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INDONESIA
Buletin Iptek Tanaman Pangan
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Computer Science & IT
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Articles 189 Documents
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Teknologi untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas dan Keuntungan Usahatani Ubikayu di Lahan Kering Ultisol Budhi S. Radjit; Y. Widodo; N. Saleh; N. Prasetiaswati
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 9, No 1 (2014): Juni 2014
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

As a high producer of carbohydrate crop, cassava is suitable to be used for food, feed, and as raw materials for energy, food and non-food industries. Increasing food demand due to the increase of population, coupled with increasing feed and cassava based industries, have stimulated a sharp increases on the cassava demand, while the cassava production during the last ten years had increased by only 3.6% per year. To meet those demands, increasing cassava production through the expansion of harvested areas and improved productivity are required. Cassava in Indonesia, is mostly planted on Ultisol lands, which are distributed in Kalimantan, Sumatera, Maluku, Papua, and Sulawesi. Research on Ultisol in Natar South Lampung, Sulusuban Central Lampung, Kotabumi North Lampung, and Pekalongan East Lampung had identified cassava improved variety Litbang UK-2, Malang-6, Adira-4 and Kaspro as variety adapted to Ultisol. Production technique consisted of deep land preparation, 100 cm x 80 cm plant spacing, fertilization of kg urea, 200 kg SP36, 200 kg KCl, 500 kg dolomit, and 5 tons of cattle manure/ha, and herbicide weeding was reported to produce up to 60 tons of fresh cassava/ha, and to give profit up to Rp 38,456,000/ha, with the B/C ratio of 1.33 to 3.17. The technique was considered feasible to be developed in wider areas of Ultisols. Cassava production development requires the planting material production scheme, followed by promotion of new improved varieties and production technology. Capital support from the Government loan or fair cooperation with the investor giving gurantee for stable and fair prices is needed.
Keunggulan Penggunaan Fosfat Alam pada Pertanaman Kedelai di Lahan Kering Masam Wijanarko, Andy
Buletin Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 10, No 2 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient required in large quantities by plants after Nitrogen. Rock phosphate is an alternative to improve the P availability in the soil, especially in acid soils. The use of rock phosphate in agriculture, should primarily be initiated by improving its reactivity due to its low reactivity. Characteristics of rock phosphate, chemical and physical properties of soil, and type of crops grown are greatly affecting the direct application rock phosphate in agriculture. The natural phosphate may be improved by the application of organic matter, use of strong acid or sulfur, application of phosphate solvent microorganisms, and increase use of high solubility fertilizer such as SP-36.
Konsumsi dan Strategi Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Beras pada 2015 di Jawa Barat Iskandar Ishaq
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 6, No 2 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Rice is an important food crop in West Java. It provides employment to 2.5 million farm households and another 2.7 million farm laborers. Presently, production of rice is sufficient to feed the population in the province of 42.2 million people and even there is one million ton of rice surplus. In 2015 West Java province will have 40.6 million inhabitants, requiring about 6.8 million ton of rice grain, or equivalent to 10.8 million ton of dry paddy. To meet the demand, it requires 1.93 million ha of rice to be planted annually, which is larger compare with the area of the present farm lands. To overcome this shortage, four strategies are suggested, namely: (1) increases the productivity of wet land and upland rice, (2) increases the planting intensity on irrigated and rainfed farm lands, (3) expanding upland rice cultivation on the newly planted estate crops and forest tree lands, (4) improves post harvest handling to reduce losses. Harmonious coordination among all stake holders in various government levels is required in order to implement such strategy. A good working relation between research institutes and agriculture extension is also needed to promote the adoption of appropriate adaptive technologies.
