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INDONESIA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri merupakan publikasi ilmiah primer yang memuat hasil penelitian primer komoditas perkebunan yang belum dimuat pada media apapun, diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, DIPA 2011 terbit empat kali setahun.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 552 Documents
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KANDUNGAN FENOL DAN LIGNIN TANAMAN NILAM HIBRIDA (Pogostemon sp.) HASIL FUSI PROTOPLAS NURYANI, YANG; MUSTIKA, IKA; SYUKUR, CHEPPY
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 7, No 4 (2001): Desember, 2001
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v7n4.2001.104-107

Abstract

Evaluation of phenols and lignin in the root of hybrid patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) front protoplast fusionOne of the problems faced in patchouli production is nematode infection (Pratylenchus brachyurus). Improvement of the plant resistance to nematode in patchouli is dificult 10 be conducted through conventional method as the plant never llowcrs. One of the methods of improving (he plain resistance is by using protoplast fusion of Aceh patchouli (Pogostemon cablin, cv Sidikalang ) and Java patchouli (/' heyneanus. cv (iirilaya). It has been found thai Ihe plain resistance lo nematode is closely related to phenols and lignin content of the root Therefore. Ihe level of resistance of different clones of somatic hybrids lo nematode was approached by evaluating ihe content of phenols and lignin of the roots The study was conducted al the laboratory of the Research Institute for food Crop Biotechnology, Bogor in November 2000. Phenol content was determined with high performance liquid Chromatography (IIPI.C). while lignin content was determined with Klasou method. Result showed that Java patchouli (Girilaya) contained phenols and lignin respectively 76.53 and 21 900 pp. higher than those of Aceh patchouli (Sidikalang and Tapak Tuan) respectively 38 2-81 45 and 8 000-7 200 ppm. Phenol and lignin content in the somatic hybrids were dilferenl in Ihe respective pairs. In the fusion of Girilaya x Sidikalang. all clones contained phenol lower than those of Iheir parents, some clones (29%) contained lignin higher than Sidikalang but lower than (iirilaya. and the rest (71%) contained lignin lower than the two parents. Meanwhile, from Ihe fusion of Girilaya, Tapak Tuan. I clone (4%) contained phenols higher than those of (he two parents (97 ppm). 39% contained phenols higher than Tapak Tuan but lower than Girilaya (38.75-60.12 ppm) and the rests (60%) contained phenol lower than the two parents. Furthermore, the lignin content, of 78% somatic hybrids was lower than Girilaya but higher than Tapak Tuan, but the rest (22%) was lower than the two parents. Based on the distribution of phenols and lignin content. Ihe somatic hybrids can be categorized in three group The irst groups (5 clones) contained high phenols (higher than the average). Ihe second group (9 clones) contained high lignin. and Ihe third (I clone) contained high phenol and lignin.
EFISIENSI PEMUPUKAN NPK PADA TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) PRIBADI, EKWASITA RINI; RAHARJO, MONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 14, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v14n4.2008.162-170

