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Buletin Plasma Nutfah
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 14104377     EISSN : 25491393     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Buletin Plasma Nutfah (BPN) is an open access scientific journal published by The Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD), The Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD), Ministry of Agriculture. This peer-refereed journal covering the area of genetic resources including exploration, characterization, evaluation, conservation, diversity, traditional knowledge, management and policy / regulation, of all kinds of genetic resources: plants, animals, fishes, insects and microbes. Manuscripts submitted to this journal are those that have never been published in other journals. This journal is published in one volume of two issues per year (June and December). We invite authors to submit the manuscripts to this journal in English or Indonesian. Detail information about the journal, including author guidelines and manuscript template, is available on the website (http://ejurnal.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php/bpn). The manuscript should be submitted electronically through our submission system. Buletin Plasma Nutfah (BPN) is an open access scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD), Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD), Ministry of Agriculture. BPN Accredited by Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia (No. 21/E/KPTP/2018) for period of 2016-2020. This peer-refereed journal covers the area of genetic resources including exploration, characterization, evaluation, conservation, diversity, traditional knowledge, management and policy / regulation related to genetic resources: plants, animals, fishes, insects and microbes which has never been published in other Journal
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Search results for , issue "Vol 16, No 2 (2010): December" : 12 Documents clear
Rantai Pasokan Produk Tumbuhan Gaharu (Aquilaria spp.) asal Merauke, Papua Gono Semiadi; Harry Wiriadinata; Eko B. Waluyo; Dedy Darnaedi
Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol 16, No 2 (2010): December
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/blpn.v16n2.2010.p150-159

Abstract

Papua is Claimed to Have High Production of Gaharu (Aquilaria spp.) that is Mainly Extracted from Swamp Areas. However, it is still a polemic whether this claim is true and what is the real production level. Therefore, a field survey was conducted in Jayapura and Merauke (Papua) and Probolinggo (East Java) to unveil the actual condition of the gaharu production and its condition. Interviews were made with local forestry officers (BBKSDA) and local traders in Jayapura and Merauke, shipping companies, warehouse administrators and port administrators in Probolinggo, East Java as the final destination sea port. The results showed that the gaharu taken from swamp areas in the region of Merauke was proven by BBKSDA officials. In one year, the legal production of gaharu in the form of kamedangan reached 100 tons, while similar amount was thought to be slipped away in the illegal trades. Field survey in 2007 conducted by local BBKSDA officers in Asmat and Mappi districts showed a high production of gaharu in the form of wet kamedangan. Gaharu sea freighters at least carried 175 sacks/trip, with special freighters could carry up to 2.100 sacks/trip. The mean weight of each sack was between 58-90 kg with the mean water content ranged from 54-87.39%. Special quota criteria is required to be established on the basis of its quality for Merauke region to avoid problems on undervalue or misconception of the products and production level. Verification on the gaharu tree species originated from Papua region is also still needed. AbstrakPapua merupakan salah satu wilayah yang memiliki area produksi gaharu (Aquilaria spp.) yang sangat luas. Disinyalir produksi utama panenan gaharu dalam bentuk kamedangan di Merauke berasal dari daerah rawa. Namun informasi tersebut masih diragukan. Untuk itu dilakukan survei lapang ke Jayapura dan Merauke (Papua) dan Probolinggo (Jawa Timur) guna memahami kondisi sebenarnya tentang potensi gaharu. Responden yang diwawancari mencakup petugas BBKSDA dan pengumpul besar di Jayapura dan Merauke, perusahaan ekspedisi, petugas gudang pengumpulan dan administrator pelabuhan di Probolinggo. Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa produksi utama panenan gaharu di Merauke yang berasal dari dalam rawa merupakan sisa produk tebangan masa lampau. Dalam satu tahun pengeluaran resmi gaharu dari wilayah BBKSDA Papua mencapai 100 ton. Sedangkan jumlah pengeluaran secara ilegal diperkirakan mencapai angka yang hampir sama. Hasil survei lapang ke Kabupaten Asmat dan Mappi yang dilakukan BKSDA seksi wilayah I Merauke pada tahun 2007 menunjukkan produksi kamedangan di kedua wilayah tersebut cukup tinggi. Satu kapal barang sedikitnya membawa 175 karung gaharu, sedangkan pada kapal khusus pengangkut gaharu dapat mencapai 2.100 karung. Produksi gaharu dari dua kabupaten tersebut seluruhnya diangkut lewat laut ke Probolinggo. Bobot per karung kamedangan maupun abuk gaharu mencapai 58-90 kg, dengan kandungan air 54-87,4%. Kriteria penetapan kuota asal Merauke perlu diperhatikan agar terhindar dari masalah terlalu rendahnya perkiraan produksi atau salah pengertian mengenai produk dan potensi produksi yang ada. Selain itu verifikasi jenis tanaman gaharu asal Papua masih diperlukan.
Keragaan Sifat Tahan Penyakit Blas dan Agronomi Populasi Silang Balik dan Haploid Ganda Turunan IR64 dan Oryza rufipogon Dwinita W. Utami; A. Dinar Ambarwati; Aniversari Apriana; Atmitri Sisharmini; Ida Hanarida; Sugiono Moeljopawiro
Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol 16, No 2 (2010): December
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/blpn.v16n2.2010.p90-95

