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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 1411982X     EISSN : 23548509     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
The journal publishes primary research articles from any source if they make a significant original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding of some aspect of agricultural science in Indonesia. The definition of agricultural science is kept as wide as possible to allow the broadest coverage in the journal. Accredited base on Director Decree of Indonesian Institute of Science No. 816/D/2009 with acreditation No. 172/AU1/P2MBI/08/2009. IJAS is newly accredited by the Indonesian Institute of Science in 2012 (No. 473/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/08/2012) for period of 2012-2015.
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Articles 352 Documents
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NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION AND NITROGEN UPTAKE AFFECTED BY SOIL AMENDMENT AND NEMATICIDE IN RAINFED RICE SOILS AT CENTRAL JAVA Wihardjaka, A.; Tandjung, S. Djalal; Sunarminto, B. Hendro; Sugiharto, Eko
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 14, No 2 (2013): October 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Rice cultivation is one of the antropogenic sources of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission that is produced by microbiological nitrification-denitrification processes. Incorporating soil amendment in rainfed rice soil attempted to increase soil productivity, while nematicide application aimed to maintain root growth system. Incorporating soil amendment and nematicide application are predicted to suppress N2O production in lowland rice. The objective of this research was to study the interaction of soil organic amendment and nematicide on N2O emission and nitrogen uptake from rainfed lowland rice soils. A field experiment was conducted in rainfed lowland rice soils during 2010/2011 wet season (direct seeded rice) and 2011 dry season (transplanted rice). The 3 x 3 factorial trial was arranged in a randomized completely block design with three replications. The first factor was soil amendment consisted of without rice straw, fresh rice straw and composted rice straw. The second factor was nematicide application consisted of without nematicide, neemcake and carbofuran. Variables measured were N2O flux, rice grain yield and nitrogen uptake. Incorporation of fresh and composted rice straws reduced N2O flux about 49.2% and 59.9% in transplanted rice, and 32.9% and 28.2% in direct seeded rice, respectively. The neemcake application reduced N2O emission about 44-50%, while carbofuran application decreased N2O emission by 23-35%. Neemcake has a good potential as nitrification inhibitor of N2O emission, so the neem trees have a prospect to be cultivated intensively. The reduction of N2O emission was effective in direct seeded rice system with the application of neemcake and fresh rice straw, however, in transplanted rice system it was effective with neemcake and composted rice straw applications.
EFFECT OF FEEDING CORN DRIED DISTILLERS GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES (DDGS) ON MILK PRODUCTION OF COW UNDER HOT CLIMATE CONDITION Tangendjaja, Budi
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 14, No 2 (2013): October 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) is a co-product of ethanol industry made from grains through fermentation process and it can be used for animal feeding especially for dairy cows. A feeding trial on US corn DDGS was conducted at commercial dairy farm in Vietnam during hot condition in 2010. One hundred and fifty six dairy cows in a later stage of milk production were allotted randomly in three groups of 52 cows with similar milk production. Three dietary treatments offered comprised control diet, diet with 7.5% DDGS and diet with 15% DDGS. The diets were formulated to contain similar nutrient profiles and comprised forages (corn, elephant grass and alfalfa hay), brewery waste, soybean curd waste, corn, soybean meal, molasses and commercial dairy supplement. The diet was manufactured locally in total mixed ration system and delivered two times per day. Milk production, feed consump-tion and milk quality were measured for 5 days before the trial and 45 days after the trial. The result demonstrated that feeding DDGS could support higher milk production without affecting feed consumption. Feeding DDGS at 7.5% and 15% resulted in higher milk production of 2 and 4 kg per day respectively compared to cows fed control diet. Feed intake remained unaffected at around 35 kg per day. Milk quality as measured by total solid and fat content was similar in cows fed the control diet and DDGS at 7.5%. Feeding DDGS at 15% tended to have slightly better total solid and fat content. Feeding DDGS was able to reduce cost of the diets; diet cost for control, DDGS 7.5% and DDGS 15% were VND 2537, 2460 and 2399 per kg, respectively. It is concluded that DDGS can be economically used for feeding dairy cows in hot climate condition and improving milk production.
DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF 1536-PLEX SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM MARKER CHIP FOR GENOME WIDE SCANNING OF INDONESIAN RICE GERMPLASM Utami, Dwinita W.; Rosdianti, I.; Lestari, P.; Satyawan, D.; Rijzaani, H.; Tasma, I M.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 14, No 2 (2013): October 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

A successful molecular breeding program requires detailed and comprehensive understanding of the diversity of rice germ-plasm and genetic base of target traits. The objective of this research was to develop the high throughput 1536-SNP chip linked to heading date and yield component traits and used it for genotyping the diverse Indonesian rice germplasm. The genotype data obtained could be used for diversity analysis and genome wide association mapping study. A 1536-SNP genome wide assay was developed using the Illumina’s GoldenGate technology. The SNP markers were selected in the rice genome regions containing heading date and yield component genes or regions where the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of the two traits were mapped. The developed custom SNP chips were then used for genotyping 467 rice accessions showing diversity in heading dates and yield components. The assay can reliably be used for diversity analysis and mapping genes associated with heading date and yield component traits. For 1536-SNP BIO-RiceOPA-1 custom chip designed, a total of 34.832 SNPs distributed in rice genome particularly in the region of heading date and yield component genes or QTLs were identified. A total of 1536-SNP were selected and confirmed to be used for genotyping analysis. Analysis performance and quality of 1536-SNP BIO-RiceOPA1 showed that 60% (918/1536) of total SNP markers had a good differentiating power in scanning the rice accessions tested (MAF > 0.2). The 1536-SNP genome wide assay Illumina’s GoldenGate designed was useful for diversity analysis and could be used as SNP marker for large scale genotyping in rice molecular breeding involving Indica-Indica, Indica-Japonica and Indica-Tropical Japonica crosses.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS ON ARABICA COFFEE (Coffea arabica) Ibrahim, Meynarti Sari Dewi; Hartati, Rr. Sri; Rubiyo, Rubiyo; Purwito, Agus; Sudarsono, Sudarsono
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 14, No 2 (2013): October 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Propagation of Coffea arabica L. through direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis technique is promising for producing large number of coffee seedlings. The objectives of the research were to evaluate methods for direct and indirect somatic embryo-genesis induction of C. arabica var. Kartika. The explants were the youngest fully expanded leaves of arabica coffee. The evalu-ated medium was modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a combination of 2.26 µM 2,4-D + 4.54 or 9.08 µM thidiazuron; 4.52 µM 2,4-D + 4.54 or 9.08 µM thidiazuron; or 9.04 µM 2,4-D + 9.08 µM thidiazuron. Both calli (100 mg) and pre-embryos developed from the edge of leaf explants were subcultured into regeneration medium (half strength MS with modified vitamin, supplemented with kinetine 9.30 µM and adenine sulfate 40 mg L-1). The results showed coffee leaf explant cultured on medium containing 2.26 µM 2,4-D + 4.54 or 9.08 µM thidiazuron to induce direct somatic embriogenesis from explant, while that of 4.52 or 9.04 µM 2,4-D + 9.08 µM thidiazuron to induced indirect somatic embrio-genesis. The medium for calli induction from coffee by explants was medium supplemented with 4.52 or 9.04 µM 2,4-D in combination with 9.08 µM thidiazuron. On the other hand, the best medium for activation of induction of somatic embryos was MS medium supplemented with 9.04 µM 2,4-D + 9.08 µM thidiazuron. Based on this results, the first step for developing micropropagation for coffee has been resolved. The subsequent studies will be directed to evaluate agronomic performance of the derived planting materials.
EFFECTS OF AMELIORANT COMPOSITIONS ON NITROGEN MINERALIZATION AND UPTAKE BY SWEET CORN IN DEGRADED PEATLAND Maftu’ah, Eni; Purwanto, Benito Heru
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 15, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Peat soil is characterized by poor nitrogen (N) availability. Ameliorants are expected to rectify this problem. This research  aimed to study the effect of ameliorant on N availability and N uptake by sweet corn plant in degraded peatland. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse in May-July 2011 and on peatland of Kalampangan Village, Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan in September-December 2011. Burnt peat soil of Kalampangan was used in the greenhouse experiment and sweet corn was used as an indicator plant. The treatments consisted of two factors, i.e. compositions of ameliorants by weight (A1 = 80% chicken manure + 20% dolomite; A2 = 80% local farm weed + 20% dolomite; A3 = 80% mineral soil + 20% dolomite; A4 = 20% chicken manure + 20% local farm weed + 20% residue of Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) + 20% mineral soil + 20% dolomite; and A5 = 19% chicken manure + 71.5% mineral soil + 9.5% dolomite) and rates of those ameliorants (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 t ha-1). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Data were collected every two weeks for five times. Observations were made on soil pH, available N (NH4+, NO3-), plant height, and N uptake in root and shoot. The results showed that  treatment A1 increased soil pH and availability of NH4+ and NO3-  in peat soils at the maximum vegetative stage. Treatment A1 provided the highest N availability and N uptake by the plant. Field experiment showed that N uptake increased  with the plant yield. Optimum yield of fresh corn cob was obtained from treatment A1 at the rate of 20 t ha-1. This research reconfirms the effectiveness of chicken manure and dolomite as peat soil ameliorant.
DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EASTERN AND WESTERN INDONESIA Wiranthi, Puspi Eko; Suwarsinah, Heny Kuswanti; Adhi, Andriyono Kilat
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 15, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Indonesian Food Security Council in 2009 issued a Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas (FSVA) which stated that there were 100 districts in Indonesia which were most vulnerable to food insecurity and 79% of which were located in eastern region. By using Susenas regular data in 2008, this study aimed to analyze determinants of household food security in eastern compared to western region. The ordered logistic regression model was employed to investigate the determinants of household food security. The result showed that most of households in Indonesia were vulnerable to food insecurity (41.76%). The percentage in eastern region (48.56%) was higher than that in western region (41.76%). Increase in expenditure equivalent, age and education level of household head, female household head, small household size, household head’s occupation in non-agriculture and urban household would increase the probability of a household to become food secure in both regions. The difference was in the factor of access to electricity in eastern and access to safe drinking water and loan in western region. Policies which aim to increase education, credit access, and intensive family planning have big roles in improving household food security.
EVALUATION OF FOUR INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PACKAGES FOR CONTROLLING MAIN PESTS OF COTTON IN RAINFED FIELDS Nurindah, Nurindah; Sunarto, Dwi Adi
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 15, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Cotton production nationally is low due to various constraints, including pests. Two main pests commonly found in cotton plantation in rain fed fields are cotton leafhopper (Amrasca biguttula) and cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera). The study aimed to evaluate four packages of integrated pest management (IPM) techniques to control cotton leafhopper and cotton bollworm in rain fed fields. The experiment was conducted in farmers’ fields at Asembagus, East Java, between January and July 2012. Four packages of IPM evaluated were cotton varieties, i.e. Kanesia 10 or Kanesia 13, and seed treatment with synthetic insecticide (imidacloprid) before sowing or spraying molasses (10 ml L-1 water) as food for natural enemies. The cotton plants were intercropped with groundnut and sprayed with neem seed extract (NSE) at the action threshold level for pest control. These packages were compared among themselves and also with the methods usually used by farmers, i.e. planting cotton variety Kanesia 8 intercropped with groundnut and pest control using synthetic chemical insecticides. Twenty five plants were sampled randomly per plot and measured for their growth, leafhopper and  bollworm populations, as well as cotton seed yield per plot. Observations were made weekly, starting at 30 days after planting (DAP) until 120 DAP. The results showed that the use of Kanesia 10 or Kanesia 13 intercropped with groundnut and spraying molasses to conserve natural enemies was the best  pest management practice and superior to farmers’ practices. Conserving natural enemies is not only profitable (saving production cost of IDR1,150,000 to IDR1,500,000 ha-1 season-1), but also safe for the environment (no need to spray chemical insecticides).
EFFICACY OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA IN REDUCING PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODE Pratylenchus brachyurus Harni, Rita; Supramana, Supramana; Supriadi, Supriadi
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 15, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Pratylenchus brachyurus is a major parasitic nematode on patchouli that reduces plant production up to 85%. The use of endophytic bacteria is promising for controlling nematode and promoting plant growth through production of phytohormones and enhancing the availability of soil nutrients. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of endophytic bacteria to control P. brachyurus on patchouli plant and its influence on plant productions (plant fresh weight and patchouli oil). The study was conducted at Cimanggu Experimental Garden and Laboratory of the Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute (ISMECRI), Bogor, West Java. The experi-ment was designed in a randomized block with seven treatments and eight replications; each replication consisted of 10 plants. The treatments evaluated were five isolates of endophytic bacteria (Achromobacter xylosoxidans TT2, Alcaligenes faecalis NJ16, Pseudomonas putida EH11, Bacillus cereus MSK and Bacillus subtilis NJ57), synthetic nematicide as a reference, and non-treated plant as a control.  Four-week old patchouli plants of cv. Sidikalang were treated by soaking the roots in suspension of endophytic bacteria (109 cfu  ml-1) for one hour before trans-planting to the field. At one month after planting, the plants were drenched with the bacterial suspension as much as 100 ml per plant. The results showed that applications of the endophytic bacteria could suppress the nematode populations (52.8-80%) and increased plant weight (23.62-57.48%) compared to the control. The isolate of endophytic bacterium Achromobacter xylosoxidans TT2 was the best and comparable with carbofuran.