Abstract

ABSTRAKPemberian pupuk N, P, dan K yang tepat jumlah, dan jenis padatanaman temulawak, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaanpupuk dan biaya sehingga produksi dan pendapatan yang diperoleh akanoptimal. Untuk itu dilakukan pengujian beberapa dosis pupuk urea, SP-36dan KCl pada temulawak di Kebun Percobaan Sukamulaya pada tanahLatosol dengan ketinggian tempat 350 m dpl, tipe iklim C (klasifikasiSchmidt dan Ferguson). Penanaman dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2006dan panen dilakukan bulan September 2007. Percobaan ini menggunakanrancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang disusun secara faktorial dengan 3kali ulangan. Faktor pertama, kedua dan ketiga adalah pupuk urea (N),SP-36 (P) dan KCl (K) masing-masing dengan dosis 100 kg/ha, 200 kg/hadan 300kg/ha. Ukuran petak percobaan adalah 3,75 m x 4 m per perlakuan/ulangan. Percobaan menggunakan bibit temulawak nomor harapan Fdengan jarak tanam 75 cm x 50 cm. Sebagai pupuk dasar diberikan pupukkandang dengan dosis adalah 20 ton pupuk kandang. Pupuk SP-36, danKCl diberikan sesuai dengan perlakuan yang seluruhnya diberikan padasaat tanam. Sedangkan pupuk urea diberikan sesuai dengan perlakuanmasing-masing 1/3 bagian pada umur 1, 2, dan 3 BST (Bulan SesudahTanam). Tanaman dipanen pada umur 10 bulan setelah tanam (BST).Peubah yang diamati meliputi; data asupan (input) berupa penggunaansarana produksi usahatani, penggunaan tenaga kerja dan peralatan, sertadata keluaran (output) berupa hasil rimpang segar, simplisia kering, danrendemen ekstrak temulawak. Harga masukan dan keluaran yangdigunakan mengacu pada harga standard/pasar yang berlaku pada saatpenelitian dilakukan. Analisis efisiensi teknis dan ekonomis digunakanuntuk menentukan dosis pemupukan yang paling baik untuk dikembang-kan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, berdasarkan beberapa kriteria analisisefisiensi teknis dan ekonomis pengembangan temulawak nomor harapan Fdianjurkan menggunakan dosis pemupukan an-organik yang rendah yaitu200 kg/ha urea, dan SP-36 dan KCl masing-masing 100 kg/ha. Dengandosis pemupukan tersebut diperoleh : (1) produksi rimpang, kurkuminoiddan xanthorizol masing-masing 2.277 kg, 33,24 dan 73,26 kg per 1.000 m 2lahan, (2) tingkat pendapatan bersih Rp. 344.500/1.000 m 2 lahan, rasiobiaya operasional terhadap pendapatan kotor 23,13%, rasio pendapatandikurangi biaya operasional terhadap pendapatan kotor 76,87%, danefisiensi ekonomi tiap perlakuan pemupukan dibanding kontrol (urea,SP36 dan KCl masing-masing 100 kg/ha) 5,08.Kata kunci : Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb, kajian finansial, pupuk NPK,nomor harapan FABSTRACTEfficiency of NPK Fertilizer Application on Java Turmeric (Curcumaxanthorrhiza Roxb)Efficiency of inorganic fertilizers application is determined byeffective type and fertilizers dosage. Current experiment was designed tocompare the efficiency of application of three levels dosage of urea, SP-36, and KCl on java turmeric farming system. The experiment wasconducted at Sukamulya (Sukabumi) Experimental Garden on latosol soiltype, 350 m above sea level, with climate type A of Schmidt andFerguson’s climate classification from August 2007 to September 2008.Treatments were combination of 100 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha, and 300 kg/ha ofeach urea, SP36, and KCl fertilizer. The treatments were designed infactorial randomized block with three replications. Organic fertilizer(manure) was applied to all experiment plots at planting time with dosageof 20 tons/ha. SP36 and KCl fertilizer were applied at planting time, whileurea fertilizer was applied in three equal parts, separately, on plantingtime, one and two months after planting time. Java turmeric promisingline of F was used as plant materials and planted at 75 cm x 50 cm plantedspacing. Physical and economic efficiency analysis of the each treatmentunit was used to evaluate the efficiency of fertilizer application withtreatment-related costs were assumed as variable costs. Results showedthat based on physical and economic efficiency, fertilizer combination of200 kg urea/ha, 100 kg SP36/ha, and 100 kg KCl/ha was the most efficientdosage with yield of rhizome, curcuminoid and xanthorhizol at the dosagelevel per 1000 m 2 were 2.277 kg, 33,24 kg, and 73,26 kg respectively.Moreover, that were gained crop value Rp. 344.500/1.000 m 2 , operatingexpense ratio 23,13%, net farm income from operation ratio 76,87%, andeconomic efficiency each treatment compare to control 5,08 times.Key words: Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb, financial analysis, NPKfertilizer, promising line F
ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN ADOPSI KAPAS TRANSGENIK DI SULAWESI SELATAN Agus Wahyudi; Syahrial Taher; Rahmi Watt
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 9, No 4 (2003): Desember 2003
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v9n4.2003.135-140

