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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri merupakan publikasi ilmiah primer yang memuat hasil penelitian primer komoditas perkebunan yang belum dimuat pada media apapun, diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, DIPA 2011 terbit empat kali setahun.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 552 Documents
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POSISI CONTOH DAUN UNTUK ANALISIS STATUS FOSFOR (P) PADA BIBIT JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) DAN KADAR P TERSEDIA PADA DAERAH PERAKARANNYA A ARIVIN RIVAIE; ELNA KARMAWATI; RUSLI RUSLI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 14, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v14n4.2008.125-130

Abstract

ABSTRAKStatus P pada tanaman dapat diduga dengan menganalisis kadar Ppada daun, karena daun merupakan suatu bagian tanaman yang sangataktif. Untuk itu, diperlukan informasi posisi daun yang sesuai untukdijadikan contoh daun untuk analisis status P tanaman. Percobaan inibertujuan untuk menentukan posisi daun yang sesuai untuk analisis statusP dan mempelajari perbedaan antara kadar P tersedia di tanah dan dirhizosphere, serta hubungannya dengan kadar P daun bibit jarak pagar.Percobaan dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempahdan Aneka Tanaman Industri (Balittri) Pakuwon, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat,pada September 2006 sampai dengan Juli 2007, disusun dalam rancanganacak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 (tiga) ulangan. Setiap unit percobaan terdiriatas 20 tanaman. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah: (a) daun ke-1 atau daunyang terletak tepat di bawah kuncup daun yang belum mekar sempurna,(b) daun ke-2 atau daun yang terletak setelah/di bawah daun ke-1, (c) daunke-3, dan (d) daun ke-4. Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar P daun (%),kadar P tersedia di tanah dan rhizosphere yang diukur dengan metodeBray-1 P. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daun ke-2 adalah posisidaun yang sesuai sebagai contoh daun untuk analisis status P pada bibitjarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.). Kadar P di rhizosphere lebih rendahdaripada kadar P di tanah (Bray-1P) yang jauh dari akar jarak pagar. Padadaun ke-2, keeratan hubungan yang ditunjukkan oleh koefisien regresi (R2)antara kadar Bray-1 P di rhizosphere dan kadar P daun jarak pagar (R2 =0.394) lebih tinggi daripada hubungan antara kadar Bray-1 P di tanah dankadar P daun (R2 = 0.371), sehingga untuk keperluan menggambarkanketersediaan P tanah atau untuk melihat hubungan P tanah tersedia dengankadar ataupun serapan P tanaman jarak pagar, akan lebih tepat bila contohtanah yang diambil berasal dari rhizosphere akar tanaman.Kata kunci: Jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.), posisi daun, status P, Ptanah tersediaABSTRACTDetermination of leaf sample position for analysis of Pstatus in physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) seedlings andthe available P in the root zoneStatus of P in plants can be quantified by analyzing concentrationsof the nutrient in leaf as the leaf is the most active plant part. For this,information on appropriate leaf position as samples for analysis of P statusin the plants is needed. A research was conducted with aims to determinean appropriate leaf position of physic nut seedlings and to studydifferences between the concentrations of available P (Bray-1 P) in thebulk soil and the rhizosphere, along with their relationships with theconcentrations of leaf P. The experiment was carried out in a glasshouse ofIndonesian Spices and Other Industrial Crops Research Institute,Sukabumi, West Java, from September 2006 to July 2007. The experimentwas arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications.Each experimental unit consisted of 20 plants. The treatments were: (a) 1stleaf or a leaf located exactly below the shoot, (b) 2nd leaf or a leaf locatedbelow the 1st leaf, (c) 3rd leaf, and (d) 4th leaf. All the leaves were takenfrom the primary branch of the plants. Parameters measured were Pconcentrations in the leaf, P concentrations in the bulk soil and therhizosphere (Bray-1 P). The results showed that the 2nd leaf position wasthe appropriate leaf position to be taken as samples for the leaf analysis ofP status in physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) seedlings. The concentrationsof Bray-1 P in the rhizosphere were lower than that in the bulk soil, whichis further away from the roots. The R2 values for the relationships betweenthe Bray-1 P concentrations in the rhizosphere and the the 2nd leaf Pconcentrations were higher than that between the Bray-1 P concentrationsin the bulk soil and the 2nd leaf P concentrations, hence, for the objectivesto show the soil P availability or to show the relationships between theavailable soil P and the concentrations or the P uptake by the physic nut, itwill be more accurate if the soil samples are taken from the rhizosphere.Key words: Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.), leaf position, P status,available soil P
KERAGAMAN GENETIK BEBERAPA ISOLAT Phytophthora palmivora PENYEBAB PENYAKIT GUGUR BUAH PADA KELAPA BERDASARKAN PENANDA RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) HIASINTA F. J. MOTULO; MEITY S. SINAGA; SIENTJE MANDANG; ARIS TJAHJOLEKSONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 4 (2004): Desember, 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n4.2004.154-158

