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INDONESIA
Jurnal Hortikultura
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08537097     EISSN : 25025120     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Hortikultura (J.Hort) memuat artikel primer yang bersumber dari hasil penelitian hortikultura, yaitu tanaman sayuran, tanaman hias, tanaman buah tropika maupun subtropika. Jurnal Hortikultura diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura, Badan Litbang Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian. Jurnal Hortikultura terbit pertama kali pada bulan Juni tahun 1991, dengan empat kali terbitan dalam setahun, yaitu setiap bulan Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,166 Documents
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Pengaruh Jenis Eksplan dan Asam Amino pada Inisiasi dan Proliferasi Kalus Embriogenik Phalaenopsis Var. ‘Raiza Agrihorti’ Fitri Rachmawati; Dedeh Siti Badriah; Budi Marwoto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n1.2021.p11-20

Abstract

(The Effect of Explant Types and Amino Acids on Embryogenic Callus Initiation and Proliferation of Phalaenopsis Var. ‘Raiza Agrihorti’)Penyiapan kalus embriogenik (KE) yang optimal memiliki peranan penting dalam menghasilkan benih bermutu Phalaenopsis skala komersial. Kendala utama yang dihadapi ialah inisiasi dan proliferasi KE yang masih rendah, serta akumulasi fenolik yang tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balithi dari Agustus 2019 hingga Juli 2020. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola split plot dan faktorial dengan lima ulangan. Percobaan-1: jenis eksplan (pucuk, pangkal, dan daun plantlet) sebagai petak utama dan perlakuan asam amino (tanpa asam amino, L-Proline, L-Glutamine, L-Cysteine, dan Casein-Hydrolisate) dengan konsentrasi 150 mg/l pada medium PC1 (1/2 MS + 1,0 mg/l TDZ + 0,5 mg/l BAP + 20 g/l sukrosa) sebagai anak petak. Percobaan-2: faktor-1 ialah jenis asam amino (L-Proline, L-Cysteine; L-Glutamine, dan Casein-Hydrolisate) dan faktor-2 ialah konsentrasi asam amino (0, 75, 150, 225, dan 300 mg/l). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inisiasi KE Phalaenopsis var. ‘Raiza Agrihorti’ terbaik didapatkan dari pangkal plantlet dan 150 mg/l L-Glutamine dengan waktu inisiasi 18,3-24,0 hari, 80-100% pembentukan KE, dan ukuran KE 0,4-0,5 cm3. Proliferasi KE terbaik ditemukan pada L-Glutamine dengan konsentrasi 150 mg/l. Proliferasi KE mencapai 100% dengan penambahan berat segar sebesar 0,39 g, tingkat multiplikasi (MR) 4,55 kali dan pencokelatan 4,0%. Hasil penelitian ini berpotensi tinggi untuk diterapkan pada kultur starter Phalaenopsis hibrida lain.KeywordsPhalaenopsis hibrid; Asam amino; Inisiasi; Kalus embriogenik; ProliferasiAbstractSetup of the optimum Phalaenopsis embryogenic callus (EC) is an important role in producing qualified-seedlings of Phalaenopsis in commercial scale. The main constraints that are still being faced are the low rate of culture proliferation and high phenolic accumulations. The research was carried out at the Tissue Culture Laboratory-Indonesian Ornamental Plants Research Institite, from August 2019 through July 2020. The split plot and factorial designs were arranged using a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with five replications. Experiment-1: explants type (shoot tip, basal part, and leaf of plantlet) was used as main plot and amino acids (amino acids free, L-Proline, L-Glutamine, L-Cysteine, and Casein-Hydrolisate) with 150 mg/l concentration on medium PC1 (1/2 MS + 1,0 mg/l TDZ + 0,5 mg/l BAP + 20 g/l sukrosa) as subplot. Experiment-2: the first factor was amino acids type (L-Proline, L-Cysteine; L-Glutamine, and Casein-Hydrolisate) and the second factor was amino acids concentration (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 mg/l). Results of the studies revealed that the best EC initiation of Phalaenopsis var. ‘Raiza Agrihorti’ was produced by basal part of plantlet and PC1 medium containing 150 mg/l L-Glutamine with EC Initiation time was 18.3-24.0 days, 80-100% of EC formation and size of 0.4-0.5 cm3. The best proliferation of EC was found in L-Glutamine with 150 mg/l concentration. EC proliferation reached 100% with 4.55 EC multiplication rate, 0.39 g EC fresh weight added, and EC browning as low as 4.0%. The established method is high possibly applied for other Phalaenopsis hybrids.
Penentuan Interval Pemberian Air Tanaman Bawang Putih berdasarkan Nilai Evapotranspirasi (Determination of Interval Garlic Irrigation based on Evapotranspiration Value) nFN Harmanto; Ika Cartika; Rofik Sinung Basuki; Agnofi Merdeka Efendi; Nikardi Gunadi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n2.2021.p131-136