Abstract

Adopsi Kapas transgenik yang diinlroduksi secara terbatas sejak tahun 2000 di tujuh kabupaten di Sulawesi Selatan perlu dicvaluasi kebcrlanjutannya Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor - faktor yang mempengaruhi peluang keberlanjutan petani dalam mengadopsi kapas transgenik di daerah introduksi yaitu tujuh kabupaten di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Kerangka penelitian yang digunakan adalah peluang keberlanjutan adopsi dipengaruhi oleh karaktcr subyek, karaktcr inovasi, dan lingkungan fisik dan sosial. Dengan kriteria sebaran dan luas kapas transgenik, pola sebaran curah hujan, dan waktu panen maka daerah yang terpilih adalah Kabupaten Bantaeng, Takalar, Gowa, dan Bulukumba, dan penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus-September 2002. Metode pengambilan contoh petani digunakan metode acak sederhana, karena homogenitas Icarakter yang diinginkan relatif tinggi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda yang pendugaannya dengan metode maximum likelihood. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa lebih dai 50% petani berpeluang untuk bcrhenti mengadopsi. Hal ini antara lain disebabkan ketidakmampuan petani untuk menanggung resiko usahatani kapas transgenik yang tinggi, sedang pendapatan yang diharapkan kurang stabil. Selain itu adopsi berpeluang besar akan berlanjut di daerah yang iklimnya sesuai dan kompatible dengan musim dan pola tanam yang ada.Kata kunci: Kapas transgenic, adopsi, keberlanjutan, resiko usahatani, pendapatan ABSTRACTAnalysis of sustainability of transgenic cotton adoption in South SulawesiThe adoption of transgenic conon that has been introduced since 2000 in seven regencies of South Sulawesi need to be evaluated further. The objective of the study was to analyze factors which influenced the adoption of transgenic cotton by the farmers in the introduction area. The research frame used is sustainability of adoption depend on characteistics of subjects and innovation and physical and social environment. Citeia used to determine research area were distribution and coverage of transgenic conon farms, distibution pattern of rainfall, and time of harvest. The area chosen were Regency of Bantaeng, Takalar, Gowa, and Bulukumba. The sampling method used was simple random sampling, since the population was relatively homogen. The results of the analysis indicated that more than SO % of the farmers had a chance to stop adopting the transgenic conon. Il happened because the farmers were uncapablc to take the isk of transgenic coton farming which was very high, while the income rom this farming was not stable. However, the adoption of transgenic cotton is potential in the area where the climate is suitable and compatible with the seasons and existing farming system.Key words: Transgenic coton, adoption, sustainability, farm risk, income
RESPON TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN PUPUK BIO PADA KONDISI AGROEKOLOGI YANG BERBEDA YUSRON, MUCHAMAD
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 4 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n4.2009.162-167

Abstract

ABSTRAKEfisiensi pemupukan dan peningkatan produktivitas temu-temuandapat dilakukan dengan penggunaan pupuk bio. Penelitian untukmengetahui respon temulawak terhadap pupuk bio telah dilaksanakan didua kondisi agroekologi yang berbeda di Kabupaten Boyolali, yakni diDesa Wonoharjo, Kecamatan Kemusu (jenis tanah Mediteran coklat tua,200 m dpl, tipe iklim C, tegakan jati umur 3 tahun, intensitas cahayasekitar 60%), dan Desa Kaligentong, Kecamatan Ampel (Andosol, 600 mdpl, tipe iklim B, hutan sengon rakyat, intensitas cahaya sekitar 40%).Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai Oktober 2002 sampai September 2003.Jarak tanam temulawak 50 cm x 75 cm, luas petak 10 m x 10 m.Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3perlakuan dan 9 ulangan. Perlakuan adalah dosis pupuk bio, yaitu (i) 0, (ii)45, dan (iii) 90 kg/ha. Sedangkan pupuk dasar yang diberikan adalah 10ton pupuk kandang + 200 kg urea + 200 kg SP-36 + 200 kg KCl per ha.Pupuk  bio  yang  digunakan  mengandung  mikroorganisme  aktifAzospirillum lipoferum Beijerincki, Azotobacter vinelandii Beijerincki,Aeromonas punctata Zimmermann, dan Aspergillus niger van Tiegham.Pupuk urea diberikan tiga kali, masing-masing 1/3 bagian pada 1, 2, dan 3bulan setelah tanam (BST). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap parametertinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, produksi rimpang dan mutu rimpang. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anakan tidak dipengaruhi olehkondisi agroekologi. Pupuk bio secara nyata mampu meningkatkanproduktivitas temulawak, namun peningkatan tersebut dipengaruhi olehkondisi agroekologi. Penambahan pupuk bio sebesar 45 dan 90 kg/hameningkatkan produksi rimpang segar temulawak sebesar 24 dan 47%.Mutu simplisia yang dihasilkan memenuhi standar Materia MedicaIndonesia.Kata kunci : Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb, pupuk bio, kondisi agroekologiABSTRACTResponse of Java Turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) toBiofertilizers Application Under Different Agroecological ConditionFertilization efficiency and yield of zingiberaceae may be improvedthrough the application of biofertilizers. A field experiment to evaluate theresponse of Java turmeric to the application of biofertilizers under differentagroecological conditions was carried out at Wonoharjo, KemusuSubdistrict (dark brown Mediterranean soil, 200 m asl., climate type C,3 years teak plantation, light intensity 60%), and Kaligentong, AmpelSubdistrict (Andosol, 600 m asl., climate type B, 5 years albizia plantation,light intensity 40%). Both experimental sites were located at BoyolaliDistrict. The experiment was conducted from October 2002 to September2003. Planting distance was 50 cm x 75 cm, and plot size was 10 m x 10m. The experiment was arranged using randomized block design withthree treatments and 9 replicates. The treatments were biofertilizer dosage,i.e. (i) 0, (ii) 45 and (iii) 90 kg/ha. Inorganic fertilizers was applied as basalfertilization, i.e. 10 ton manure + 200 kg urea + 200 kg SP-36 + 200 kgKCl per hectare. Biofertilizer contained some active microorganisms, i.e.Azospirillum lipoferum Beijerincki, Azotobacter vinelandii Beijerincki,Aeromonas punctata Zimmermann and Aspergillus niger van Tiegham.Urea was applied 1/3 dosage each at 1, 2, 3 months after planting (MAP).Manure was applied a week before planting, while SP-36 and KCl wereapplied at planting time. Parameters observed were plant height, numbersof clump, fresh rhizome yield and dried rhizome quality. The resultsshowed that plant growth was not significantly affected by agroecologicalconditions. Biofertilizers significantly affected crop yield, however, theincrease of crop yield was affected by agroecological conditions.Application 45 and 90 kg/ha of biofertilizers of increased fresh rhizomeyield of about 24 and 47%. Dried rhizome quality of all treatments meetMateria Medica Indonesia standard.Keywords : Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb, biofertilizers, agroecologicalconditions
EVALUASI PERTUMBUHAN DAN DAYA HASIL BERBAGAI KLON NILAM ASAL KULTUR JARINGAN . HOBIR; DELIAH SESWITA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 8, No 4 (2002): Desember, 2002
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v8n4.2002.117-120