Abstract

Blast Resistance Performance of Promising Lines Derived from Backcross and Double Haploid Population Between IR64 and Oryza rufipogon. Developing blast resistance varieties with superior agronomical performance has been the one of the important priorities in rice breeding program. Based on the purpose of this study the double haploid and backcross populations were developed using the most popular cultivar IR64 as recurrent parent and wild rice species Oryza rufipogon (Acc. IRGC 105491) as blast resistance donor parent. This study was initiated to analyze the blast resistance and agronomical performance of double haploid populations (DH_I, DH_II and DH_III) and backcross populations (BC2, BC3, and BC5), based on the green house and field screening tests. The results of statistical analysis showed that the blast resistance performance of DH population were diverse among DH_I, DH_II and DH_III. The smallest diversity was on the DH_III population. The same results were also detected on BC populations. The smallest diversity was on BC5 population. The diversity comparison between DH and BC population showed that DH_III population had smaller variation than BC5. Indicated that DH_III population has the most fixed population. The agronomic performance evaluation of DH_III population selected lines showed that Bio1, Bio2, and Bio8 qualitified as the candidate of promising lines. AbstrakPerakitan varietas tahan blas sebagai galur harapan, merupakan salah satu prioritas dalam program pemuliaan padi. Dalam rangka mendukung program tersebut, telah dilakukan pembentukan populasi haploid ganda (HG) dan silang balik (BC) dengan IR64 sebagai tetua berulang dan Oryza rufipogon (No. aksesi IRGC 105491) sebagai tetua donor gen tahan penyakit blas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keragaan tingkat ketahanan galur-galur haploid ganda (HG_I, HG_II, dan HG_III) dan galur-galur silang balik (BC2, BC3, dan BC5) terhadap penyakit blas di rumah kaca dan lapang, sehingga diperoleh kandidat galur harapan. Hasil pengujian beberapa populasi HG dan BC menunjukan bahwa terdapat variasi keragaan yang berbeda-beda. Variasi paling kecil terdapat pada populasi HG_III. Hasil yang sama juga diperoleh pada populasi silang balik (BC2-BC5). Variasi paling kecil terdapat pada populasi BC5. Bila dibandingkan antar populasi HG dan BC, tingkat variasi pada populasi HG_III lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan tingkat variasi pada populasi BC5. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat homosigositas paling tinggi terdapat pada populasi HG_III. Berdasarkan evaluasi penampilan agronomis beberapa galur HG_III terpilih, diperoleh tiga galur kandidat galur harapan Bio1, Bio2, dan Bio8.
Keragaman Karakter Morfologi Tanaman Ganyong Tintin Suhartini; nFN Hadiatmi
Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol 16, No 2 (2010): December
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/blpn.v16n2.2010.p118-125