Abstract

Kebutuhan air tanaman dapat ditentukan berdasarkan nilai evapotranspirasi. Bawang putih untuk bisa tumbuh optimal memerlukan kebutuhan air yang cukup, baik dari segi volume ataupun ketepatan waktu pemberian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari waktu atau interval pemberian air yang tepat pada tanaman bawang putih agar mencapai pertumbuhan dan produksi yang optimal. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai September 2020 bertempat di IP2TP Margahayu Lembang, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan, yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan enam perlakuan dan diulang empat kali. Perlakuan terdiri atas pemberian air berdasarkan nilai evapotranspirasi dengan interval penyiraman : (a) 2 hari sekali, (b) 3 hari sekali, (c) 4 hari sekali, (d) 5 hari sekali, (e) 6 hari sekali, serta (f) perlakuan kontrol, yaitu pemberian air cara petani tidak berdasarkan nilai evapotranspirasi, diberikan setiap 2 hari sekali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interval pemberian air 2, 3, dan 4 hari sekali berdasarkan nilai evapotranspirasi memberikan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, bobot kering brangkasan, bobot umbi segar dan kering, diameter umbi, dan panjang siung lebih tinggi dibanding perlakuan kontrol. Penyiraman 4 hari sekali dapat dilakukan pada budidaya bawang putih untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil serta efisiensi tenaga, waktu, dan biaya.KeywordsBawang putih; Evapotranspirasi; Interval irigasi; Irigasi tanamanAbstractPlant water requirements can be determined based on the evapotranspiration value. To be able to grow optimally, garlic requires sufficient water needs both in terms of volume and the timing of irrigation. The study was aimed at obtain the right time or frequency of water application to garlic plants in order to achieve optimal growth and production. The research was conducted from May to September 2020 at IP2TP Margahayu Lembang Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute. The research design used was a Randomized Block Design with six treatments and four replications. The treatment consisted of giving water based on the evapotranspiration value with watering intervals : (a) 2 days, (b) 3 days, (c) 4 days, (d) 5 days, (e) 6 days, and (f) control treatment, namely giving water by farmers not based on the value of evapotranspiration, given every 2 days. The results showed that the interval of giving water 2, 3, and 4 days based on the evapotranspiration value gave the plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, stover dry weight, fresh and dry tuber weight, tuber diameter and clove length higher than the control treatment. Irrigation every 4 days can be done on garlic cultivation to increase the growth and yield as well as the efficiency ofenergy, time, and cost.
Uji Ketahanan Mutan M5 Cabai Hasil Kultur In Vitro terhadap Virus Gemini di Lapangan (Field Testing of M5 Chilli Mutans to Gemini Virus Resistancy) Saptowo Jumali Pardal, MS; Ifa Manzila; Tri Puji Priyatno
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n2.2021.p185-194

