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INDONESIA
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains
Published by Universitas Riau
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Core Subject : Engineering,
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Articles 3,145 Documents
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Produksi Bioetanol Dari Reject Of Stock Preparation Pada Proses Pembuatan Kertas Dengan Proses Hidrolisis Dan Fermentasi Sitinjak, Jufri Suanto; Chairul, Chairul; Muria, Sri Rezeki
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 7 (2020): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2020
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Indonesia is one of the largest paper producing and exporting countries in the world. Along with the increase in paper production, solid waste is generated from the reject of stock preparation. These reject of stock preparation has the potential to produce bioethanol because it contains a high cellulose content of 85,53% and hemicellulose 3,88% which is able to support the provision of renewable and environmental friendly fuels. The purpose of this study was to obtain the concentration of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrolysis temperature that can produce the highest sugar concentration in the reject of stock preparation hydrolysis process into sugar; to get the best pH value and fermentation time in the fermentation process by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae; and also get the percent yield of fermented sugar into bioethanol. The stages in this research is pretreatment of samples refined with a 1000 micron sieve (18 mesh), then the hydrolysis process with various concentrations of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) 6, 8, 10, 12% (v/v) and temperatures of 120oC, 130oC and 140oC for 30 minutes. Finally, the fermentation process was carried out with a variation of pH 4.5; 5; and 5,5 and fermentation time of 24, 48, 72 and 96 time. Based on the research results, the highest total sugar concentration of 9,8244 g/l was obtained in the hydrolysis process with a concentration of 12% (v/v) H2SO4 and a temperature of 140oC. The highest bioethanol concentration of 5.83 g/l was obtained in the fermentation process with the best pH 4.5 and fermentation time of 72 hours with the percent yield obtained at 85.88% (0.44 gram bioethanol / gram sugar). Keywords : Bioethanol, fermentation, hydrolysis, reject of stock preparation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Prarancangan Pabrik Akrolein Dari Gliserol Dengan Desain Alat Utama Reaktor Fixed Bed Multitube Pada Proses Dehidrasi Gliserol Sari, Ronna Puspita
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 8 (2021): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2021
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Acrolein (C3H4O) is the simplest unsaturated aldehyde compound but is highly toxic and high reactivity due to the conjugation of a carbonyl group with a vinyl group. The uses of acrolein is protecting liquid fuels from microorganisms, making essential amino acid methionine and as a good separator and dispersing agent which is widely used in the ceramic, paper and electroplating industries. The acrolein plant is design to produce 36.000 tons/years. One of the main equipment in this plant is the dehydration reactor to react glycerol to produce acrolein. The type of reactor is fixed bed multitube reactor using WO3/ZrO2 as a catalyst at 410℃ and 1 bar in isothermal conditions. The glycerol flow rate is 21.088,193 kg/h and the cooling water flow rate is 113.891,47 kg/h. The height of reactor is 8,23 m and the diameter is 2,39 m with torispherical flanged and dished head and lug support.Keywords: acrolein, fixed bed multitube reactor, glycerol, zirconium.
Pengambilan Pati Dari Batang Sawit Saparullah, Zulkarnaen; Zulfansyah, Zulfansyah; Helwani, Zuchra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 7 (2020): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2020
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

The replanting of oil palm produced 70.2 tons per hectare of solid palm oil waste. The utilization of palm oil waste has been limited. One alternative to deal with this problem is by extracting starch contained in the oil palm trunk. The purpose of this study is to extract starch and determine the effect of process conditions on starch quality. starch extraction was carried out under atmospheric conditions with 125 gram weight of palm stem powder, sodium metabisulfite concentration (0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75%), extraction time (12 hours, 24 hours and 36 hours) and liquid solid ratio 15/1 ( b / b). The result should highest starch content was obtained at a solvent concentration of 0.5% with an extraction time of 24 hours and a liquid solids ratio of 15/1. Keywords : oil palm trunk, extraction, starch,
Pembuatan Bioetanol Dari Ampas Sagu Menggunakan Proses Hidrolisis Dan Fermentasi Menggunakan Asam Sulfat Sebagai Katalis Dirgantara, Doni Ari; Chairul, Chairul; Zultiniar, Zultiniar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 8 (2021): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2021
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Bioethanol is one of the alternative energy substitutes for petroleum. the wasted of sago can be used for bioethanol production. The main component of sago is used for the production of bioethanol is lignocellulose which consist of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Ethanol is made by hydrolisiys and fermentation with the help of an acid catalyst and saccharomyces cerevisiae. This study aims to exploit the potential contained in sago waste as a producer of bioethanol by using the hydrolysis process method acid and time of the hydrolysis process, knowing the amount of sugar content resulting from the acid hydrolysis process and the time of the hydrolysis process, Knowing the ethanol content formed from the time variation in the fermentation process. The variables used are sulfuric acid concentration, hydrolysis time and also the time when fermentation. this research starts with the pre treatment of sago pulp, then hidrolysis with, with variation 1n, 2n, 3n in 145 degree during 20 minutes, 30 minutes, minutes, 40 minutes and 50 minutes. Then the results of hydrolysis fermented using sacchaomces cerevisiae. The fermentation process lasted for 24 hours, 48 hours 72 hours, 96 hours, and 120 hours. The results showed that the largest sugar concentration was obtained during concentration of H2SO4 3 N with time 50 minutes amounting to 25,08 g/L the greatest bioethanol content and levels are obtained from the fermentation during 96 hours is 4,751 g/L or 15 %. Keywords : bioethanol, fermentation, hydrolisis, sago pulp, pre-treatment
Karakterisasi Dan Analisis Pengolahan Greywater Menggunakan Karbon Aktif Saputra, Muhammad Ramadhan; Andrio, David; Darmayanti, Lita
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 7 (2020): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2020
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