Abstract

Pertumbuhan dan daya hasil dari berbagai klom nilam dievatuasi di KP. Cimanggu (Bogor) dari tahun 1999 - 2000. Dua puluh dua klon nilam yang berasal dai kultur kalus yang diradiasi dengan sinar gamma, 1 klon kontrol (asal kultur mata tunas) serta 3 klon pembanding (Klon TT, Sdk dan Crt) ditanam dengan jarak tanam 100 cm x 50 cm. Percobaan dirancang secara acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Luas petak adalah 10 m2 yang memuat 20 tanaman. Parameter yang digunakan adalah sifat- sifat morfologi, yang meliputi tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah dan panjang cabang, jumlah daun per cabang, panjang dan lebar daun serta komponen hasil, yang meliputi berat tanaman, berat tcrsuling (segar dan kering) dan kadar minyak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan sifat-sifat morfologi dan komponen hasil terdapat 4 klon yang mcnonjol. yaitu 3 klon hasil kultur jaingan (klon lb, 2b, dan 75) dengan hasil tema kering masing-masing 0.222; 0.222; dan 0. 216 kg/tanaman dan kadar minyak masing-masing 4.28; 4.00; dan 4.54%, serta satu klon konvensional (Ct) dengan hasil tema keing 0.469 dan kadar minyak 4.84%.Kata kunci: Pogostemon cablin, nilam, klon, kultur jaringan ABSTRACT Evaluation on the growth and yield potency of different clones ofpatchoulifrom tissue cultureThe growth and yield potency of different patchouli developed from tissue culture were studied at the Cimanggu Experimental Garden from 1999 to 2000. The materials were twenty-two clones of patchouli raised rom the gamma irradiated calli, 1 control clone (raised rom tissue culture propagated plant from which the irradiated calli were derived) and 3 conventionally propagated clones (Crt, TT and Sdk). The planting mateials were planted in a plant spacing of 100 cm x 50 cm. The experiment was designed as a randomaized block in 3 replicates. Plot size was 10 m2, accommodated 20 plants. Parameters used for evaluating the clones were morphological characters and yield components. The morphological characters included plant height, stem diameter number of branches, number of leaves per branch and size of leaves, while the yield component included weight of whole plant, distilled herbs (fresh and dry herbs) and oil content. Based on die morphological characteristics and yield components, 4 clones showed their superioity. The four clones were lb, 2b, and 75 (raised from tissue culture) with a herb yield of 0.222; 0.222 and 0216 kg/plant and an oil content of 4.28, 4.00 and 4.84% respectively, and Ct ( from convetional clone) with a herb yield of 0.469 kg/plant and an oil content of 4.84%.Key words : Pogostemon cablin, nilam, clones, tissue culture
IDENTIFIKASI MOLEKULER CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS (CMV) ASAL TANAMAN NILAM (Pogostemon cablin) / Molecular Identification of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infecting Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) Miftakhurohmah Miftakhurohmah; I Dewa Nyoman Nyana; Tri Asmira Damayanti; Rita Noveriza
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 23, No 1 (2017): Juni, 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v23n1.2017.11-17