Abstract

Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PepYLCV) atau virus Gemini merupakan penyebab penyakit daun keriting kuning pada tanaman cabai. Pengendalian penyakit virus ini masih sulit dilakukan sampai saat ini. Penggunaan varietas tahan merupakan salah satu solusi yang dapat diterapkan. Pada penelitian sebelumnya telah dihasilkan mutan somaklon cabai melalui teknik kultur in vitro yang dikombinasikan dengan mutagen kimia EMS dan menunjukkan ketahanan terhadap virus kuning keriting (virus Gemini) pada pengujian di rumah kaca. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji tingkat ketahanan mutan cabai M5 terhadap virus Gemini di lapangan. Penelitian dilakukan di dua lokasi, yaitu Brebes (dataran rendah) dan Pacet-Cianjur (dataran tinggi) menggunakan 17 mutan cabai M5 dan tiga varietas pembanding. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 20 sampel uji yang terdiri atas 17 galur mutan M5, tiga varietas cabai pembanding dan tetua dengan empat ulangan. Untuk mengkonfirmasi adanya virus Gemini di lahan percobaan, dilakukan uji PCR. Hasil pengamatan terhadap insiden serangan virus Gemini pada tanaman menunjukkan bahwa insiden serangan di Brebes lebih tinggi dibandingkan di Pacet. Rata-rata insiden penyakit dan intensitas serangan virus Gemini di Brebes mencapai 96,97% dan 97,25% atau 3,5 kali lebih tinggi dari di Pacet masing-masing 25,73% dan 34,03%. Berdasarkan insiden, intensitas, dan analisis PCR menunjukkan bahwa galur 1, 3, dan 33 adaptif di dataran rendah dan tinggi, galur 1, 7, 63, 167, dan 192 adaptif di dataran tinggi, sedangkan 13 galur lainnya memiliki respon rentan dan sangat rentan terhadap virus Gemini.KeywordsCabai; Mutan; Ketahanan; Virus; GeminiAbstractYellow leaf curl is one of the important diseases in chilli plants that caused by Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PepYLCV) or Gemini virus. The disease is very difficult to control. The use of resistant varieties is one solution that can be applied. In a previous study, chilli somaclone mutants were produced through in vitro culture combined with EMS mutagen. These mutants showed resistance to Gemini virus in the greenhouse test. The study was to determine the resistance level of the M5 chilli mutants to the Gemini virus in the field. The research was carried out in Brebes and in Pacet using a Randomized Complete Block Design with a total of 20 test samples consisting of 17 chilli mutants and three control varieties with four replications for observation. PCR analysis was conducted to confirm the presence of the Gemini virus in the experimental field. The results showed that the averaged incidence and intensity of Gemini virus attack in Brebes reached 96.97% and 97.25% was 3.5 times higher than in Pacet which were 25.73% and 34.03%, respectively. Based on the incidence, intensity and PCR analysis showed that lines 1, 3, and 33 were adaptive in the lowlands and highlands, lines 1, 7, 63, 167, and 192 were adaptive in the highlands, while the other 13 lines had a susceptible response and were very susceptible to Gemini virus.
Pergeseran Pola Konsumsi Buah Nasional di Awal Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (The Shifting of National Fruit Consumption Pattern at the Beginning of the Covid-19 Pandemic Period) lyli mufidah; Lizia Zamzami; Zainuri Hanif
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n1.2021.p93-104