The growth of population will increase clean water demand. One of several way that can be done is by treating wastewater and reuse it as an alternative source. This research aims to determine the characteristics of greywater and analyze the removal chemical oxygen demand (COD), oil and grease using activated carbon. The result of this study show the COD, oil and grease in 397 mg/L and 152 mg/L. Keywords: Activated Carbon, Greywater
Pengaruh Variasi Suhu Di Slaker I-V Terhadap Variasi Total Active Alkali White Liquor Di Unit Recausticizing Plant PT. RAPP Hutagalung, Maha Putra; Fermi, M. Iwan; Rionaldo, Hari; Siregar, Dompak M.
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 7 (2020): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2020
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

The Kraft pulping process has become the most widely used pulping process in the papermaking industry since its discovery in 1879.This process has three main advantages over other pulping processes, namely the resulting fiber is stronger, can be applied to all wood species. Both softwood and hardwood, and lower operating costs due to the chemical can be reprocessed at a high efficiency of around 97%. One of the units in chemical reprocessing is a plant that aims to produce white liquid (WL) from green liquid (GL) which is then used as a medium for cooking chips in the Digester. This study aims to study temperature variations in the I-V slaker unit at PT. RAPP on the total active alkali (TAA) variation of WL in WL tanks. The temperature of each slaker was correlated with TAA WL using a linear regression approach and was re-tested by comparing the causticizing efficiency in each slaker. To get the optimal operational process in each slaker for the variation of TTA GL and temperature in the slaker, the multiple regression method approach was used. The TAA WL prediction results from multiple regression between TTA and temperature in the slaker were then compared with the TAA WL obtained in the laboratory and it was found that the two values were very close. So this method can be used to determine the optimal operation for variations in TTA GL and temperature in the slaker. If the variation of TAA WL is very small, the proportion of alkaline charge used in the digester can be so that the operational costs can be drawn. Keywords: Kraft Pulp, Slaker, Causticizing Efficiency, Green Liquor, Total active alkali, White Liquor
Analisis Pengaruh Posisi Peletakan Magnet Permanen Di Rotor Terhadap Kinerja Generator Sinkron Magnet Permanen Harahap, Elco Maghfira Arfi; Rosma, Iswadi Hasyim; Hamzah, Amir
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 7 (2020): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2020
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) has the same construction as conventional synchronous generators. The rotor in the synchronous generator requires DC current feeding to produce GGL while the PMSG rotor does not need DC current feeding because the magnetic field is generated from a permanent magnet. With this permanent magnet, it causes a cogging effect which inhibits the rotation of the stator. To reduce the cogging effect, it is necessary to change the position of the magnet in the motor. This scientific paper discusses the effect of the positioning of a Permenen magnet in the rotor on PMSG on the output of cogging voltage and torque from the modeling of PMSG magnets parallel and PMSG magnets of Skew. The PMSG design that was made refers to the specifications of the outer dimensions of 450 mm and a thickness of 150 mm with the Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) type rotor using a combination of 24 slots 8 Poles with a rotating rotor at 750 rpm. To get the output values, PMSG must first be modeled into the software to be analyzed. When modeling the PMSG, it turns out that the mesh size of the generator constituent materials affects the level of accuracy at solving. So that the calculation results of the generated voltage, output power and torque will be more accurate. However, it takes a long time during the testing process. Based on the calculations and the results of the tests that have been carried out, it can be concluded that the position of the magnetic placement affects the generated output voltage. From the test results, a magnet with a skew position has a lower voltage than a normal / parallel magnet position. This is because the flux from the skew magnet that enters the stator teeth is imperfect plus there is a collision of flux / field direction from two different poles in one stator gear at the same time. As a result, the generated field becomes smaller. Then the second from the test results it is concluded that the positioning of the magnet affects the cogging torque. magnets that are placed in a skew position have a smaller cogging torque than parallel PMSG modeling. Keywords : Back EMF (Electromotive Force), Ke (Constant Efficiency), flux lingkage, cogging
Sistem Keamanan Rumah Berbasis Iot (Internet Of Thing) Menggunakan Sensor PIR (Pyroelectric Infrared), Web Camera Dan Aplikasi Android Saputra, Fanny Eka; Sari, Linna Oktaviana
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 8 (2021): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2021