Abstract

Mosaic disease on Indonesian patchouli associated with infection of TeMV, BBWV2, CymMV and CMV. TeMV, BBWV2 and CymMV has been identified molecularly, while CMV just was detected serologically. The objective of this study was to identify CMV from patchouli by molecular approach based on CP gene nucleotide sequence Leaf samples were collected from three mosaic symptomatic patchouli plants in greenhouse of Balittro. Leaf samples were extracted for the total nucleic acids (RNA + DNA). Nucleic acids were amplified using specific primer for CP gene of CMV by one step RT-PCR technique. The DNA of PCR product with the size of ~ 650 bp was directly sequenced and analyzed for its homology with sequences of CMV isolates extracted from Gene Bank. CMV CP gene from patchouli showed the highest of nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarities, 97,1 and 97,7% respectively, with um Japanese isolates. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that CMV from patchouli was closely related with um-Japanese isolate with 100% bootstrap value, and clustered with another CMV isolates in subgroup IB. Since the CMV subgroup I was more virulent than subgroup, it is necessary to increase the awareness of the CMV occurrence in another plant.Key words : homology analysis, phylogeny tree, nucleotides, amino acid AbstrakPenyakit mosaik pada tanaman nilam di Indonesia berasosiasi dengan infeksi Telosma mosaic virus (TeMV), Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) dan Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). TeMV, BBWV2 dan CymMV sudah diidentifikasi secara molekuler, sedangkan CMV baru terdeteksi secara serologi. Karakte risasi molekuler setiap virus diperlukan sebagai salah satu dasar pengambilan tindakan pengendalian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi CMV asal tanaman nilam secara molekuler berdasarkan sekuen nukleotida gen CP. Tiga sampel daun nilam bergejala terinfeksi virus diambil dari koleksi tanaman nilam di rumah kaca Balittro. Sampel daun diekstraksi asam nukleat totalnya  (RNA+DNA). Asam nukleat total diamplifikasi dengan teknik one step reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-CR) menggunakan primer spesifik gen coat protein (CP) CMV. Produk PCR berukuran 650 pb (pasang basa) dirunut sekuen nukleotidanya serta dianalisis homologi dan hubungan filogenetikanya dengan sekuen isolat-isolat CMV yang ada di GenBank. Sekuen nukleotida dan asam amino gen CP CMV asal nilam menunjukkan persentase kemiripan terbesar (97,1 dan 97,7%) dengan isolat um -Jepang. Analisis filogeni menunjukkan bahwa CMV asal nilam berkerabat sangat dekat dengan CMV isolat um-Jepang dengan nilai bootstrap 100%, dan berada dalam satu kelompok dengan isolat-isolat CMV subgrup IB. Keberadaan CMV subgrup IB pada tanaman nilam perlu diwaspadai karena subgrup I lebih virulen dibandingkan subgrup II. Penelitian ini merupakan laporan pertama karakterisasi molekuler CMV nilam, baik di Indonesia maupun di luar negeri, yang dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu dasar pengambilan tindakan pengendalian.Kata kunci: analisis homologi, pohon filogeni, nukleotida, asam amino
DAMPAK PERUBAHAN IKLIM TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS PUCUK TEH PADA BERBAGAI KETINGGIAN TEMPAT / Impact of Climate Changes on Leaves Productivity in Various Elevation Levels Salwa L. Dalimoenthe; Restu Wulansari; Erdiansyah Rezamela
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 22, No 3 (2016): September, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v22n3.2016.135-141