Abstract

Morphological Characteristics Variability of Canna (Canna edulis Ker.). Edible canna (Canna edulis) is the potential source of foodstuf. Edible canna have high carbohydrate and nutritions. The starch of edible canna can be exploited as a food materials and for industry. Evaluation and characterization were needed to get informations on characters of edible canna for genetic variability to improve edible canna varieties. Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology Research and Development has two groups edible canna collection, they are red edible canna and the white one. The result showed that morphological characters of 27 edible canna accessions were not different in their qualitative characteristics. Similarly in their 23 white edible canna have no difference qualitative characters. The red edible canna having red color on part of shoot, while in white edible canna having green color. The tuber of red edible canna having pink color and white color for white edible canna. The different were in the flower of white edible canna, there were 17 accessions having yellow color and 6 accessions having orange color. The quantitative characters of flowering, leaf length, leaf width, total leaf and leaf stalk length have low variability (<10%). The characters of number of tiller per hill, tuber weight per hill and plant hight have high coeficient variability with the range of 14-21%. The tuber weight per hill had negative correlation with stalk length leaf and number of tiller/hill. AbstrakGanyong (Canna edulis) merupakan sumber pangan potensial dengan kandungan karbohidrat dan gizi tinggi. Tepung ganyong bermutu tinggi dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan makanan dan industri. Evaluasi dan karakterisasi ganyong perlu dilakukan untuk memperoleh informasi sifat-sifat unggul ganyong dengan tujuan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik varietas ganyong. Plasma nutfah ganyong yang dikoleksi Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian ada dua kelompok, yaitu ganyong merah dan ganyong putih. Hasil evaluasi dan karakterisasi terhadap 27 aksesi ganyong merah tidak terdapat perbedaan morfologis sifat kualitatif antar aksesi. Demikian juga pada 23 aksesi ganyong putih. Pada ganyong merah, bagian tajuk didominasi oleh warna merah, sedangkan ganyong putih didominasi warna hijau. Umbi ganyong merah berwarna merah muda dan ganyong putih berwarna putih. Perbedaan terdapat pada warna bunga, 17 aksesi ganyong putih berwarna kuning dan enam aksesi warna orange. Keragaman karakter morfologis sifat kuantitatif ganyong merah dan ganyong putih rendah (<10%), yaitu pada umur berbunga, panjang daun, lebar daun, panjang tangkai daun, dan jumlah daun. Nilai koefisien keragaman yang tinggi terdapat pada karakter jumlah anakan, bobot umbi, dan tinggi tanaman dengan kisaran 14-21%. Bobot umbi per rumpun berkorelasi negatif dengan panjang tangkai daun dan jumlah anakan per rumpun.
Karakterisasi dan Seleksi Beberapa Isolat Azotobacter sp. untuk Meningkatkan Perkecambahan Benih dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman H Widiastuti; nFN Siswanto; nFN Suharyanto
Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol 16, No 2 (2010): December
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/blpn.v16n2.2010.p160-167