Teknologi Budi Daya untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Ubikayu dan Keberlanjutan Usahatani Subandi Subandi
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 4, No 2 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Dalam komposisi nilai ekonomi tanaman pangan, ubikayu menduduki urutan ketiga setelah padi dan jagung. Berdasarkan proyeksi kebutuhan, produksi ubikayu yang dewasa ini baru mencapai 20 juta ton, masih kekurangan sekitar 5,3 juta ton untuk kebutuhan dalam negeri tahun 2010. Oleh karena itu, ubikayu perlu memperoleh prioritas dalam pengembangannya, dan diperlukan dukungan teknologi yang produktif dan ramah lingkungan, mengingat komoditas ini banyak dibudidayakan pada lahan marjinal. Penelitian telah menghasilkan komponen teknologi budi daya yang dapat mendukung upaya pengembangan ubikayu dan konservasi lahan untuk keberlanjutan sistem produksi. Teknologi tersebut meliputi (a) varietas unggul, di antaranya UJ-5 dan UJ-3 untuk wilayah bercurah hujan tinggi dan Adira-4, Malang-4, dan Malang-6 untuk wilayah bercurah hujan rendah sampai tinggi; (b) pengaturan populasi tanaman pada jumlah 10.000-12.500 tanaman/ha; (c) penyiapan bibit dari tanaman yang telah berumur 7-12 bulan; (d) stek batang panjang 20-25 cm ditanam secara vertikal dengan kedalaman sekitar 10 cm; (e) lahan diolah sempurna menggunakan bajak ditarik dengan ternak maupun traktor, dan pembuatan guludan; (f) waktu tanam yang tepat agar selama tujuh bulan pertama tanaman memperoleh hujan/air yang cukup; (g) pengendalian gulma, disesuaikan dengan keadaan lapangan; (h) pemupukan 200 kg urea + 100 kg SP36 + 100 kg KCl per ha, atau sesuai dengan tingkat kesuburan tanah, bagi tanah masam perlu dikapur 300 kg/ha dan 3 t/ha pupuk kandang berupa kotoran ayam atau 6 t/ha kotoran sapi. Panen daun dua kali setiap enam bulan, tiga kali setiap empat bulan, atau enam kali setiap dua bulan, dan perempesan daun tua hingga 75% dapat dilakukan. Penanaman pagar hidup dan mengusahakan kacang-kacangan pada areal pertanaman ubikayu, baik secara bergiliran maupun tumpangsari selain dapat mengurangi erosi tanah juga bermanfaat meningkatkan kesuburan tanah.
Peranan Bioteknologi dalam Pengelolaan Penyakit Tungro R. Heru Praptana; M. Yasin
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 3, No 1 (2008): April 2008
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Tungro merupakan salah satu penyakit penting tanaman padi yang menjadi penghambat dalam peningkatan stabilitas produksi padi. Berbagai usaha pengendalian telah dilakukan, di antaranya dengan penerapan teknologi pengendalian penyakit tungro terpadu yang bertujuan untuk mencegah atau menghindarkan pertanaman dari penularan tungro dengan komponen utama waktu tanam tepat, penggunaan varietas tahan, dan pergiliran varietas tahan. Namun demikian, teknologi tersebut kurang sesuai untuk daerah dengan pola tanam tidak serempak, sehingga dikembangkan strategi pengendalian penyakit tungro dengan eliminasi RTSV. Perkembangan bioteknologi berbasis biologi molekuler dapat digunakan untuk membantu dalam pengendalian penyakit tungro melalui pendekatan biologi, ekologi, dan epidemiologi penyakit tungro. Kemajuan di bidang biologi molekuler telah melahirkan berbagai teknik yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pengelolaan penyakit tungro, di antaranya diagnosis penyakit tungro, deteksi dini infeksi virus tungro dan vektor infektif, identifikasi dan karakterisasi strain virus tungro dan biotipe wereng hijau, pemantauan terjadinya resistensi wereng hijau terhadap suatu varietas, munculnya strain virus tungro dan biotipe wereng hijau yang baru, karakterisasi ketahanan varietas terhadap virus tungro dan wereng hijau, perakitan varietas tahan berdasarkan sifat ketahanannya terhadap virus tungro dan wereng hijau serta perakitan varietas transgenik tahan virus tungro. Hal tersebut merupakan tantangan sekaligus peluang bagi para peneliti bioteknologi di Indonesia.