Abstract

Profil pita DNA 16 isolat Phytoplhora palmivora yang dikoleksi dari pertanaman kelapa terserang penyakit gugur buah telah dikarakterisasi berdasarkan random amplfied polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Keragaman genetik di antara 16 isolat sangat tinggi yaitu 40.6%. Dengan mengguna¬ kan 9 jenis primer acak dari Operon Alameda pada tingkat kesamaan 80% didapatkan dua kelompok RAPD yang berbeda. Kelompok I terdiri atas isolate 94P20 dari Sumatera Barat, 93P26 dari Lampung, dan 93P104 dari Tumaluntung, Sulawesi Utara. Kelompok II terdiri atas 3 isolat yaitu 93P54 dari Aceh, PKW dan 99P01 dari Pakuwon, Jawa Barat, sedangkan sembilan isolate lainnya mcngelompok tcrpisah satu sama lainnya.Kata kunci: Kelapa, Cocos nucifera, Pylophlhora palmivora, keragaman genetik, RAPD ABSTRACT Genetic diversity of some Phytophthora palmivora isolates causes nutfall disease on coconut plantation based on the Random Amplied Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)A total of 16 isolates of Phytophthora palmivora obtained rom diseased coconut plants showing nutfall disease were characterized by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). By using nine primers of Operon Alameda, two distinct RAPD groups with 80% similarity were obtained. Genetic diversity (using the distance matrix method) among 16 isolates of P. palmivora were highly different at 40.6%. Group 1 contained 3 isolates i.e. 94P20 from West Sumatera, 93P26 from Lampung, and 93P104 rom Tumaluntung, North Sulawesi. Group II contained 3 isolates i.e. 93P54 rom Aceh, PKW and 99P01 from Pakuwon, West Jawa, while other 9 isolates formed separated single group.Key words : Coconut, Cocos nucfera, Phytophthora palmivora, genetic diversity, RAPD
KERAPATAN GALUR HARAPAN KAPAS PADA SISTEM TUMPANGSARI DENGAN KEDELAI PRIMA DIARINI RIAJAYA; FITRININGDYAH TRI KADARWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 9, No 1 (2003): Maret, 2003
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v9n1.2003.11-16