Abstract

Characterization and Selection of Azotobacter sp. in Enhancing Seed Germination and Growth of Plant. Nitrogen (N) is a macro nutrient needed by the plant. Chemical synthesis of N fertilizer need high energy input. On the other hand, Azotobacter sp. has been known as a free living nitrogen fixing bacteria. This bacteria is also known as growth factor producing bacteria such as indole acetic acid (IAA) and extracellular polysaccharide. The ability of Azotobacter sp. in fixing N and producing IAA was affected by strain type of the bacteria as well as the origin of the isolate. It had been characterized 44 isolates of Azotobacter sp. isolated from selected dry habitat such as oil palm in Sekayu (South Sumatera), coffee and cashew nut tree in NTT, corn crops in Banjar (South of Kalimantan), and rubber tree in Bogor (West Java). Isolation was conducted using Ashby media. Based on their ability in producing IAA, promoting germination of the seed and growth of leguminous cover crops Pueraria phaseoloides. The result showed that isolate of 116(2), from Sikka, Flores, (NTT), produced highest IAA i.e 2.815 &#956;M within the third day and 4.02 uM in the sixth day incubation time. Strain D1/8B (isolated from oil palm plantation in South Sumatera) and S5 (isolated from corn in South Kalimantan) could increase 2-3 times number of germinating seed of P. phaseoloides for the third days. Azotobacter sp. isolate of D1/2, 107, and 113 in combination with 50% recomended doses of chemical fertilizer could enhance the growth of plant (fresh and dry biomassa total) of sorghum higher compared to 100% chemical fertilizer doses (control). Isolate of D1/2 originated from South of Sumatera improved germination of seed, and enhanced the growth of sorghum, while isolate of 113 from Sikka, Flores, NTT had the ability to increase the growth of sorghum during one month in glass house experiment. AbstrakNitrogen (N) merupakan unsur makro yang diperlukan oleh tanaman. Bakteri Azotobacter sp. diketahui dapat memfiksasi N secara nonsimbiotik dan menghasilkan hormon tumbuh seperti IAA dan polisakarida ekstraseluler. Kemampuan penambatan N dan produksi IAA dipengaruhi oleh galur bakteri dan asal isolat. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengkarakterisasi 44 isolat Azotobacter sp. yang diisolasi dari beberapa habitat lahan kering, yaitu perkebunan kelapa sawit di Sekayu (Sumsel), perkebunan kopi dan jambu mete di Nusa Tenggara Timur, areal tanaman jagung di Banjar (Kalsel), dan kebun karet di Bogor (Jabar). Isolasi bakteri Azotobacter sp. dilakukan menggunakan medium Ashby. Isolat yang diperoleh diuji kemampuannya menghasilkan IAA dan pengaruhnya terhadap perkecambahan benih serta pertumbuhan kacang penutup tanah (Pueraria phaseoloides). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa isolat 116 (2) menghasilkan IAA tertinggi, yaitu 2,815 &#956;M pada hari ke-3 dan 4,02 &#956;M pada hari ke-6. Isolat tersebut berasal dari Sikka, Flores, NTT. Isolat D1/8B (asal perkebunan kelapa sawit di Sumsel) dan S5 (asal areal tanaman jagung di Kalimantan) dapat meningkatkan 2-3 kali jumlah benih P. phaseoloides yang berkecambah pada hari ke-3. Isolat D1/2, 107, dan 113 dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman sorgum (total biomasa basah dan kering) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pupuk NPK 100%. Isolat D1/2 asal Sumsel meningkatkan perkecambahan benih dan pertumbuhan sorgum relatif tinggi, sedang isolat 113 asal Sikka, Flores, NTT, mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman sorgum. 
Induksi Mutasi dan Keragaman Somaklonal untuk Meningkatkan Ketahanan Penyakit Blas Daun pada Padi Fatmawati Endang G. Lestari; Iswari S. Dewi; Rossa Yunita; Deden Sukmadjaja
Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol 16, No 2 (2010): December
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/blpn.v16n2.2010.p96-102

Abstract

In Vitro Culture Application in the form of Somaclonal Variation Combined with Mutagen Introduction for Plant Improvement. Fatmawati is a new type of rice potentially to be developed. The development of this new type of rice in various places of West Java, Central Java and Lampung is often hampered by the blast disease causing the empty grain resulted in the harvest failure. Hence, from January to December 2007. The Indonesia Research Institute for rice in cooperation with Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development conducted research aimed at improving the quality of Fatmawati type of rice through somaclonal variation by mutative induction. In this research, the calli were treated with 1-50 gy gamma ray prior to its regeneration. The shoots produced by this regeneration were then acclimatized in the green house until the production stage. All 342 somaclone lines were sub-sequently tested on its endurance against leaf blast disease using three races of blast isolate namely 001, 033, and 173. The research yielded 21 somaclone lines which were absolutely tolerant to blast disease. These new somaclones were then planted in the green house for further morphological and agronomical observation. AbstrakFatmawati merupakan varietas padi tipe baru yang mempunyai potensi hasil tinggi. Pengembangan varietas tersebut di beberapa daerah seperti Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Lampung masih mengalami masalah berupa bulir hampa tinggi dan serangan penyakit blas yang menyebabkan kegagalan panen. Penelitian pemuliaan untuk memperbaiki sifat unggul pada varietas Fatmawati telah dilakukan oleh Balai Besar Penelitian Padi bekerjasama dengan Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian melalui keragaman somaklonal menggunakan induksi mutasi. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Desember 2007. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah kalus yang diberi perlakuan irradiasi dengan sinar gamma dosis 1-50 Gy kemudian diregenerasikan pada media MS + BA 1 mg/l +IAA 0,8 mg/l. Tunas yang dihasilkan kemudian diaklimatisasi di rumah kaca sampai menghasilkan benih. Sebanyak 342 galur somaklon diuji ketahanannya terhadap penyakit blas daun menggunakan ras isolat 001, 033, dan 173. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan 21 galur somaklon yang sama sekali tidak terserang penyakit blas. Galur somaklon tahan tersebut selanjutnya ditanam di rumah kaca untuk diamati keragaman morfologi dan agronominya.
Karakterisasi Varietas Unggul Pisang Mas Kirana dan Agung Semeru di Kabupaten Lumajang P.E.R. Prahardini; nFN Yuniarti; Amik Krismawati
Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol 16, No 2 (2010): December
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/blpn.v16n2.2010.p126-133