Abstract

Studi pola konsumsi buah nasional sebelum dan di awal masa pandemi Covid-19 perlu dilakukan sebagai langkah awal inventarisasi ada atau tidaknya pergeseran, agar strategi dan antisipasi pembenahan dapat dirancang sejalan dengan upaya mewujudkan ketahanan dan keberlanjutan pangan. Empat ratus enam puluh enam responden terlibat dalam studi ini, melalui survei yang dilaksanakan secara daring. Metode analisis deskriptif, uji tanda, dan Fishers exact test digunakan. Hasil studi mengindikasikan adanya pergeseran pola konsumsi sebelum dan pada awal masa pandemi covid-19 untuk lima atribut, yaitu (1) dana alokasi pengeluaran buah per bulan, (2) frekuensi pembelian, (3) tempat, (4) kesulitan dalam perolehan, dan (5) jenis buah nasional yang dikonsumsi. Pergeseran ini menjadi isyarat perlunya upaya peningkatan kesadaran konsumsi buah nasional untuk menjaga imunitas dan krusialnya sinergi antara produsen dan distributor akan rantai pasok yang efisien dan efektif, serta penggunaan platform digital. Pembenahan diharapkan membuat konsumen dapat menikmati buah nasional berkualitas dari rumah dengan harga yang terjangkau. Segmentasi demografis berdasarkan kelompok umur dapat menjadi pertimbangan penyedia, karena memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan atribut pola konsumsi kedua sampai kelima. Studi lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk memotret dampak pergeseran terhadap supply dan value chain.KeywordsDaring; Imunitas; Preferensi konsumen; Rantai pasok; SinergiAbstractStudies of national fruit consumption patterns before and at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic period need to be carried out as an initial step for improvement to achieve food sustainability. A total of 466 respondents were involved in the survey which was conducted online. Descriptive analysis, sign test, and Fishers exact test were used. The results indicated there was a shift in consumption patterns before and at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic period, in terms of (1) expenditure allocation for fruit per month, (2) frequency, (3) place of purchase, (4) difficulties in procurement, and (5) types of national fruit consumed. The shift is a sign of the need for efforts to increase awareness of national fruit consumption. The synergy between producers and distributors to form an efficient and effective supply chain, and the use of digital platforms, is crucial, so that consumers can enjoy high quality national fruit from home at affordable prices. Demografic segmentation based on age group can be considered by providers, because it has a significant relationship with the second to fifth consumption pattern attributes. Further studies are needed to capture the shift impact on the supply and value chain.
Pengembalian Investasi Pengembangan Pepaya Merah Delima (Return on Investment of Papaya Merah Delima) Rima Setiani; Apri Laila Sayekti; Nur Qomariah Hayati; Rizka Amalia Nugrahapsari; Tri Budiyanti; Anna Sulistyaningrum; Dita Maulina Fauziah; nFN Waryat; Muhammad Prama Yufdy; Muhammad Jawal Anwarudinsyah; nFN Hardiyanto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n2.2021.p195-202