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Internet of Thing (IoT)- based home security system is a security system with an automatic system and connected to the internet network. Home security is an important thing to protect something valuable at home. The use of an IoT-based home security system can be applied such as wireless motion sensor and monitoring camera. Using a Pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensor as a sensor to detect movement in a room, the PIR sensor can detect motion up to 6 meters and can be adjusted by rotating the tripot on the sensor. The monitoring camera uses an ESP32-cam which functions to monitor the conditions indoors and sends image data to the BLYNK application. Emergency calls are also embedded to increase the effectiveness of the system by making emergency calls to numbers registered to the system such as the numbers of neighbors or people entrusted with using the SIM800L and Arduino modules. An ESP32- cam camera is used as a remote monitoring camera. This system is controlled using the ESP8266 to turn on and off the module in the motion sensor processing section in the form of the ESP8266 and the PIR sensor and the camera monitoring section. The test results obtained that the sensor can detect motion and provide notification to the IFTTT application, sound an alarm and make an emergency call, along with the ESP32cam camera can send images to the BLYNK application. Keywords : IoT, PIR, ESP32-cam, ESP8266, IFTTT, BLYNK.
Rancang Bangun Purwa Rupa Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Matahari Metode Mesin Stirling Rieza Azhar; Nurhalim Nurhalim
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 7 (2020): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2020
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Solar thermal energy is a renewable energy which is very large in the universe. Indonesia as a tropical country has a huge potential where almost all the islands in Indonesia has solar thermal radiation every year. One of utilization of solar heat is to use solar heat as a source of electrical energy. solar thermal power generation technology, one of which is use a stirling engine as a converter of solar thermal energy into kinetic energy. Then the kinetic energy is connected to a generator that can produce electrical energy. One important part in the generation of solar thermal energy with the stirling engine method is the solar thermal collector which is generally a parabolic shape. In this study, a parabolic collector was designed using TracePro simulation software. TracePro Software is able to simulate solar thermal energy by providing several parameters, then it will display the performance of a paraboilic dish collector against sunlight as well as the parameters needed in research. From the results of the simulation, it was found that the ability of the maximum parabolic collector with 40 Watt/m2 solar radiation input was able to focus solar radiation to 500 W. From the results of the manual calculation there was an error between the simulation and the manual calculation is 16,6 %. Thus the performance of the parabolic dish collector by 83,4 % (efficiency). Keywords: solar thermal, stirling engine, software TracePro, parbolic collector
Hubungan Empiris Parameter Koefisien Konsolidasi Cv, Dan Konsolidasi Ch (Studi Kasus: Tanah Pesisir Provinsi Riau) Rahman, Sayful; Fatnanta, Ferry; Yusa, M.
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 8 (2021): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2021
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

The rapid development of infrastructure in Riau Province has an impact on increasing land needs, especially in coastal areas which are dominated by soft soils. Soft soil will experience a large settlement if it is given a construction load for a long time. This is caused by the discharge of pore water in the soil causing damage to the construction structure. The preloading method on soft soil with vertical drain system is one of the most popular methods used to increase the shear strength of soft soil and control the settlement that occurs after construction. The permeability rate of soft soil is very low so that the time for consolidation to achieve the optimum shear strength will take more time. Generally, consolidation occurs only in the vertical direction, whereas in this study horizontal consolidation is obtained by modifying the consolidation test, namely by using a membrane to limit the movement of pore water when compressed by loading so that the water moves radially towards the vertical hole that filled with sand. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the vertical consolidation coefficient and the horizontal consolidation coefficient on the physical properties of the soil through laboratory tests. Soil samples used in this study were taken in undisturbed conditions. The results of this study obtained differences in the decline that occurred in various types of soil from the coastal areas of Riau Province. The largest land subsidence for vertical consolidation and horizontal consolidation is on the Pakning River. Based on the results of testing that has been done, the correlation coefficient cv and coefficient ch, is obtained by means of linear regression. Correlation of coefficient cv and coefficient ch obtained empirical correlation value in an equation ch = 11.088cv + 0.0005. Keywords : Soft Soil, Vertical Drain, Vertical Consolidation, Horizontal Consolidation, Square Root of Time Method.

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