Abstract

The Characterization of Two Superior Varieties of Banana from Lumajang Regency East Java. Lumajang regency is one of the banana production centre in East Java having highdiversity of banana germ plasm. There are 33 cultivars of banana germ plasm in the regency, consist of table fruit and plantain. The superior variety in Lumajang Regency are Agung Semeru (Musa x paradisiaca) as plantain and Mas Kirana (Musa acumunata) as fresh table fruit varieties. Those variety can grow well at 450-650 m above sea level. The objective of this study were to make inventory and exploration banana plants with respect to the information on the condition. Inventory and exploration were conducted at two Regency, i.e. Senduro and Pasrujambe from Mei 2006 until March 2007. The aim of this study were to identify, characterize, and inventarize of banana tree and use as reference characteristics of banana tree. The characteristic of banana&rsquo;s Agung Semeru variety could be seen by the colour of pseudostem (light red), the uniqueness of fruit set, number of sucker per cluster (only 1-2 suckers per cluster), the size of the finger (33-36 cm long) and 19 cm around) and the number of hand per bunch (only 1- 2 hand per bunch) with the weight around 10-20 kg/bunch. Superior characteristics of the Agung Semeru variety were the thickness of fruit skin, the long period of fruit storage (3-4 weeks after harvesting) and the sweetness of fruit flesh. Even though the skin changes from yellow to black, the flesh still could be consume, because it doesn&rsquo;t become soft. This variety could be used for the raw material of small and middle home industries. The characteristic of banana Mas Kirana variety could be seen by the colour of pseudostem (brownish-red), number of sucker per cluster (only 2-3 suckers per cluster), the size of the finger was small and prefered by the consumer with yellowish colour, the weight around 11-13 kg/bunch. Superior characteristics of the Mas Kirana variety were sweetness, fresh and crispy of fruit flesh, beside those character also could be used for banana&rsquo;s cakes and had short period of production. In additions those varieties were also resistant to the Sygatoka disease compared to other plantain cultivars. AbstrakKabupaten Lumajang Jawa Timur, merupakan salah satu wilayah yang mempunyai keragaman plasma nutfah pisang. Di daerah ini terdapat 33 plasma nutfah pisang yang terdiri atas pisang sebagai buah meja dan pisang olahan. Varietas unggul pisang di Kabupaten Lumajang adalah Agung Semeru (Musa paradisiaca) sebagai pisang olahan dan Mas Kirana (Musa acumunata) sebagai buah segar. Kedua varietas pisang tersebut tumbuh pada ketinggian 450-650 m dpl. Eksplorasi dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan dan mengidentifikasi tanaman, bentuk tumbuhan, dan habitat. Kegiatan eksplorasi dilakukan di dua kecamatan, yaitu Senduro dan Pasrujambe, pada bulan Mei 2006 hingga Maret 2007. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi, menginventarisasi, dan mengkarakterisasi tanaman pisang, sehingga dapat disusun berbagai karakter tanaman. Karakteristik pisang varietas Agung Semeru terlihat dari warna batang (merah terang), pembentukan buah yang unik, jumlah anakan 1-2 anakan/rumpun, di samping itu ukuran buah besar (keliling buah 19 cm) dan panjang (33-36 cm), jumlah sisir 1-2 sisir/tandan dengan bobot 10-20 kg/tandan. Keunggulan lain dari pisang varietas Agung Semeru adalah kulit buah tebal sehingga tahan disimpan 3-4 minggu setelah petik dan rasa buah manis. Walaupun kulit buah sudah kehitaman tetapi daging buah tetap enak dikonsumsi karena tidak lembek. Karakteristik pisang varietas Mas Kirana terlihat dari warna batang (merah kecoklatan), jumlah anakan 2-3 anakan/ rumpun, ukuran buah kecil yang disenangi konsumen, dan berwarna kuning bersih. Keunggulan varietas Mas Kirana adalah rasa daging buah manis, segar, dan teksturnya renyah, dapat dijadikan bahan baku industri olahan berupa tepung pisang dan sale, umur relatif genjah dengan produktivitas 11- 13 kg/tandan. Kedua varietas tersebut tahan penyakit bercak daun dibandingkan dengan kultivar pisang lainnya.
Stabilitas dan Adaptabilitas Varietas Padi Merah Lokal Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta nFN Kristamtini
Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol 16, No 2 (2010): December
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/blpn.v16n2.2010.p103-106