Abstract

Rainfall is one of the climate elements influence the growth and leaves productivity of tea plant. During 2005-2014 El-Nino had happened with strong intensity in late 2009 and early 2010. El Nino influence on changes in rainfall patterns and decreasing leaves production. This experiment was conducted to determine the impact of climate change on leaves productivity at each elevation level of tea plantation. The experiments conducted in 9 tea plantation in West Java, grouped in to 3 different elevation levels based on Schoorel 1974, low elevation level plantaion (<800 above MSL), medium elevation level (800-1200 above MSL), high elevation level plantation (>1200 above MSL) and presented in histogram and graphic to descript the annual distribution pattern. The results showed that the decreasing rainfall pattern in high and middle elevation tea plantation in 2010-2014 (after El-Nino) compare to 2005- 2009 (before El-Nino). The productivity of the tea plant at each elevation in 2011-2014 was lower than in 2005-2008. In high elevation tea plantation there is a close relationship between decreased in rainfall patterns followed by a decrease in productivity with linear regression value R2 = 0.85.Keywords: climate change, rainfall, leaves poductivity, tea plantation, altitude level AbstrakSalah satu unsur iklim yang berpengaru h terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas pucuk tanaman teh adalah curah hujan. Selama periode tahun 2005-2014 telah terjadi El-Nino dengan intensitas terkuat pada akhir tahun 2009 dan awal 2010. Peristiwa El-Nino ini berpengaruh terhadap pola curah hujan dan berakibat kepada penurunan produksi tanaman teh. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dampak perubahan iklim terhadap penurunan produktivitas pucuk teh pada berbagai ketinggian tempat. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada 9 perkebunan teh di Jawa Barat yang dikelompokkan menjadi 3 ketinggian tempat berdasarkan Schoorel 1974 yaitu perkebunan teh dataran rendah (<800 m dpl), sedang (800-1200 mdpl) dan tinggi (>1200 m dpl). Pengumpulan dan pengamatan data iklim (curah hujan) dan produksi dilakukan terhadap data 10 tahun terakhir (2005-2014), disajikan dalam bentuk grafik dan histogram untuk melihat pola sebaran tiap tahunnya. Hubungan antara curah hujan dengan produktivitas pucuk dianalisis dengan metode regresi linear. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan intensitas curah hujan di perkebunan teh dataran tinggi dan dataran sedang tahun 2010-2014 (sesudah El-Nino) dibandingkan tahun 2005-2009 (sebelum El-Nino). Produktivitas tanaman teh di tiap ketinggian tempat pada tahun 2011-2014 lebih rendah dibanding tahun 2005-2008. Pada perkebunan teh dataran tinggi, penurunan produktivitas seiring dengan penurunan curah hujan, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan hubungan linear yang erat dengan nilai R2 = 0,85.Kata kunci: perubahan iklim, curah hujan, produktivitas pucuk teh, perkebunan teh, ketinggian tempat
PERANAN SEMUT (Oecophylla smaragdina dan Dolichoderus sp.) DALAM PENGENDALIAN Helopeltis spp., dan Sanurus indecora PADA JAMBU METE ELNA KARMAWATI; E. A. WIKARDI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 1 (2004): Maret 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n1.2004.1-7