Abstract

Pepaya Merah Delima (MD) hasil penelitian Balitbangtan, Kementerian Pertanian sudah menyebar dan dinikmati oleh masyarakat. Namun, belum ada penelitian yang menampilkan data seberapa besar manfaat yang diterima petani dari investasi yang sudah dikeluarkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kontribusi pepaya MD dalam meningkatkan pendapatan petani serta mengetahui tingkat pengembalian investasi (Return on Investment = RoI) dalam menghasilkan dan mengembangkan pepaya MD. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober – Desember 2019 di beberapa provinsi yang secara purposif dipilih karena merupakan sentra pengembangan pepaya, yaitu di Jawa Barat, Riau, Banten, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, serta Sumatra Barat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan petani dan peneliti Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika. Responden 46 petani diwawancarai untuk mendapatkan data usahatani pepaya MD dan pepaya varietas lain, serta lima peneliti untuk mendapatkan data investasi penelitian dan pengembangan. Data diolah menggunakan analisis usahatani dan penghitungan RoI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan bersih petani MD selama 3 tahun sebesar Rp178.269.892,00 per 1.000 pohon, sedangkan petani non-MD memperoleh pendapatan sebesar Rp81.960.650,00 per 1.000 pohon. Sementara itu, nilai pengembalian investasi pepaya MD sebesar 3.074%, artinya setiap investasi Rp100,00 dapat meningkatkan pendapatan petani sebesar Rp3.074,00. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa investasi pepaya MD sangat menguntungkan dan mampu meningkatkan pendapatan petani.KeywordsPendapatan; Pepaya Merah Delima; Petani; RoIAbstractPapaya Merah Delima (MD) is one of improved varieties developed by the Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD). Previous studies indicated that papaya MD has been adopted at the farmers’ level. However, no information is available yet regarding the impacts of this IAARD’ investments to farmers’ income. This study was aimed at determining papaya MD contribution to increase farmers’ income and examining the RoI of producing papaya MD. Surveys were conducted in October - December 2019, in papaya producing provinces, i.e. West Java, Riau, Banten, Central Java, East Java, and West Sumatra. Data collection was carried out through interviews with 46 purposively selected farmers (farm data) and five researchers from the Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (R & D data). Data were analyzed by using budget and RoI analysis. Results show that the net income of papaya MD farmers for the last three years is IDR 178,269,892 per 1,000 trees, while non-MD farmers obtain IDR 81,960,650 per 1,000 trees. The return on investment is 3.074%, meaning that each investment of IDR 100 could increase farmer’s income by IDR 3,074 which indicate that investment of developing papaya MD is financially feasible and profitable.
Morphological Variability of Mangosteen in Bengkulu Province (Variabilitas Morfologi Manggis di Provinsi Bengkulu) nFN Miswarti; Irma Calista; Wawan Eka Putra; Dedi Sugandi; Taupik Rahman; Emlan Fauzi; Tri Wahyuni; Rudi Hartono; Yudi Sastro
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n1.2021.p21-30

Abstract

Mangosteen is a genetic resource scattered and cultivated by farmers in Bengkulu Province. The study aimed at determining the morphological variability of mangosteen. The study was conducted from March to October 2015 in Bengkulu province using on-site supervision and observation methods. The number of plants observed was 34 genotypes and qualitatively and quantitatively characterized based on the Center for Plant Variety Protection and Agriculture Licensing (CPVPAL) guide. The data of morphology were analyzed by comparing the average value, variance, and standard deviation. Relationship or data grouping phenotypic characters appearance were identified using NTSYS software version 2.1. The results show wide variability in the density of leaf, flower size, and fruit weight, while narrow variability is occurred in plant height and the thickness of the rind. Data analysis of mangosteen genotypes generated similarity coefficients range from 0.71 to 0.91 (71-91%). Genotype 24 and 27 have the closest relationship, with the similarity coefficient of 91%.KeywordsMangosteen; Morphology; Variability; Character; PhenotypicAbstractManggis merupakan sumber daya genetik yang tersebar dan dibudidayakan oleh petani di Provinsi Bengkulu. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui variabilitas fenotipik buah manggis. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Oktober 2015 di Provinsi Bengkulu dengan menggunakan metode observasi langsung morfologi tanaman manggis yang telah berbuah. Jumlah tanaman yang diamati sebanyak 34 genotipe dan masing-masing genotipe diamati karakterisasi kualitatif dan kuantitatif berdasarkan panduan Pusat Perlindungan Varietas Tanaman dan Perizinan Pertanian (PPVTPP). Analisis data melalui perbandingan varian fenotipik dengan standar deviasi varian fenotipe diukur dengan nilai rata-rata, varians, dan standar deviasi. Kekerabatan atau pengelompokan data penampilan karakter fenotipik dilakukan dengan menggunakan software NTSys versi 2.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabilitas luas terdapat pada kerapatan daun, ukuran bunga, dan bobot buah, sedangkan variabilitas sempit pada karakter tinggi tanaman dan  ketebalan kulit buah. Analisis genotipe manggis menghasilkan koefisien kemiripan sebesar 0,71-0,91 (71-91%). Dari dendogram diperoleh genotipe yang memiliki tingkat kekerabatan yang tinggi terdapat pada genotipe 24 dan 27 dengan nilai kemiripan sebesar 91%.
Adaptasi Pertumbuhan Setek Bunga Krisan (Chrysanthemum sp.) Menggunakan Naungan di Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan [Growth Adaptation of Chrysanthemum Cuttings (Chrysanthemum sp.) Using Shade in Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan] Nour Wasilah Shopa Riska; Riza Adrianoor Saputra; Antar Sofyan
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n1.2021.p31-40