Abstract

Penelitian pengaturan kerapalan galur harapan kapas pada sistem tumpangsari dengan kedelai dilakukan di IPPTP Mojosari, Mojokerto, Jawa Timur pada lahan sawah sesudah padi dari bulan Mei sampai dengan Oktobcr 2000. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan kerapalan lanaman yang sesuai pada galur harapan kapas pada sistem tumpangsari dengan kedelai Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan petak tcrbagi dengan 4 varictas'galur (92016/6, 91001 29 2, 88003/16/2 dan Kanesia 7) sebagai pelak utama Anak petak terdiri atas 3 tata tanam yaitu (1) tala tanam 1(1); 3, yaitu I bans kapas (I tan 'lubang) dan 3 bais kedelai, (2) tata tanam 2 (1) 4 yaitu 2 baris kapas(l tan.'lubang) dan 4 baris kedelai, (3) tata tanam 1 (2)3 yaitu 1 baris (2 tan 'lubang dan 3 bais kedelai) Jarak lanam kapas dan kedelai pada (ala tanam 1(1) 3 adalah 150 x 20 cm dan 25 x 20 cm, pada tata tanam 2( I ):4 adalah 150 (60) cm x 30 cm dan 20 cm x 20 cm, dan tata tanam 1 (2) 3 adalah 150 cm x 30 cm dan 25 cm x 20 cm Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lata tanam yang sesuai pada galur varietas baru kapas adalah tata tanam 1(1)3 |1 baris kapas (1 tan lubang) dan tiga baris kedelai] Mengurangi jumlah lanaman kapas tiap lubang dari 2 menjadi I lanaman pada tata tanam 1 (2)3 (1 baris kapas (2 lan lubang) dan 3 bais kedelai) meningkatkan eisiensi fotosintcsis dai 59 x 10 menjadi 9.4 x 10"" mgC02.mgll20 sehingga produksi kapas meningkat dari 1 167 2 menjadi I 251 6 kgha, sedangkan produksi kedelai tidak berpengaruh yaitu rata-rata 846 kgha Apabila dialur dalam sistem 2:4 (2 baris kapas diantara 4 baris kedelai), maka eisiensi fotosintcsis hanya meningkat dari 5.9 x \0A menjadi 77 x 10 mg C02mg H20 sehingga produksi kapas hanya meningkat dari I 167 2 menjadi I 206 2 kgha Pada kedua sistem lanam tersebut produktivitas galur 8800316/2 (1 323.3 kgha) lidak berbeda dengan Kanesia 7 (I 365.2 kg/ha) dan nyata lebih tinggi daripada galur 920166 (1 096 9 kgha) maupun 91001.29/2 (1 048 0 kgha).Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum. kapas. Glycine Max, kedelai, kerapatan lanaman, tumpangsari, hasil ABSTRACTDensity of neyv cotton lines under intercropping system with soybeanThe ield trial on different crop densities for new cotton lines under intercropping system with soybean was conducted in Mojosari. East Java from May lo October 2000 on the rice ield ater harvest. The purpose of the study was to investigate die optimum population for new cotton lines under intercropping with soybean The field experiment was arranged in a Split Plot Design with three replications. Pour new cotton lines were allocated lo main plots 92016 6, 91001/29.2 (okra leal). 88003/16/2 and Kanesia 7 'Three crop arrangements were allocated to sub-plots: 1 (1 ):3 [1 cotton row (I plant/hole) in between 3 rows of soybean), 2(1 ):4 [ 2 coton rows (1 plant/hole) in between 4 rows of soybean, and 1(2):3 (1 cotton row (2 planlholc) in between 3 rows of soybean). Two replications for sole crops of cotton and soybean were included in this expeiment lo compare both cropping systems. Research showed that by keeping one cotton plant/hole under intercropping system wi(h soybean in arrangement of 1:3 11 conon row in between 3 rows of soybean), increased the photosynthetic efficiency from 5 9 x 10"* to 9.4 x 10"* mg C02/mg H20, causing cotton yield increased from 1167.2 to 1 251.6 kg/ha; however soybean yield did not differ between different propotions of cotton and soybean (846 kg/ha) Under arrangement of Iwo cotton rows * four rows of soybean, the photosynthetic efficiency increased from 5.9 x 10"1 to 7.7 x 10"* mg COj'mg HjO resulted in increased cotton yield from I 167.2 lo 1 206.2 kgha Ihe yield of line 88003/16 2 (1 323.3 kgha) did not differ with that on Kanesia 7 (I 365.2 kg/ha); both were higher than those on 92016/6 (1 096.9 kg/ha) and 91001 /29/2 (1 048.0 kgha).Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, kapas. Glycine Max, soybean, crop density, intercropping, yield
DETEKSI DINI VIRUS MOSAIK PADA BENIH DAN TANAMAN NILAM / Detection of Early Stage of Mosaic Disease on Patchouli Seed and Plant Rita Noveriza; Maya Mariana
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 22, No 4 (2016): Desember, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v22n4.2016.182-188