Abstract

Stability and Adaptability of Local Varieties of Red Rice in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The objective of this research were to asses the yield performance, stability and adaptability of three genetic resources of local red rice in Yogyakarta Special Region. A randomized Block Design with three repicates was applied in all location. Three varieties were used i.e. Cempo merah, Saodah merah and Andel merah and were planted with changed plant system. Fertilizers were applied at rate 200 kg/ha urea, 50 kg/ha TSP and 25 kg/ha KCl. Yield stability was analyzed using the method of Eberhart and Russel (1966). The result indicated that the genetic resources test had different genetic potential. The yield of tested variety from 4.75-5.55 t/ha with an average of 5.08 t/ha. The variety of Cempo merah and Andel merah were under the average of yield stability and were only adapted to optimal growing environments. The stability of Saodah merah was higher than stability of average yield and was also well adapted to sub optimal environments. AbstrakTujuan penelitian ialah menilai daya hasil, stabilitas, dan adaptabilitas tiga varietas padi merah lokal Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) di Sleman dan Bantul. Rancangan percobaan di setiap lokasi ialah acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Tiga varietas yang diuji ialah Cempo merah, Saodah Merah, dan Andel Merah, ditanam dengan sistem tanam pindah. Pemupukan dengan 200 kg/ha urea, 50 kg/ha TSP, dan 25 kg/ha KCl. Stabilitas hasil dianalisis dengan metode Eberhart dan Russe (1966). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan potensi genetik dari sumber daya genetik yang diuji. Kisaran hasil dari ketiga varietas padi merah lokal yang diuji antara 4,75-5,55 t/ha dengan rata-rata 5,08 t/ha. Varietas padi merah Cempo Merah dan Andel Merah memiliki stabilitas di bawah rata-rata, dan berpeluang adaptif di lingkungan optimal, sedangkan varietas Saodah Merah memiliki stabilitas di atas rata-rata dan beradaptasi pada lingkungan kurang optimal.
Variasi Genetik Jeruk Keprok SoE (Citrus reticulata Blanco) Hasil Radiasi Sinar Gamma Menggunakan Penanda ISSR Farida Yulianti; C. Martasari; nFN Karsinah; Tangguh Hartanto
Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol 16, No 2 (2010): December
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/blpn.v16n2.2010.p134-139