Abstract

Banjarbaru merupakan salah satu daerah di Kalimantan Selatan yang memiliki prospek yang baik sebagai daerah pengembangan komoditas krisan. Pertumbuhan tanaman krisan sangat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, misalnya media tanam, ketersediaan air dan hara, iklim mikro, suhu, kelembaban, serta intensitas cahaya matahari tertentu sehingga untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akan cahaya yang optimal maka perlakuan naungan diperlukan selama fase pertumbuhannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh persentase kerapatan pada naungan terhadap pertumbuhan setek krisan varietas Puspita Nusantara. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Bulan November sampai Desember 2020, bertempat di Kebun Percobaan Jurusan Agroekoteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan perlakuan kerapatan paranet, yaitu n1 (paranet dengan kerapatan 75%), n2 (paranet dengan kerapatan 100%), n3 (paranet dengan kerapatan 125%), dan n4 (paranet dengan kerapatan 150%), yang terdiri atas lima kelompok sehingga terdapat 20 satuan percobaan, dan setiap satuan percobaan terdapat lima unit tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase naungan berpengaruh terhadap parameter jumlah daun, persentase setek hidup, dan tinggi tanaman yang tumbuh, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata pada saat awal muncul tunas. Perlakuan n2 berpengaruh paling baik terhadap persentase setek hidup (64%), jumlah daun (4,1 helai) serta tinggi tunas (4,26 cm).KeywordsKrisan; Setek; Paranet; Iklim mikroAbstract Banjarbaru as one of the areas in South Kalimantan has good prospects as a chrysanthemum development area. The growth of chrysanthemums is strongly influenced by several factors, such as planting media, availability of water and nutrients, microclimate, temperature, humidity, and a certain intensity of sunlight, so to meet the need for optimal light, shade treatment is required during the growth phase. This study aims to determine the effect of the percentage density in the shade on the growth of chrysanthemum cuttings of the Puspita Nusantara variety. The research was carried out from November to December 2020, at the Experimental Garden of the Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarbaru. The method used in this research is a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with the treatment of n1 (shading net with a density of 75%), n2 (shading net with a density of 100%), n3 (shading net with a density of 125%), and n4 (shading net with a density of 150%), which consisted of five groups so that there were 20 experimental units, and each experimental unit contained five plant units. The results showed that the percentage of shade affected the parameters of the number of leaves, the percentage of live cuttings, and plant height that grew, but had no significant effect on the initial emergence of shoots. The n2 treatment had the best effect on the percentage of live cuttings (64%), the number of leaves (4.1 strands), and shoots height (4.26 cm). 
Peningkatan Hasil dan Kualitas Umbi Bawang Merah dengan Aplikasi Pupuk Kandang Kambing di Tanah Regosol (Improving Shallot Bulb Yield and Quality with Goat Manure Application in Regosol Soils) Gina Aliya Sopha; Mathias Prathama; Ali Asgar
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n2.2021.p123-130