Abstract

Mosaic disease of patchouli plant caused by viruses is one of the main constraints on patchouli oil production. The viruses are transmitted by patchouli seedlings and insect vectors, therefore their spreadings are very quickly and widely found in the center of patchouli plantations in Sumatera, Java, and Sulawesi. Early detection of the viruses in the seedling is a strategic step for controlling the disease. This study aimed to get an early detection technique of mosaic viruses infecting seedlings and patchouli plants by using serological techniques. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Protection Balittro from February 2015 until April 2016. The serological techniques performed were Tissue Blot Assay Immunobinding (TBIA), Dot Immuno Binding Assay (DIBA) and Enzyme Linked Immuno Assay (ELISA). Samples of the seedlings and patchouli plants showing symptomatic mosaic disease were obtained from nurseries or fields in Bogor, Pandeglang-Banten and Cigombong. A total of 150 samples were tested using the commercial viruses antisera, i.e. Potyvirus, Broad bean wilt virus 1.2; Cucumber mosaic virus [AGDIA-USA] and Anti-Mouse, Rabbit Anti Universal [SIGMA-USA]. The results showed that all the three serological tests used can detect all types of mosaic viruses in infected seedling and patchouli plants with a success rate of 100%. The TBIA and DIBA techniques are faster and easier than ELISA, therefore these techniques are recommended to be used by farmers and patchouli seed producers to prevent the distribution of mosaic viruses.Keywords: P ogostemon cablin, mosaic virus, ELISA, TBIA, DIBA AbstrakPenyakit mosaik yang disebabka n oleh virus merupakan salah satu kendala utama pada produksi minyak nilam. Virus tersebut ditularkan melalui benih nilam dan serangga vektor sehingga penyebarannya sangat cepat dan sudah banyak ditemukan di sentra pertanaman nilam di Sumatera, Jawa dan Sulawesi. Deteksi dini virus pada benih nilam merupakan langkah strategis untuk mengendalikan penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan teknik deteksi dini virus penyebab penyakit mosaik pada benih dan tanaman nilam secara serologi, sehingga mudah diaplikasikan oleh petani dan pengguna di lapangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman Balittro dari bulan Februari 2015 sampai dengan bulan April 2016. Teknik deteksi secara serologi yang dilakukan adalah Tissue Blot Immunobinding Assay (TBIA), Dot Immuno Binding Assay (DIBA) dan Enzyme Linked Immuno Assay (ELISA). Sampel benih dan tanaman nilam bergejala mosaik diperoleh dari pertanaman atau penangkar benih di Bogor, Pandeglang-Banten dan Cigombong-Kabupaten Bogor. Sebanyak 180 sampel diuji keberadaan virusnya dengan menggunakan antisera komersial, yaitu Potyvirus, Broad bean wilt virus 1.2; Cucumber mosaic virus (AGDIA-USA) dan Anti Mouse, Anti Rabbit Universal (SIGMA-USA). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa ketiga teknik serologi yang diuji dapat mendeteksi seluruh jenis virus yang menimbulkan gejala mosaik pada benih dan tanaman nilam, dengan tingkat keberhasilan 100%. Teknik deteksi TBIA dan DIBA mosaik lebih cepat dan mudah dibandingkan dengan ELISA sehingga dapat dianjurkan kepada petani dan penangkar benih nilam untuk mencegah penyebaran virus mosaik, karena lebih cepat dan mudah digunakan.Kata kunci: Pogostemon cablin, virus mosaik, ELISA, TBIA, DIBA
PENINGKATAN PERTUMBUHAN KELAPA SAWIT DI PEMBIBITAN DENGAN PEMUPUKAN NPK / Increasing Growth of Oil Palm Seedling with NPK Fertilization Kasno, Antonius; Anggria, L.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 22, No 3 (2016): September, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v22n3.2016.107-114

Abstract

Fertilization is a very important factor of production. Fertlizer on oil palm nurseries need to consider the soil used as a medium. Excessive or insufficient fertilization resulted in inferior growth. The aim of this research was to study the effects of compound fertilizer NPK 11-7-12 on the growth of oil palm seedlings and determine the optimum dose for oil palm nursery seedlings. The research was conducted in a greenhouse at Soil Research Institute, Laladon, Bogor, in October 2012 - June 2013. The design was randomized complete block, 6 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment consisted of 4 (1) NPK 11-7-12, (2) single NPK fertilizer (Urea, SP-36, KCl), (3) NPK 15-15-15, and (4) control treatment (without NPK). Doses of NPK fertilizer was 0.00, 2.50, 5.00, 7.50, and 10.00 g NPK/tree. Beside NPK fertilizer, each polybag was added with Kieserite 1 g/tree. Urea, SP-36, KCl, Kieserite and NPK was given 12 times. Fertilization was performed at 1 week after transplanting, and then performed every 2 weeks up to 12 times. The results showed that NPK fertilizer either single or compound able to increase the growth of oil palm plantations. Effect of NPK 11-7-12 fertilizer was the same with NPK 15- 15-15 and better than the single NPK fertilizer. The optimum dosage of NPK 11-7-12 fertilizer for oil palm seedling is 5 – 6 g/tree.Keywords: compound NPK, palm oil, inceptisols, seedlings AbstrakPupuk merupakan faktor produksi yang sangat penting. Pemberian pupuk pada pembibitan kelapa sawit perlu mempertimbangkan tanah yang digunakan sebagai media. Pemupukan yang berlebihan atau kurang berakibat kurang baik dan pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit kurang optimum. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pupuk majemuk NPK 11-7-12 terhadap pertumbuhan kelapa sawit di pembibitan dan menentukan dosis optimum untuk pembibitan kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Tanah di Laladon, Bogor, pada Oktober 2012 - Juni 2013. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan acak kelompok, 7 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari 4 dosis pupuk NPK 11-7-12, perlakuan pupuk NPK tunggal (Urea, SP-36 dan KCl), dan pupuk NPK 15-15-15, serta kontrol (tanpa NPK). Dosis pupuk majemuk NPK 11-7-12 adalah: 0,00; 2,50; 5,00; 7,50 dan 10,00 g NPK/pohon. Selain pupuk NPK setiap polibag ditambah 1 g pupuk kieserit/pohon. Pupuk Urea, SP-36, KCl, kieserit dan NPK diberikan sebanyak 12 kali. Pemupukan dilakukan pada saat tanaman berumur 1 minggu setelah tanam, selanjutnya dilakukan setiap 2 minggu sampai 12 kali aplikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk NPK baik tunggal maupun majemuk mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman kelapa sawit. Pengaruh pupuk NPK 11-7-12 sama dengan pupuk NPK 15-15-15 dan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pupuk NPK tunggal. Takaran optimum pupuk NPK 11-7-12 untuk bibit kelapa sawit adalah 5-6 g/pohon.Kata kunci: NPK majemuk, kelapa sawit, Inceptisols, bibit
PRODUKTIVITAS SOM JAWA (Talinum paniculatum Gaertn.) PADA BEBERAPA KOMPOSISI BAHAN ORGANIK DARWATI, IRENG; RAHARDJO, MONO; SMD, ROSITA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 6, No 1 (2000): Juni, 2000
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v6n1.2000.1-4