Dinamika Anjuran Dosis Pemupukan N, P, dan K pada Padi Sawah Ali Jamil; Sarlan Abdulrachman; Mahyuddin Syam
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 9, No 2 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Until 1960s, farmers planted rice only once in a year, due to the use of late maturing, 5 to 6 month varieties. Fertilizer recommendation rate to optimize productivity of those varieties was low, 20 to 40 kg N/ha. The Green Revolution technology introduced in the late 1960s which was characterized by the use of high-yielding varieties highly responsive to fertilizer, was then adopted in the BIMAS (Mass Intensification Guidance) Program. The successful program in increasing yield of rice was then followed by INMAS (Mass Intensification), INSUS (Special Intensification), and OPSUS (Special Operations) programs, where the more refined fertilizer recommendation rates had played an important role, which subsequently led Indonesia achieved rice selfsufficiency in 1984. The levelling-off of rice production which occurred in the late 1980s was then addressed by introducing SUPRA INSUS program, containing 10- technology components of D-package. The very high rate of fertilizer recommendation on the D-package had worried many parties for its inefficiency and negative effect on the environment. Research was then intensified on the fertilizer use efficiency, especially N fertilizer, including the application of urea super granules (USG), and sulfur coated urea (SCU). Green manures such as Azolla sp and Sesbania rostrata were also being studied as alternative for sources of N nutrient. The P and K nutrient status in the soil was mapped which was used as reference for the fertilizer allocation in each province, based on the map scale of 1: 250,000. The recommendation rate of fertilizer for the sub-district level, was developed based on the map scale of 1: 50,000. To optimize the use of fertilizers, soil test kit and leaf color chart (LCC) were recommended to be used by the extension agents, so that farmers could benefit from the more efficient use of N, P, and K fertilizers. Long-term fertilizer field trials had been conducted since 1970s, where the result had shown that in intensive paddy fields, P and K fertilizers did not need to be applied every season. With the current rapid advanced in technology information, farmers have an access for the recommendation rate of fertilizer for specific location via internet, smart phones, or conventional hand phone. The validation of the fertilizer recommendation, known as site specific nutrient management (SSNM), had been carried out in major rice producing provinces, which proved to give some benefits to farmers, through the use of lower rates of fertilizers but higher yields. SSNM had played an important role in the formulation of integrated crop management (ICM) approach, implemented in the national rice production program. The Expert System of Rice Cultivation (SIPADI) operated by using computer, could be used as a tool in providing recommendation for specific location rice technology package. Adoption of SSNM faces several challenges such as small land holding, of which farmers tend to buy “small quantity” of fertilizer but actually too much for his land. The subsidized fertilizer prices had also discouraged farmers from following the SSNM.
Fungsi Kelembagaan dalam Penerapan Teknologi Perbenihan Jagung Berbasis Komunitas Petani Margaretha SL; Sudjak S.; Sania Saenong
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 1, No 2 (2006): November 2006
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Sistem pendistribusian benih melalui jalur formal yang terlalu panjang berdampak pada lambannya adopsi varietas unggul baru. Apabila benih tidak dapat/sulit diperoleh pada waktu tanam tiba, sebagian besar petani menanam benih jagung asalan, atau hibrida turunan. Keberadaan penangkar benih sebagai kelembagaan penyedia benih komunitas pada kawasan tertentu diperlukan agar dapat menyediakan benih secara tepat waktu, jumlah dan kualitas, dan harga benih yang lebih murah. Untuk mengetahui kemampuan kelembagaan perbenihan dalam penerapan teknologi benih jagung berbasis komunitas petani telah dilakukan penelitian di Desa Kurbian, Sambelia, Lombok Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat, pada bulan April 2006. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program jaringan kerja antara Balitsereal-BPSB-BBI/BBU, dapat mempercepat penyebaran benih varietas unggul baru sampai ke pengguna, tidak saja di Kabupaten Lombok Timur, tetapi juga menyebar ke Kabupaten Lombok Tengah, Lombok Barat, Pulau Lombok dan Pulau Sumbawa dalam kurun waktu hanya 1 tahun. Usahatani penangkaran jagung varietas Lamuru dinilai layak dengan B/C ratio 4,0 dan keuntungan mencapai Rp 12.648.550/ha.
Optimasi Pemupukan NPK pada Kedelai untuk Mempertahankan Kesuburan Tanah dan Hasil Tinggi di Lahan Sawah Achmad Ghozi Manshuri
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 7, No 1 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Factors causing a low soybean productivity in Indonesia among the others is the inoptimum availability of nutrients. Report had indicated that the N, P, and K nutrients balance in soybean production centers of lowlands tend to be negative, caused by inbalance fertilization practices and habit of the farmers to take the entire crop harvest off the land. It was estimated that deficit at 45 to 50 kg N, 0 to 4 kg of P, and 0 to 30 kg K/ha happened when rice was harvested, crop yielded 6 t/ha in low land. From an average soybean yields of 1 t/ha, it took nutrient off the land of about 70 kg N, 7 kg P, and 43 kg K/ha. There is an indication the occurance of the hidden hunger symptoms of N and P in some farmers’ lands. Fertilization of N and P had increased grain yield, but the increase was not high enough to convince farmers. For that reason, usually N and P fertilization was not applied. Farmers also choose not to fertilize the soybean crop, because it is not profitable. The policy of not recommending fertilization on to the hidden hunger lands needs to be revised, because in the long run it will not beneficial for the sustainability of the soil fertility and productive farming. The principle of optimization of N, P, and K fertilization is to apply fertilizers as much as plants’ need to reach the targeted yield and to conserve the nutrient status in the soil. Thus, it could result in soybean yield increases and maintains soil fertility. The recommendation of N, P, and K optimization on soybean plants can be performed: 1) based on the analysis of the status of N, P, and K soil, 2) optimization of fertilization of N, P, and K based on the agronomic efficiency of N, P, and K.