Abstract

Tanah Regosol mempunyai kadar bahan organik dan N-total yang tergolong sangat rendah sehingga penggunaan pupuk organik dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik dan kimia tanah serta meningkatkan hasil umbi bawang merah. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk kandang kambing terhadap sifat kimia tanah Regosol dan hasil umbi bawang merah pada tanah tersebut. Percobaan pot dilakukan di rumah kaca di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (BALITSA), Lembang, Jawa Barat pada bulan Maret – Juni 2015. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga ulangan dan 11 perlakuan dosis pupuk kandang kambing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk kandang kambing meningkatkan C-organik, N-Kjeldahl tanah Regosol, dan meningkatkan serapan hara N dan K. Aplikasi pupuk kandang kambing juga berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan, berat kering tanaman, hasil, dan kualitas umbi bawang merah. Dosis rekomendasi pupuk kandang kambing di tanah Regosol adalah 3–13, 5 t/ha dengan peningkatan bobot kering eskip sebesar 17-52% dari kontrol, tanpa pupuk kandang kambing.  keywordsAllium cepa; Pupuk organik; Pemupukan; Hasil umbiAbstractRegosol soil has a low content of organic and nitrogen percentage, therefore the application of organic materials will improve physical and chemical soil characteristics and increase shallot bulb yield. This research aimed to investigate the effect of goat manure on chemical soil properties and shallot bulb yield in regosol soil. The pot study was conducted at IVEGRI Experimental Field in Lembang, West Java, from March to June 2015. The treatments were set up in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates and 11 doses of goat manure as treatments. The result showed that goat manure application significantly improved C-organic and N-Kjeldahl of regosol and increased the N and K uptake. Goat manure application enhanced shallot growth, shallot dry weight, bulb yield, and bulb quality. The optimal dose of goat manure was 3 to 13,5 t ha-1 that increased eskip dry bulb yield by 17-52% than control, without goat manure.
Evaluasi Karakteristik Carnation Mottle Virus (CarMV) Asal Tanaman Anyelir pada Beberapa Tanaman Indikator [Evaluation of Carnation Mottle Virus (CarMV) Characteristics from Carnations in Several Indicator Plants] Intan Syafira; Lutfi Afifah; Nurcahyo Widyodaru Saputro; Erniawati Diningsih
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n2.2021.p167-176

Abstract

Anyelir merupakan salah satu komoditas andalan selain krisan dan mawar pada sektor agribisnis di Indonesia, namun produksi tanaman anyelir terus menurun sejak tahun 2015 hingga 2020, hal ini salah satunya disebabkan oleh serangan virus CarMV yang menginfeksi tanaman anyelir. Pengetahuan dasar mengenai suatu virus sangat diperlukan untuk menentukan pengendalian yang tepat untuk virus tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi sifat fisik dan sifat biologi CarMV. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kaca Virologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias, Pacet, Cianjur, Jawa Barat (1.100 m dpl.), pada bulan Mei sampai dengan Agustus 2021. Metode yang digunakan, yaitu metode deskriptif untuk mengamati karakter fisik dan biologi Carnation mottle virus isolat Jawa Barat melalui uji sifat fisik virus (DEP, TIP, LIV) serta uji biologi melalui penularan secara mekanik pada tanaman indikator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Dilution End Point (DEP) CarMV 10-5, Thermal Inactivationt Point (TIP) 65°C, dan Longevity In Vitro (LIV) lebih dari 72 jam. Inokulasi CarMV secara mekanis pada tanaman indikator menyebabkan gejala sistemik pada Nicotiana benthamiana dan Ageratum conyzoides, sedangkan pada tanaman Chenopodium amaranticolor, Cucumis sativus, Lycopersicon esculentum, dan N. clevelandii menunjukkan gejala lokal.KeywordsAnyelir; Carnation mottle virus (CarMV); RT-PCR; Sifat biologi; Sifat fisikAbstractCarnation is one of the mainstay commodities besides chrysanthemum and roses in the agribusiness sector in Indonesia, but carnation production continues to decline from 2015 to 2020, one of which is caused by the CarMV virus attack that infects carnation plants. Basic knowledge about a virus is needed to determine the right control for the virus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical and biological properties of CarMV. This research was conducted in the Virology Laboratory and Greenhouse, IOCRI, Pacet, Cianjur, West Java (1,100 m asl), from May to August 2021. The method used was a descriptive method to observe the physical and biological characters of Carnation mottle virus isolates from West Java by testing the physical properties of the virus (DEP, TIP, LIV) as well as biological tests through mechanical transmission on indicator plants. The results showed that the Dilution End Point (DEP) of CarMV was 10-5, the Thermal Inactivation Point (TIP) was 65°C, and the Longevity In Vitro (LIV) was more than 72 hours. Mechanical inoculation of CarMV in indicator plants caused systemic symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana and Ageratum conyzoides, while Chenopodium amaranticolor, Cucumis sativus, Lycopersicon esculentum, and N. clevelandii plants showed local symptoms. 
Insidensi dan Sebaran Tungau Hama pada Pepaya di Pulau Lombok (Incidence and Distribution of Mites on Papaya in Lombok Island) Wieke Mei Dina; Sugeng Santoso; Tri Asmira Damayanti
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n1.2021.p61-70

