril, chronic heart failure
Evaluating mental stress test in coronary artery disease treadmill positive patients
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2002): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i1.46

Abstract

Evaluation of CAD is more routinely done by treadmill test (TMT i.e. physical strain) than the more frequently occurring mental strain, so a study was planned to assess the provocability of ischaemia by various mental tasks in patient with positive TMT. Thirty educated subjects, positive on TMT were put on a 24 hour holter monitoring. During this time, subjects were assessed by Mental Stress Test (MST) by subjecting to various mental tasks - (a) Time stress test (b) Mental arithmetic test (c) Reading test (d) Zeigarnik effect test and observed for heart rate, blood pressure and ischaemic/arrhythmia responses. The results showed that the male : female ratio was 14:1 with a mean age of 57 ± 8.03 years. The mean change produced during MST in (a) heart rate was 9.16 (SD ± 1.24)/min (b) SBP was 8.86 (SD ± 1.32) mmHg (c) rate pressure product was 82x103; which were statistically low (p<0.001) when compared to haemodynamic changes with TMT. Ischaemia was inducible in only one subject by MST and no increased incidence of arrhythmias during MST was noticed. The low yield of inducible ischaemia by MST when compared to TMT could be due to poor haemodynamic responses achieved by MST when compared to responses of TMT (p<0.001). It is concluded that mental stress does produce ischaemic changes. More intense and sustained MST's which could bring about significant haemodynamic changes are required for inducing ischaemia as by TMT. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 36-40) Keywords: coronary, ischaemia, mental task, stress test, treadmill
Incidence and cause of acute confusion in elderly patients
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2002): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i1.47

Abstract

Acute confusion is a clinical syndrome in the elderly whose diagnosis is made by acute onset of disturbance of consciousness, impairment of cognition and fluctuating perception and has an underlying medical cause associated with usually serious medical illness. Acute confusion has a high morbidity and mortality, and patient need to stay longer in the hospital, have a higher risk for institutionalization and immobilization. The aim of this study is to recognize the incidence and most of medical illness, which cause acute confusion in elderly patients, a retrospective study based on medical record of elderly patients who were hospitalized in Dr Kariadi hospital since 1998 to 1999. 5407 elderly patients were hospitalized, but only 5191 were analyzed and included in this study. 35% (992 men and 846 women) elderly patients had acute confusion on first arrival and 7% ( 197 men and 176 women) acute confusion appears in the ward. Total acute confusion was 40.89%. The mortality rate was 29% (263 women and 381 men). Three most frequent cause of death were sepsis (10.04%); hemorrhagic stroke (5.11%); multifactor (4.16%). Top ten diseases, which cause acute confusion, were hepatic encephalopathy, hemorrhagic stroke, sepsis, moderate dehydration due to gastoenteritis, hyponatremia, acute myocardial infarction, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmia cordis. (Med J lndones 2002; 11: 30-35)Keywords: acute confusional state, geriatric patients, hospital study
Open study of short course Fleroxacin for Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2002): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i1.48

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical and bacteriological effect of short course fleroxacin in uncomplicated typhoid and paratyphoid fever patients. Four hundred mg of fleroxacin was given oraly once daily for a period of 3 to 5 days. The diagnosis of typhoid and paratyphoid fever was established by clinical picture as well as blood culture or Widal serology test. Thirty patients in whom the clinical picture was confirmed as a typhoid or paratyphoid infection were eligible for this investigation. They consisted of 15 males and 15 females ranging in age from 18-38 years average 27.5 years of whom 18 were diagnosed by blood culture consisting of 16 S.typhi positive cases and two S.paratyphi A, while 12 other cases were positively confirmed by serial Widal agglutination serology. These cases suffered from fever between 3-14 days with a minimum recorded body temperature elevation of 38.5 degrees Celsius. Clinical response with defervescence of fever was obtained in the positive blood culture group within 3 days (8 patients) including 2 cases positive for S.paratyphi A and within two additional days (5 days) in the remaining 10 cases. In the twelve cases with a positive serology for typhoid fever a clinical response was obtained for defervescence within 3 days (6 cases) with 4 of these cases were on 3 days of fleroxacin and 2 cases on 5 days of fleroxacin. In the remaining 6 serologic positive cases fever resolved after 4-6 days with an average of 5 days with one on 3 days of fleroxacin and the rest (5 cases) on 5 days of fleroxacin. All positive blood culture cases reverted to negative after the fleroxacin course. No relapse or carrier state was recorded in this serie. It may be concluded that a 3 to 5 days closely monitored course of fleroxacin has excellent clinical as well as bacteriological efficacy in noncomplicated typhoid and paratyphoid fever. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 41-7)Keywords: fluoroquinolones, enteric infections, short course efficacy, open prospective study

Page 16 of 165 | Total Record : 1648

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