Abstract

Productivity of Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. on several of organ ics matter compositionTalinum paniculatum Gaertn. is a tuber producing crop To produce (he optimum yield Ihe crop needs the soil with good physical properties and fertility The soil conditions may be improved by applying organic matter. An experiment was conducted to evaluate Ihe effect of the composition of organic matter (compost, stable manure and casting) on tuber yield of talinum. The experiment was carried out at the Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crop. Bogor. from September 1996 to September 1997. in a randomized block designed with four replications. The treatments evaluated were Ihe ratio of soil organic matter, i.e (I) soil, (2) soil + stable manure (3:1); (3) soil + casting (3:1); (4) soil + bamboo leaf compost (3:1): (5) soil + casting + bamboo leaf compost (6:1:1); (6) soil + stable manure + bamboo leaf compost (6:1:1); (7) soil + stable manure ♦ casting (6:1:1). Seedling was planted in polybag containing 20 kg of tested media Plants were applied with I g urea, 3 g TSP and 3 g KCI/polybag as basal dressing, while 2 g of urea was applied as top dressing at 3 months after planting. Plants were harvested at I year after planting Result of experiment found thai 3 kinds of organic matter treatments could increase Ihe number, fresh weight, and dry weight of tuber The highest tuber production were 165.40 g fresh/plant and 26.75 g dried/plant resulted from soil and casting treatment (3 I).
REKAYASA OVEN PORTABEL-HORISONTAL PADA PENGOLAHAN TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA SAMSURI TIRTOSASTRO; ABI DWI HASTONO; . DARMONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 3 (2004): September, 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n3.2004.96-105