Abstract

Serangga berperan penting pada petumbuhan dan perkembangan serta produktivitas tanaman jambu mete. Di daerah Lombok, Nusa Tcnggara Barat telah diidcntiikasi lebih dari 90 jenis serangga yang meliputi serangga hama, musuh alami, penyerbuk dan serangga lainnya. Helopeltis spp. dan S. indecora merupakan serangga hama yang menonjol di wilayah tersebut. Beberapa musuh alami juga telah ditemukan, terutama semut yang bcrfungsi sebagai predator bagi Helopeltis spp. Akhir-akhir ini ketiga jenis serangga tersebut sering bcrada bersamaan dalam satu tanaman. Oleh sebab itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pcranan semut dan intcraksinya dengan Helopeltis spp. dan S. indecora. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Dusun Sambik Rindang dan Sambik Jengkel, Lombok Barat dai bulan Mei sampai dengan Nopember 2003 Penelitian tcrdiri atas 3 kegiatan yang satu sama lain saling menunjang, yaitu (a) penelitian lapang, (b) penelitian semi lapang, dan (c) penelitian rumah kaca/pot. Pada penelitian lapang keadaan lingkungan tidak dikendalikan. pengamatan dilakukan dengan penarikan contoh. Penelitian lapang ditunjang oleh penelitian semi lapang, yaitu hanya salah satu faktor lingkungan yang dikendalikan (faktor populasi semut : 0, 5, dan 10 koloni per 5 tanaman). Penelitian semi lapang kemudian ditunjang oleh penelitian rumah kaca/pot. Pada penelitian ini tiga faktor dikendalikan/diperlakukan yaitu populasi semut, populasi Helopeltis dan populasi Sanurus indecora. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa hama utama yang dominan di Dusun Sambik Jengkel berbeda dengan hama utama yang dominan di Dusun Sambik Rindang. Di Sambik Jengkel, Helopeltis lebih dominan dibandingkan dengan i'. indecora, walaupun S. indecora ditemukan tapi tidak sebanyak serangan Helopeltis. Di Sambik Rindang terjadi sebaliknya, 5. indecora lebih dominan bila dibandingkan dengan Helopeltis. Semut cukup berperan dalam mengendalikan populasi Helopeltis. Dai data yang diperoleh sampai bulan Oktober 2003 diketahui bahwa persentase pucuk yang terserang Helopeltis lebih kecil pada kelompok-kelompok tanaman yang dibei perlakuan semut, begitu pula populasi nimfa dan imagonya. Tidak demikian yang terjadi dengan ,S'. Indecora, populasi nimfa dan imagonya tidak dipengaruhi oleh kehadiran semut. Pada kelompok tanaman yang dibei perlakuan semut, populasi S. indecora justru lebih banyak. Namun demikian, jumlah bunga yang diserang S. indecora lebih banyak pada pucuk yang tidak ada semutnya. Oleh sebab itu, khusus pada bunga, 5. indecora tidak akan datang kalau pada bunga tersebut ada semutnya. Pada pucuk yang telah diserang 5. indecora, semut tidak mengganggu kecuali kalau Helopeltis tidak ada, semut akan memangsa nimfa-nimfa S. indecora.Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale, jambu mete, Helopeltis spp., nektar, Sanurus indecora, semutABSTRACTRole of ants (Oecophylla smaragdina and Dolichoderus sp.) in controlling Helopeltis spp. and Sanurus indecora on cashew plantInsects have important roles in cashew growth and productivity. In Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, more than 90 kinds of insects have been identiied including pest, natural enemies and pollinators. Helopeltis spp. and S. indecora are the main pests in this area. Ants were found to be the predator of Helopeltis spp. Nowadays the three kinds of insects sometime exist in one plant, therefore the objective of this research was to ind out the interaction among Helopeltis spp., S. indecora and ants. The research was caried out in Sambik Rindang and Sambik Jengkel, West Lombok from May to November 2003. There were 3 activities of research (a) ield trial, (b) semi-ield tial, and (c) glass house trial. In the ield trial, the environment conditions were not treated as ixed variables, the observations were done by sampling This ield trial was supported by semi ield trial, only one factor was used as a treatment (ants population) that had 3 levels : 0, 5, and 10 colonies per 5 plants. The semi ield trial was also supported by glass house trial. In this trial 3 factors were used as treatments ants population, Helopeltis spp. and Sanurus indecora population. The result showed that the main pest found in Sambik Jengkel was different from the main pest found in Sambik Rindang. In Sambik Jengkel, Helopeltis spp. was dominant, while in Sambik Rindang £ indecora. Ants had an impotant role in controlling Helopeltis population. The data obtained up to October 2003 revealed that the percentage of damaged shoots was less in the ants-invested plant than that without ants Meanwhile, the population of 5. indecora was not affected by ants incidence, however the number of flowers atacked by £ indecora were more in the shoots without ants. If shoots were previously attacked by S. indecora, the ants would not bother the insects, but when there was no Helopeltis spp. in the plant, the ants would atack the nymphs of S. indecora.Key words : Anacardium occidentale, cashew plant, ants, Helopeltis spp., nectarc, Sanurus indecora
PRODUKSI ENSIM KARBOKSI METIL SELULASE DAN EKSO-POLIGALAKTURONASE SERTA PERANANNYA DALAM MENENTUKAN TINGKAT PATOGENSITAS MULYA, KARDEN; HENI, HENI; SUPRIADI, SUPRIADI; ADHI, ESTHER M.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 7, No 2 (2001): Juni,2001
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v7n2.2001.49-53

Abstract

Carboxy methyl selulase and exo-polygalacturonase enzymes production and their role in determining the pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum isolated from gingerBacterial wilt disease on ginger (Zingiber oicinale Roscoe) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is the most destructive disease Infected tissues show macerated symptom on infected hosts indicating that the pathogen produces plant digestive enzymes. This research was aimed at analizing carboxymethylccllulasc (CMC-ase) and exopolygalacturonase (cxo-PG) enzymes production by the pathogen. In vitro production of CMC-ase of both virulent and avirulcnt isolates of R solanacearum was measured from diameter of clearing zone around bacterial colony on CMC medium whereas exo-PG was measured by the reduction of Na- polygalacturonatc by filtrate of the pathogen culture. Virulence of the pathogen was tested on tomato cultivar Gondol Hijau by pouring 50 ml of pathogen suspension (I07 cfu/ml) around roots of the plant and it was also tested on ginger cultivar Jahe Putih Besar by pricking suspension of pathogen into rhizome and basal pscudostcm of the plant. The results showed that CMC-ase and and PG-asc were produced by virulent isolates of R. solanacearum al 2.23 cm clear zone and 0.662 mg eq. glucose/ml/hour/ODiti, respectively. The avirulent isolates, however. correlated with disease intensity of the isolates. Disease intensity of the virulent isolates was 0.6 and 0.96 on tomato and on ginger plants respectively, whereas the avirulent isolates was 0.04 and 0.00 respectively. Therefore, CMC-ase and exo-PG are important in determining pathogenicity level of/?, solanacearum.
PENGEMBANGAN USAHATANI TUMPANGSARI WIJEN DAN PALAWIJA PADA KAWASAN HUTAN . NURHERU; HADI SUDARMO; . YASIN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 4 (2004): Desember, 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n4.2004.131-134