Prospek Sesbania rostrata sebagai Pupuk Hijau pada Padi Sawah Endang Suhartatik
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 5, No 1 (2010): Juli 2010
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Pupuk hijau merupakan pupuk organik yang berasal dari tanaman, dibenamkan ke tanah sewaktu masih hijau atau setelah dikomposkan, diutamakan dari jenis legum karena mengandung N relatif tinggi. Sesbania mempunyai kemampuan untuk tumbuh di lahan masam, lahan salin, dan dalam kondisi tergenang maupun kering. Sesbania rostrata termasuk tanaman kacang-kacangan yang mampu membentuk bintil akar dan bintil pada batang, bersimbiosis dengan Azorhizobium caulinodans yang dapat menambat N dari udara, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk hijau. Kontribusi N asal bintil batang dari tanaman berumur 8 minggu adalah sekitar 23% dari total fiksasi N tanaman. Biomas yang dihasilkan cukup tinggi, ditentukan oleh populasi tanaman, umur tanaman saat panen, dan jenis tanah. Jumlah N yang diikat oleh S. rostrata pada populasi 500.000 tanaman/ha, pada umur 55 hari adalah 240 kg N/ha pada musim kemarau dan 286 kg N/ha pada musim hujan. Pada umur 13 minggu, biomas kering yang dihasilkan 17 t/ha yang mengandung 426 kg N/ha. Kulit biji S. rostrata tebal dan keras sehingga sukar berkecambah. Perendaman dengan asam sulfat pekat (96%), air mendidih atau penggosokan biji dengan ampelas efektif memecahkan dormansi biji S. rostrata. Tanaman S. rostrata agak toleran terhadap pH rendah, Al tinggi, kekeringan, kadar garam tinggi, dan genangan. Pada daerah dengan pola tanam yang intensif, S. rostrata dapat ditumpangsarikan dengan padi sawah sampai umur 35-45 hari, dan meningkatkan hasil gabah 8-23% di tanah Hidromorf Kelabu. Serapan N berasal dari pupuk oleh S. rostrata (umur 56 hari) yang ditanam secara tumpangsari adalah 25% pada pemberian 60 kg N/ha dan 32% pada pemberian 120 kg N/ha. Penyisipan S. rostrata pada tanaman padi dapat mengurangi kehilangan N dengan cara mengefisienkan penggunaan pupuk N dan menjadi sumber hara N yang bersifat komplementer terhadap pupuk N organik.
Penggunaan Benih Sehat sebagai Sarana Utama Optimasi Pencapaian Produktivitas Kedelai Nasir Saleh
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 3, No 2 (2008): Oktober 2008
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Produktivitas kedelai di Indonesia baru mencapai 1,3 t/ha, lebih rendah dibanding potensi hasil beberapa varietas unggul yang dapat mencapai 2-2,5 t/ha. Salah satu sebab rendahnya produktivitas kedelai nasional adalah rendahnya mutu benih, termasuk patogen tular benih seperti jamur, bakteri, dan virus. Hingga saat ini uji kesehatan benih belum merupakan bagian integral dari proses sertifikasi benih kedelai. Mengingat patogen tular benih berperan penting dalam penyebaran dan perkembangan epidemi penyakit kedelai, secara bertahap uji kesehatan benih perlu dimasukkan ke dalam proses sertifikasi benih. Dalam pengujian kesehatan benih, institusi pelaksana perlu mengacu pada standar prosedur ISTA agar benih asal Indonesia dapat bersaing di pasar internasional. Benih kedelai yang sehat dapat diproduksi melalui pemilihan lokasi dan musim tanam, menggunakan benih sehat, melakukan pengelolaan tanaman dan hama penyakit, melaksanakan panen dan pascapanen yang baik serta menerapkan Sistem Manajemen Mutu (SMM) berbasis IS0 9001:2000 atau SNI19-9001-2001.

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