Abstract

Oven portabel-horisontal (4m x 8m x 4m) untuk pengovenan daun tembakau Virginia menjadi krosok fc (flue-cured) telah direkayasa di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat, Malang, Indonesia. Konstruksi oven terdiri alas komponen dinding oven berisolasi (80cm x 200cm), kerangka dari besi siku dan bcsi U, kolektor surya datar (solar flat- collector) yang dipasang pada atap oven. Sistem pcmanas kompor Bros dengan pemanasan tidak langsung. Pengujian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan Oktober 2002 di Lombok Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Model oven portabel-horisontal ini diharapkan dapat menghasilkan suhu niang oven yang seragam sehingga dapat digunakan untuk mengoven daun tembakau yang persentase masak optimalnya tinggi (90- 95%), hemat bahan bakar, dapat dipasang mendekati areal tanaman sehingga hemat ongkos angkut dan dapat menekan kerusakan pasca panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata selisih suhu ruang atas dan ruang bawah, serta ruang sebclah kanan dan sebelah kiri, masing-masing 2.53°C dan 2.30°C sedangkan selisih kelembaban udara pada posisi yang sama masing-masing hanya 4.55% dan 3.64%. Kadar gula krosok yang dihasilkan berkisar antara 17.19-19.47% dan nikotin 3.16-3.73%. Konsumsi minyak tanah 1.09 l/kg krosok atau 1.16 l/kg krosok jika tanpa kolektor surya dan hanya 40.92% dibanding oven biasa yang memeriukan 2.39-2.80 l/kg krosok. Kolektor surya datar menyumbang 952 625 kJ setara 28.24 I minyak tanah atau 5.80% dari konsumsi minyak tanah, meskipun alat ini memeriukan 17.16% dari total investasi oven. Panas yang hilang melalui dinding karena konduksi hanya mencapai 3.57%, lebih rendah dibanding kehilangan panas pada dinding bata yang mencapai 12.7% - 16.0%. Hasil grading krosok menghasilkan harga jual rata-rata Rp. 12.275/kg kosok, sedangkan hasil analisis ekonomi menunjukkan rasio BC = 1.29; NPV = Rp. 41 962 590 dan IRR = 51.83% atau masih membei peluang keuntungan dan pengembalian kredit. Hasil perhitungan simulasi jika digunakan oven horisontal sederhana dengan harga Rp. 8 000 000 tiap unit, harga krosok Rp. 10 000, Rp. 12 500, dan Rp. 15 000 tiap kg dan harga minyak tanah Rp. 1 000, Rp. I 250 dan Rp. I 500 tiap liter masih memberi indikasi peluang keuntungan dan pengembalian kredit. Konstruksi oven akan lebih sederhana jika digunakan kerangka kayu dan tanpa kolektor surya.Kata kunci : Nicotiana tabacum, L, tembakau, prosesing, oven, portabel- horisontal, kolektor surya, analisis energi, mutu krosok, aspek ekonomi ABSTRACT Engineering of horizontal-potabel curing-barn of Virgi¬ nia tobacco curingEngineeing of the horizontal-portable curing-barn (4m x 8m x 4m) of Virginia tobacco curing lo produce Virginia fc (flue-cured) tobacco conducted in Indonesian Tobacco and Fibers Crops Research Institute, Malang, Indonesia. The curing-bam construction consisted of portable isolation wall, metal frame from L and U iron-bar and flat solar collector which was installed in curing-bam roof. Bros buner and air indirect heating system were used. This curing-bam was tested in East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara on virgina tobacco harvested in August to October 2002. This horizontal-portable curing-bam was expected to be able to96 produce the homogen temperature and humidity in all space of the curing- bam so that it is suitable for curing the harvesting tobacco leaves which high percentage of mature leaves (90-95%), fuel efficienct and liable to be constructed near tobacco plant area, so that it can decrease the transpotation cost and postharvest damage. The result of the research showed that there were significant difference between above-space and lower-space, let-space and right-space, even it was only 2.53°C and 2.30°C, respectively. The same position for air humidity, 4.55% and 3.64%, respectivelly. Kerosene fuel consumption 1.09 I each kg cured- leaves or 1.16 I each kg cured leaves if without lat solar collector, lower than farmers conventional curing-bam which consumpt 2.39-2.80 I each kg cured-leaves. Flat solar-collector contributed 952 625 Id only or 5.80% of kerosene consumption or equal lo 28.24 I kerosene, even though this equipment needed 17.16% of total curing-bam in vestal ion Heat conduction lost through the portable wall only 3.57%, lower than brickwall conventional curing-bam which reach 12.7-16.0%. Result of the cured-leaves grading gave the average price Rp 12 275,- each kg cured- leaves and economic analysis showed that BC-ratio-1.29, NPV-41 962 590 and IRR=51.83% or still gave the profit chance and ability to pay the capital interest. Result of simulate calculation by simple construction curing-bam, Rp. 8 000 000 price each unit, still gave BC-ratio above one percent. This indicated the profit chance and ability to pay the capital interest. In this simulate calculation three price of cured-leaves and kerosene was used, as followed Rp. 10 000, Rp. 12 500, and Rp. 15 000 each kg cured leaves, and Rp. I 000, Rp. 1 250 and Rp. I 500 each liter of kerosene, respectivelly. The construction of the curing-bam will be simpler if using wood frame and without lat solar collector.Key words : Nicotiana tabacum, L., tobacco, processing, oven, horizontal- portable curing-bam, lat solar-collector, energy analysis, cured-leaves grade, economical-aspect
ANALISIS KEUNGGULAN KOMPARATIF USAHA TANI LADA HITAM DI LAMPUNG DAN LADA PUTIH DI KALIMANTAN BARAT YUHONO, J. T.; MAULUDI, LUDI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 5, No 3 (1999): Desember, 1999
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v5n3.1999.81-85

Abstract

The comparative advantage analysis of black pepper in farm Lampung and white pepper's farm in West Kalimantan Study of the comparative advantage of pepper farm was conducted in Lampung as black pepper production centre with non-intensive pattern, and West Kalimantan as white pepper production centre with semi- intensive pattern fom January to March 1996. The objectives of this research were to analyze the comparative advantage of pepper farm from in terms of its capability to earn foreign exchange. Data wee conducted by survey method. Location was selected by purposive sampling method based on pepper farm pattern anner sampling was conducted by simple random sampling for each villages. The data were analyzed by using net social proitability and domestic esources cost. The result showed that pepper farm for both of production centre had comparative advantage to earn foreign exchange and the comparative advantage for semi intensive pattern was higher than that of non intensive patten. For the development of pepper in Indonesia the semi intensive pattern is better the non intensive pattern, there for it should be sugested.
PENGGUNAAN SELASIH DALAM PENGENDALIAN HAMA LALAT BUAH PADA MANGGA AGUS KARDINAN; M.H. BINTORO; M. SYAKIR; A.A AMIN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 3 (2009): September 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n3.2009.101-109