Abstract

Genetic Variation of Keprok SoE Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) Resulted from Gamma Iradiation Based on ISSR Markers. SoE mandarin is one of the best mandarin from Indonesia which has been chosen as one of mandarin for import substitution. The citrus quality could be improved through breeding program, one of this program was mutation breeding using gamma rays irradiation. The research was aimed to obtain information of SoE mandarin genetic variation derived from gamma rays irradiation using ISSR marker. The research was conducted at Breeding and Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Research Institute (ICISFRI) from May to September 2008. Five ISSR primers were used to amplify DNA samples. Matrix data was counted and dendrogram of samples was established using UPGMA and SAHN methods. The resulst showed that 3 of the primers indicated polymorphism. About 22 locus were amplified from 3 primers, 9 (40.9%) locus showed polymorphism. The genetic similarity of SoE mandarin derived from gamma rays irradiation were 73-100%. AbstrakJeruk keprok SoE merupakan salah satu jeruk keprok unggulan Indonesia untuk mensubstitusi jeruk impor. Kualitas jeruk dapat ditingkatkan melalui program pemuliaan, salah satunya adalah melalui pemuliaan mutasi dengan menggunakan sinar gamma. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang variasi genetik jeruk keprok SoE hasil radiasi sinar gamma menggunakan penanda ISSR. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pemuliaan dan Kultur Jaringan, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika (Balitjestro) pada bulan Mei-September 2008. Lima penanda ISSR digunakan untuk mengamplifikasi sampel DNA. Pengelompokan tanaman di dalam dendrogram dihitung menurut UPGMA menggunakan metode SAHN. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tiga penanda mengindikasikan adanya polimorfisme. Dari 22 lokus yang terbentuk dari tiga penanda, sembilan lokus (40,9%) menunjukkan polimorfisme. Tingkat kesamaan genetik jeruk keprok SoE hasil radiasi sinar gamma berkisar antara 73-100%.
Identifikasi Sumber Daya Genetik Kedelai Tahan Penyakit Virus Kerdil Kedelai nFN Asadi; Nurwita Dewi
Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol 16, No 2 (2010): December
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/blpn.v16n2.2010.p107-112

Abstract

Identification of Soybean Germplasm Resistant to Soybean Stunt Virus (SSV). The experiment was conducted at screen cage and laboratory of the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD), Bogor. The objective was to obtain genotypes (accessions) which were resistant to SSV. The experiment consisted of two activities (1) virulent test of SSV isolates, (2) evaluation and identification of soybean germplasm for resistance to Soybean stunt virus. Evaluation and identification consisted of three steps. Step I, 900 soybean accessions were evaluated for their resistance to SSV. In this trial, each accession or genotype was planted in a pot, 8-14 plants/pot. One week after planting, each plant was inoculated with selected SSV isolate. The disease incidence was observed visually one month after inoculation. In step II, the soybean genotypes considered resistant in step I or about 10% of the total accessions were reevaluated using the Dot-ELISA technique. Finally, in the last step, the resistances of the selected genotypes from step II were reconfirmed using the same technique as that in the step I. The result showed that among two SSV isolates that were tested, isolate J (Jakarta) was more virulent than isolate B, and it is used as inocula source for the next evaluation. Seventeen soybean genotypes were identified resistant to SSV, three of the them showed good agronomic performances, i.e., Mlg 2521, B3570, and Taichung will be used as resistant parents in the subsequent soybean breeding for resistance to SSV. AbstrakPercobaan dilakukan di kurungan kawat dan laboratorium Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh beberapa aksesi kedelai yang tahan terhadap SSV. Penelitian terdiri dari dua kegiatan (1) uji virulensi isolat SSV dan (2) evaluasi dan identifikasi sumber daya genetik kedelai untuk ketahanan terhadap SSV. Kegiatan kedua (evaluasi dan indentifikasi) terdiri atas tiga tahapan penelitian. Pada tahap I, sebanyak 900 aksesi plasma nutfah kedelai dievaluasi ketahanannya terhadap SSV. Setiap aksesi ditanam dalam pot (8-14 tanaman/pot). Seminggu setelah tanam, setiap tanaman diinokulasi dengan SSV virulen (inokulum hasil uji virulensi pada kegiatan, pertama tingkat serangan SSV diamati secara visual sebulan setelah inokulasi. Pada tahap kedua sekitar 10% (84 aksesi) yang bereaksi sangat tahan hingga agak tahan (skor ketahanan 0-3) dievaluasi kembali ketahanannya terhadap SSV secara serologi menggunakan metode Dot-ELISA. Pada tahap ketiga, aksesi tahan terpilih pada penelitian tahap kedua diuji kofirmasi kembali dengan menggunakan teknik Dot-ELISA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan di antara dua isolat SSV yang diuji, isolat J (Jakarta) lebih virulen dibandingkan dengan isolat B (Bogor). Isolat J digunakan sebagai sumber inokulum untuk evaluasi selanjutnya. Tujuh belas aksesi telah diidentifikasi sebagai aksesi tahan SSV, tiga di antaranya memperlihatkan konsistensi ketahanan dan penampilan agronomis yang baik, yaitu MLG2521, B3570, dan Taichung. Ketiga aksesi diidentifikasi sebagai sumber gen/tetua tahan SSV.
Virulensi Phytophthora capsici Asal Lada terhadap Piper spp. Dono Wahyuno; Dyah Manohara; Dwi N. Susilowati
Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol 16, No 2 (2010): December
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/blpn.v16n2.2010.p140-149