GENETIC VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND EXPECTED GENETIC ADVANCES OF QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS IN F2 PROGENIES OF SOYBEAN CROSSES Hakim, Lukman; Suyamto, Suyamto; Paturohman, Eman
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 15, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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The F2 progenies of crosses among three soybean varieties were evaluated with their parents at Ngale Experimental Farm, Ngawi, East Java during the dry season of 2011. The experi-ment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications. The seeds of each F2 progenies and parents were planted in two rows of 4.5 m long. Plant spacing was 40 cm x 15 cm and each hill contained one plant. Among the characters studied, seed weight per plant, number of pods per plant and days to maturity had the highest coefficient of variability with the means of 52.6%, 48.2% and 41.9%, respectively. Whereas seed size, plant height and number of reproductive nodes had moderate values of 36.9%, 35.5% and 37.4%, respectively. Number of branches and days to flowering had the lowest variability of 11.7% and 15.3%, respectively. Number of pods per plant, days to maturity, plant height and seed size had high mean estimates of heritability coupled with high genetic advance. The genetic progress of these characters that would be obtained for one generation of selection was estimated 47.2%, 45.7%, 40.9% and 40.3%, respectively. Among the agronomic characters, plant height, number of pods per plant, seed size and days to maturity had the highest coefficient of variability associated with high heritability and genetic advance. Therefore, selection for high yielding with early maturity soybean genotypes based on plant height, number of pods per plant and seed size might be possible.
EFFECTS OF LATE BLIGHT RESISTANT POTATO CONTAINING RB GENE ON THE SOIL MICROBES, PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES Riyanti, Eny Ida; Listanto, Edy; Ambarwati, Alberta Dinar
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 15, No 2 (2014): October 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is an important disease on potato.  Several potato hybrids have been generated by crossing local varieties (Atlantic and Granola) with Katahdin SP951 which contains late blight resistance gene RB.  Prior to release, these hybrids need to be evaluated for their environ-mental effects on non-target organisms and natural pests and diseases. The objectives of the study were to investigate the effect of LBR potato hybrids on beneficial soil microbes, pests and diseases. The trial was conducted in the confined field trial (CFT) in Lembang, West Java. The parental non-transgenic (NT) clones (Granola, Atlantic and Katahdin) and LBR hybrids (four clones of Atlantic x Katahdin SP951 hybrids; 10 clones of Granola x Katahdin SP951) were planted at a plant spacing of 30 cm x 70 cm. Fungicide applications were used as treat-ments (no spray, five and twenty times sprays). The experi-ment was arranged in a randomized completely block design with three replications. The parameters determined were popula-tions of N2 fixing and P solubilizing bacteria, soil C/N ratio as well as natural pests and diseases. The results showed that the transgenic LBR potato hybrids did not have negative effect on N fixing bacteria. The bacterial populations were around 1010-11 cells g-1 soil before planting, 1012 cells at 1.5 months after planting (MAP) and 108 cells after harvest. For P- solubilizing bacteria, their populations were 1010 cells before planting, 1012 cells at 1.5 MAP and 1011 cells g-1  soil after harvest. The soil C/N ratio of the transgenic plot was not statistically different compared to non-transgenic plot, i.e. 12-15 before planting, 10-11 at 1.5 MAP, and 10 after harvest in non-spray plot. Pests and diseases such as Alternaria solani, Liriomyza, potato tubber moth, aphid and mites on the transgenic and non-transgenic plots were statistically not different. The resistance score for A. solani was 7.2 (parental tansgenic) and 7.6 (parental non-transgenic); for Liriomyza it was 2.07 (parental transgenic) and 2.32 insect per plant (parental non-transgenic), the PTM was 0.63 (parental transgenic) and 0.73 insect per plant (parental non-transgenic), aphid and mites were 0.75 (parental transgenic) and 1.68 insects per plant (parental non-transgenic). The study indicated that LBR potato hybrids did not have any negative impacts on non-target organisms.

Page 13 of 36 | Total Record : 352

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