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Sumedang pada bulan Januarihingga April 2009 dengan tujuan untuk menggali kearifan lokalpenggunaan selasih dalam pengendalian hama lalat buah. Sumedangmerupakan sentra produksi mangga, sehingga menjadi sumber matapencaharian utama bagi beberapa petani. Lalat buah merupakan hamautama pada komoditas mangga di Sumedang yang mengakibatkankerugian berupa kuantitas dengan rontoknya buah-buahan yang terserangdan berupa kualitas, yaitu busuknya mangga yang terserang. Penelitiandirancang dalam acak kelompok, empat perlakuan dan enam ulangan.Perlakuan terdiri dari pestisida nabati formula petani berupa (1) air sulingselasih, (2) minyak selasih petani, (3) minyak selasih yang diproses diBalittro, (4) atraktan lalat buah yang sudah dikomersialkan (pembanding).Semua formula diteteskan sebanyak 0,25 ml pada gumpalan kapas, kecualiair suling selasih dengan cara mencelupkan kapas ke dalam air sulingnya,kemudian ditempatkan di dalam botol perangkap yang terbuat dari botolminuman air mineral volume 600 ml dan digantungkan pada pohonmangga setinggi 2 m di atas permukaan tanah yang ditempatkan secaraacak. Penempatan perangkap dilakukan pada enam blok kebun yangterpisah dan merupakan ulangan. Aplikasi formula hanya dilakukan satukali, untuk melihat daya tahan masing-masing formula dalam me-merangkap lalat buah di lapangan. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap mingguterhadap jumlah, jenis dan kelamin lalat buah yang terperangkap sertakandungan bahan aktif pada masing-masing formula dengan menggunakanGas Kromatografi. Aspek sosial ekonomi dilakukan terhadap 30 orangpetani yang diambil secara acak, termasuk pedagang buah dengan carawawancara melalui kuesioner yang telah dipersiapkan. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pestisida selasih sebagai atraktan untukmengendalikan hama lalat buah, dapat menurunkan penggunaan pestisidasebanyak 62%, menurunkan tingkat kerusakan buah-buahan sebesar 34%dan meningkatkan hasil sebesar 73%. Air suling selasih dengan kandunganmetil eugenol sebesar 0,46% mampu memerangkap hama lalat buahselama satu minggu, setelah itu perlu aplikasi ulang pada setiapminggunya, sedangkan minyak selasih hasil petani dengan kandunganmetil eugenol sebesar 77,9% mampu memerangkap hama lalat buahselama satu bulan, setara dengan minyak selasih yang diproses di Balittrodengan kandungan metil eugenol sebesar 73,6% dan lebih baik daripadaatraktan lalat buah komersial yang mengandung metil eugenol sebesar75%. Lalat buah yang terperangkap didominasi oleh spesies Bactroceradorsalis (97%) dan sisanya adalah Bactrocera umbrosus (3%) sertadidominasi oleh lalat buah berkelamin jantan.Kata kunci : Ocimum minimum, Bactrocera dorsalis, Mangifera indicaABSTRACTUsing Ocimum spp. on controlling fruit flies on mangoThe objective of the research is to digest indigenous technology(local wisdom) of using botanical pesticide in controlling fruit flies.Research was conducted by evaluating the effectiveness of farmerstechnology (indigenous knowledge) in formulating botanical pesticide forcontrolling fruit flies (fruit flies attractant), compared to fruit fliesattractant formulated in the laboratory of Indonesian Medicinal andAromatic Research Institute (IMACRI) and commercial fruit fliesattractant. Research was arranged by randomized block design, fourtreatments and six replications. Treatments consist of (1) farmerstechnology, i.e. distilled water of basil (Ocimum spp.), (2) farmerstechnology, i.e. essential oil of basil (Ocimum spp.), (3) essential oil ofbasil formulated in IMACRI and (4) commercial attractant. Each formulawas dropped as much as 0.25 ml on cotton bud, except distilled water ofbasil which is applied by dipping the cotton bud into the distilled water,placing it in the trap made from 600 ml volume drinking water, thenhanging it as high as 2 m on the mango tree. Dropping of formula wasdone just one time to evaluate the duration of attractant on trapping fruitflies in the field. Observations were done every week on the number,species, sex ratio of fruit flies trapped, and the duration of attractant abilityon trapping fruit flies in the field. The active ingredient of formula wasanalyzed by Gas Chromatograph conducted in IMACRI. The social andeconomy aspects were done by interviewing the farmers throughquestionnaires. The number of the farmers interviewed were 30 farmers,including the trader of mango. Result showed that indigenous technologyof the farmer was effective and efficient since it can decrease the use ofpesticide as much as 62% and decrease fruit damage as much as 34% andincrease their income as much as 73%. Technology of farmers in the formof distilled water of basil could stand as long as a week on trapping fruitflies, hence its application must be repeated every week. Meanwhile in theform of essential oil could stand for one month and is not significantlydifferent with attractant formulated in IMACRI, even better thancommercial attractant, hence its application can be done every month.Only male fruit flies can be trapped and most of them consist ofBactrocera dorsalis species (97%) and the rest is Bactrocera umbrosusspecies (3%). The active ingredient content (Methyl eugenol – C 12  H 24 O 2 )in the distilled water of basil is 0.43%. Meanwhile in essential oil of thefarmer is 77.9% and in essential oil of IMACRI is 73.6% and incommercial attractant is 75%.Key words : Ocimum minimum, Bactrocera dorsalis, Mangifera indica
FORMULASI FLY SPRAY DARI EKSTRAK PIRETRUM DAN EFFEKTIVITASNYA TERHADAP SERANGGA RUMAH TANGGA SRI YULIANI; . TRITIANINGSIH; SOFYAN RUSLI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 9, No 3 (2003): September, 2003
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v9n3.2003.116-120