Abstract

Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) is Widely Cultivated in Indonesia by Smallholder. Foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici is the main constraint in pepper cultivation in Indonesia. Developing a resistant variety is considered the most effective means to reduce the foot rot disease impact. However, the genetic variability of cultivated pepper in Indonesia is narrow. Therefore, attempt to find new gene source from other Piper spp. is an alternative method to get resistant genes against foot rot disease. Six Piper spp. i.e. Piper betle, P. colubrinum, P. cubeba, P. hispidum, and P. retrofractum were tested, while P. nigrum used as control. To find the resistance of those Piper spp. against P. capsici, artificial inoculation experiment was conducted in laboratory. Third and fourth leaves of Piper spp. were inoculated by placing a piece mycelial colony of tested Phytophthora isolates, 5 mm in diameter on abaxial leaf surface. Fifty isolates of P. capsici obtained from various pepper areas in Indonesia were used in the experiment. Width of necrotic area on each inoculated leaves were measured after incubated for 72 hours. Results of statistical analyses showed that P. betle, P. cubeba, P. retrofractum existed in the same group with P. nigrum; while P. colubrinum and P. hispidum presented in another group. Those 50 isolates P. capsici were grouped into 3 groups, the first was a big dominant group that infected all Piper spp., second group consisted of isolates infected P. betle, P. cubeba, P. retrofractum and P. nigrum; and the last one was isolates that infected P. colubrinum and P. hispidum. Hence, virulence of P. capsici was wide and not all Piper spp. were resistant against P. capsici. AbstrakLada telah dibudidayakan secara luas di Indonesia dan sebagian besar diusahakan oleh petani bermodal kecil. Salah satu kendala dalam budi daya lada di Indonesia ialah penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada yang disebabkan oleh Phytophthora capsici. Salah satu usaha pengendalian yang dianggap efektif ialah menggunakan varietas tahan, tetapi keragaman genetik lada budi daya sempit. Hal ini merupakan kendala dalam program perbaikan varietas. Untuk itu perlu dicari sumber gen ketahanan dari spesies lainnya, yaitu Piper betle, P. colubrinum, P. cubeba, P. hispidum, dan P. retrofractum; sedang P. nigrum digunakan sebagai pembanding. Inokulasi dilakukan dengan cara meletakkan potongan hifa P. capsici pada permukaan bawah daun ketiga dan keempat dari masing-masing Piper spp. Sebanyak 50 isolat P. capsici asal lada yang diperoleh dari berbagai lokasi digunakan dalam penelitian. Daun yang telah diinokulasi diinkubasi pada kotak yang dijaga kelembabannya pada suhu kamar. Luas nekrosa yang terbentuk diukur 72 jam setelah inokulasi. Data luas nekrosa dianalisis secara statitistik untuk melihat ketahanan masing-masing Piper spp. terhadap isolat P. capsici yang digunakan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa P. betle, P. cubeba, dan P. retrofractum terdapat dalam kelompok yang sama dengan P. nigrum, sedangkan P. colubrinum dan P. hispidum terdapat pada kelompok yang lain. Hasil analisis menunjukkan, 50 isolat P. capsici yang digunakan terbagi ke dalam tiga kelompok, yaitu kelompok yang dapat menyerang semua Piper spp., kelompok yang efektif menyerang P. betle, P. cubeba, P. retrofractum, dan P. nigrum; serta kelompok yang efektif menyerang P. colubrinum dan P. hispidum. Data pengujian menunjukkan adanya variasi virulensi yang luas pada P. capsici dan tidak semua Piper spp. berpotensi digunakan sebagai sumber ketahanan.

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