Abstract

Tungau hama merupakan salah satu penyebab penurunan produksi pepaya di Pulau Lombok. Penelitian bertujuan menentukan insidensi, sebaran, dan identitas tungau hama pepaya di Pulau Lombok. Sebaran ditentukan berdasarkan insidensi tungau hama pada 50 lokasi pengambilan contoh dan tungau hama diidentifikasi secara morfologi dan molekuler berdasarkan runutan rDNA ITS2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 12 spesies tungau berdasarkan identifikasi morfologi, yaitu Aculops pelekassi, Calacarus carinatus, Brevipalpus californicus, B. obovatus, B. phoenicis, Tenuipalpus pasificus, Eutetranychus africanus, Panonychus citri, Tetranychus fijiensis, T. kanzawai, T. piercei, dan Tarsonemus bilobatus dengan insidensi berkisar antara 2–72%. Di antara spesies yang ditemukan, P. citri merupakan tungau hama dengan sebaran dan insidensi tertinggi (72%). Hasil analisis persebaran menunjukkan bahwa keanekaragaman spesies tungau hama pada tanaman pepaya di Pulau Lombok adalah tinggi dengan tingkat dominansi rendah dan tingkat kemerataan spesies yang tinggi. Uji PCR dan analisis runutan DNA berhasil mendeteksi dan mengidentifikasi enam spesies tungau hama, yaitu T. piercei, T. kanzawai, E. africanus, dan P. citri (Tetranychidae), pada 500–600 pb serta B. californicus dan B. phoenicis (Tenuipalpidae) pada 600–700 pb. Similaritas tertinggi ditemukan pada T. piercei dan T. kanzawai (100%). Ini merupakan laporan pertama keberadaan B. californicus sebagai hama pada tanaman pepaya di Pulau Lombok.KeywordsFrekuensi kemunculan; PCR; Perunutan DNA; SebaranAbstractMites are one obstacle of papaya production in Lombok Island. Thus, the aim of research was to determine incidence, distribution and identity of mites on papaya plant in Lombok Island. Distribution is determined based on incidence of in 50 sampling area, while mites identified morphological and molecularly based on rDNA ITS2. This studies revealed that there were 12 species of mites based on morphological, namely Aculops pelekassi, Calacarus carinatus, Brevipalpus californicus, B. obovatus, B. phoenicis, Tenuipalpus pacificus Eutetranychus africanus, Panonychus citri, Tetranychus fijiensis, T. kanzawai, and T. pierce with an incidence ranging 2-72%. Among species found, P. citri has the highest distribution and incidence of 72%. The results of the distribution analysis showed that diversity of mite species was high, with low dominance and high evenness. PCR assay successfully amplified DNA of six species, namely T. piercei, T. kanzawai, E. africanus, P. citri with the DNA size of 500-600 bp and B. californicus, B. phoenicis with the DNA size of 600-700 bp. The highest similarity species was found on T .piercei and T. kanzawai (100%). This was the first report of B. californicus infestating on papaya in Lombok.

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