Abstract

Telah dilakukan pembuatan formula fly spray dengan bahan aktif utama ekstrak piretrum dan uji efTektivitasnya dilakukan terhadap serangga rumah tangga. Penelitian dimulai dari April sampai Oktober 2001 di Laboratorium Fisiologi Hasil dan Keteknikan, Balinro dan Laboratorium Entomologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, IPB Komponen formula terdiri dari ekstrak piretrum, minyak serai wangi, minyak wijen, naftalen, pine oil, pclarut pertasol CB dan LAWS. Perlakuan formulasi yaitu dibual variasi konsentrasi ekstrak piretrum ( 0.041% dan 0.052% ), penambahan/tanpa pine oil (0%, 0.1%) dan natalen (0%, 1.0%) serta jenis pclarut (LAWS dan pertasol CB). Uji effektivitas dilakukan terhadap serangga rumah tangga yaitu lalat, nyamuk, semut dan kecoa. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dua formula yaitu Fi dan F, adalah formula paling effektif terhadap lalat Musca domeslica dan sebagai formula terpilih adalah Fj. Formula ini effektif terhadap nyamuk Culex qumquefasciatus dengan mematikan 92% pada menit ke dua sangat efektif terhadap semut t'onera sp. dengan angka kematian 100% pada menit ke dua, dan kurang effektif terhadap kecoa Blatella germanica menyebabkan kematian 90% pada menil ke 30. Komposisi formula F> terdii dari ekstrak piretrum dengan kadar piretrin 0.041%, minyak serai wangi 0.1%, minyak wijen 3%, natalen 1% dan pelarut LAWS. Pelarut terbaik untuk formula ini adalah LAWS.Kata kunci: Fly spray, Piretrum, formulasi, uji effektivitas, serangga rumah tangga ABSTRACT Fly spray formulation of pyrethrum extract and its effectiveness on housefliesThe production of ly spray formula with active ingredient pyrethrum extract and its efficacy on houselics were conducted from Apil to October 2001 at (he Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops, Bogor and at Entomology laboratory of FKH - IPB. The formula was made from pyrethrum extract, citronella oil, sesame oil, natalein, pine oil and solvent, i.e pertasol CB and LAWS. The parameters observed were the variation concentration of pyrethrum extract (0.041% and 0.051%), added with pine oil (0%, 0.1%), natalein (0%, 1.0%) and solvents (LAWS and pertasol CB). The eficacy lest was conducted on houselies which included housely, mosquito, ant and cockroach. The result showed that F> and Fi were ihe most effective to M. domeslica and Fi is the selected formula. Fi was effective to Cx. qumquefasciatus mosquito which killed 92% of the mosquito in two minutes, and very effective to Ponera sp ants which killed 100% in iwo minutes, and less effective to B. germanica cockroach which killed 90% in half hour. The Fj formula was made from pyrethrum extract with 0.041% piretrin, 0.1% citronella oil, 3% sesame oil, 1% natalein and LAWS solvent LAWS was the best solvent for the formula.Key words : Fly spray, pyrethrum, formulation, efficacy test, houselies

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