Abstract

Penelitian pengembangan usahatani tumpangsari wijen dan palawija pada kawasan hutan dilaksanakan di KPH Saradan, Madiun mulai bulan Maret sampai Desember 2001. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kasus, betujuan untuk memperbaiki dan mengembangkan sistem usahatani tumpangsari wijen dan palawija di kawasan hutan jati seta meningkatkan pendapatan petani penggarap di lahan Perhutani. Penelitian menggunakan areal hutan jati muda yang baru berumur 3 tahun seluas 10 ha milik Perum Perhutani kcrjasama dengan petani penggarap. Jumlah petani binaan (kooperator) sebanyak 36 orang masing-masing memiliki luas garapan 0.25 - 0.5 ha. Lahan garapan petani dibagi menjadi 2 bagian, satu bagian ditanami wijen + ubi kayu, sedangkan sisanya ditanami ubi kayu t jagung. Paket tcknologi yang ditawarkan pada petani terdiri atas penggunaan varietas unggul wijen, benih bcrmutu, tanam tepat waktu, penjarangan disisakan 2 tanaman/lubang, pemberian pupuk tepat jenis, dosis dan saat pemberiannya, serta penyiangan dilakukan sesuai keadaan gulma. Parameter yang diamati meliputi jumlah penggunaan sarana produksi (benih, pupuk dan pestisida) beseta harganya, penggunaan (cnaga kerja keluarga dan luar keluarga beserta tingkat upah, produksi wijen dan palawija beserta harga jualnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : komponen tcknologi yang diterima dan dilaksanakan oleh petani adalah varietas unggul wijen Sumberrejo-1, benih wijen bcrmutu, waktu tanam wijen, dosis dan cara pemupukan serta penyiangan gulma. Teknologi anjuran yang belum diterima petani adalah pemupukan petama bersamaan tanam dan penjarangan tanaman wijen. Pada tumpangsari wijen + ubi kayu diperoleh rata-rata produksi wijen 657 kg dan ubi kayu basah 3 210 kg per ha. Pada tumpangsari jagung + ubi kayu diperoleh produksi jagung I 220 kg pipilan kering dan ubikayu basah 3 350 kg per ha. Pendapatan usahatani wijen + ubi kayu sebesar Rp 1 124 000 per ha dengan B/C ratio 1.40, sedangkan usahatani ubi kayu + jagung mengalami kerugian Rp 424 000 per ha dengan B/C ratio 0.88.Kata kunci: Wijen, Sesamum indicum L., pendapatan petani, usahatani ABSTRACT Development of intercropping sesame and palawija in forest areaDevelopment research of sesame intercropping was conducted in KPH Saradan forest area, Madiun from March to December 2001. The research used 10 ha of 3 years old hardwood tree forest area. There were 36 farmers involved, each of them had 0.25 - 0.5 ha (o work on. The land was divided in(o 2 pats, one pat was planted with sesame and cassava, while the other pat was planted with cassava and com. The technology offered to the farmer consisted of: the use of superior variety, good seed, on schedule plantation, thinning up to 2 plants/hole, proper fetilizer, proper dose and application, and weeding. Parameters observed consisted of production input (i.e. seeds, fetilizer and pesticide) with the price, use of family worker and outside family worker with the salary rate, sesame and palawija production with their selling prices. The result showed that the technology accepted by the farmer was Sumberrejo 1 superior sesame variety, superior sesame seed, schedule of seed planting, fetilizer dossage and application, and weeding. The recommended technology that was not accepted yet by (he farmers was first fertilizer application at planting time and thinning of sesame. Area of sesame intercropped with cassava produced 657 kg of sesame and 3 210 kg of cassava per ha. Area of cassava intercropped with com produced 3 350 kg of cassava and 1 220 kg of com per ha. There was a profit of Rp 1 124 000 per ha in sesame + cassava intercropping with B/C ratio 1.40, while there was a financial lost of Rp 424 000 every ha in cassava + com intercropping with B/C ratio 0.88.Key words : Sesame, Sesamum indicum L„ farmer's income, intercropping

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