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Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains
Published by Universitas Riau
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Articles 3,145 Documents
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Hidrodeoksigenasi Pirolisis Kayu Ketapang (Terminalia Catappa L) Menjadi Bio-Oil Menggunakan Katalis Mo/Lempung Andi Mulya Adha; Syaiful Bahri; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Bio-oil can be produced by hydrodeoxygenation pyrolysis of terminalia catappa wood using Mo/Clay catalyst. Objective of this research is to produce bio - oil from catappa wood using hydrodeoxygenation pyrolysis method, determine the effect of hydrodeoxygenation temperature and percentage of Mo/clay catalyst to the yield of bio - oil produced, as well as determine the effect of hydrodeoxygenation pyrolysis on physical properties and chemical properties of bio - oil produced. Hydrodeoxygenation pyrolysis process was carried out using catappa woody biomass 50 grams with -100 + 200 mesh sieve size, silinap 500 ml, variation Mo / clay catalyst to the biomass amounted to 0 %; 0,5 %; 1,5 % and 2,5 % by weight to biomass and hydrodeoxygenation pyrolysis temperature variations are: 300, 310, 320, and 330°C. Results of this study produced bio - oil yields the largest on the use of Mo / clay catalyst 1,5 % by weight to biomass and temperature of 320°C which is 65,477 %. Characterization of physical properties of bio - oil measured of density of 0,909 g /ml, 1,797 cSt viscosity, acid number 30,089 mg NaOH / gram sample, 48 °C flash point and calorific value 44,725 MJ / kg. Respectively the characterization of the chemical properties of bio - oil using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (GC - MS) obtained some dominant chemical components such as: (2,4,4-trimethyl, 2-pentene), (2,2,4,4-tetramethyl, Pentane), (3 (3,3-dimethyl butyl), Cyclohexanone), (5,5-dimetyl, 2-Hexene), and (1-propene, 2-methyl, tetramer). Keywords: bio – oil, catappa wood, hydrodeoxygenation pyrolysis, Mo/clay catalyst
Kinetika Reaksi Pada Sintesis Hidroksiapatit Dengan Metode Presipitasi Saputra, Fakhri; Fadli, Ahmad; Amri, Amun
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Hydroxyapatite is a ceramic material that used in biomedic especially for bone and tooth implant. Hydroxyapatite can be synthesized by precipitation method. The aims of this research is determining reaction kinetic of hydroxyapatite synthesis by precipitation method with variables of temperature and stirring rate. The research was started by dissolving 8,27 grams of CaO in 200 mL of aquadest. Subsequently the dissolution was titrated with phosphoric acid 1,8 M while heated with temperature variation of 40°C, 50°C and 60°C, also stirring rate of 100 rpm, 200 rpm and 300 rpm. Samples were taken in every 20 minutes by 20 mL and aging for 24 hours in freezer. Then sample was filtered by using filter paper, and the filtrate was analyzed by complexometric titration technique. The result shows that the reaction kinetic follows pseudo second order equation and constants of reaction rate increases with increasing temperature following equation of k = 66, 88e- (25819,13 / RT), k = 10,64e- (18812,92 / RT) and k = 167,80e- (24824,77 / RT) for stirring rate of 100 rpm, 200 rpm, and 300 rpm. Constants of reaction rate at 100 rpm is 0,0056 min-1 and increases to 0,0222 min-1 when the stirring speed increased to 300 rpm at 60°C.Key words : ceramic, hydroxyapatite, reaction kinetic, precipitation
Kesetimbangan Adsorpsi Logam Cu Menggunakan Karbon Aktif Dari Ampas Tebu Sebagai Adsorben Astrandana, Yudi; Chairul, Chairul; Yenti, Silvia Reni
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Bagasse is a by product of the extraction process (pressing) liquid sugar. One of the efforts to control the bagasse is processed into activated carbon. This research aims to study activated carbon manufacturing process of bagasse, study the effect of Cu concentration and temperature of Cu solution on activated carbon from bagasse as and determine of equilibrium models that used at Cu metal adsorption using activated carbon from bagasse. Processing bagasse into activated carbon carbonization process is carried out at a temperature of 320 ° C for 2 hours. After that is activated using KOH with comparison of activated carbon to KOH 1:3. As much as 1.5 grams of activated carbon was added to the beaker containing the solution of Cu at various concentration (20 ppm, 30 ppm and 40 ppm), the reaction temperature (40 ° C, 50 ° C and 60 ° C) at a volume of 500 ml solutions. The results showed that activated carbon adsorption for is 97.1%, followed equilibrium models Freundlich isotherm models.Keywords: Adsorption, Cu Metal, Carbonization, Activated Carbon
Sintesis Surfaktan Metil Ester Sulfonat Dari Palm Oil Methyl Ester Dan Natrium Metabisulfit Dengan Penambahan Katalis Kalsium Oksida Harti, Jatikta Yuni; Nirwana, Nirwana; Irdoni, Irdoni
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Surfactants (surface active agent) is a chemical compound used for reduce the surface tension of the liquid. Surfactants are divided into four groups: anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric. The most widely used surfactant is an anionic surfactant which is synthesized from petroleum namely Linear Alkylbenzene sulphonate (LABS). LABS is not resistant to high salinity levels, not degradable, expensive and still imported. Methyl Ester Sulfonate is an anionic surfactant which is currently being developed. These surfactants can be produced from palm oil methyl ester. MES produced from sulfonation reaction with addition of sulfonate. Sulfonate used in this research using sodium metabisulphite. The aims synthesize surfactant Methyl Ester Sulfonate of Palm Oil Methyl Ester usingSodium Metabisulphite and a catalyst Calcium Oxide, and to study the effects of time and the mole ratio of the product produced. Palm Oil Methyl Ester obtained from PT. Cemerlang Eka Perkasa Dumai, Riau Province. Sulfonation process carried out at the time variation of 4, 5, 6 hours, the mole ratio of 1: 0,5, 1:1, 1: 1,5, temperature of 80° C and the stirring speed of 450 rpm. The density of MES (0.89490 g/cm3 - 0.89545 g/cm3), viscosity (2.0323 cP - 2.1329 cP), a pH (2,03 - 2,48), surface tension (32.60 mN/m - 33.60 mN/m), interfacial tension (30.45 mN/m - 30.94 mN/m), and the stability emulsion (59.17% - 89, 17%).Keywords: methyl ester, methyl ester sulfonate, sulfonated, surfactant
Studi Pendahuluan Penggunaan Katalis Logam-HAp Pada Pembuatan Biodiesel Syafruddin Syafruddin; Yelmida Azis; Zultiniar Zultiniar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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The safety and sustainability of an energy source, along with biodegradability is a parameter whether an alternative energy considered successful or not. Currently, biodiesel is an environmentally friendly and has low manufacturing cost. Biodiesel cathegorized as fatty acid methyl esther (FAME) which is generated from fat or oil. In this research, palm fatty acid destillate (PFAD) is used as raw material to produce biodiesel. PFAD is converted into FAME through single stage estherification. This estherification reaction combine 25 gram of PFAD with 97 gram of methanol with mixing rate of 350 rpm at 60˚C for 1, 2, and 3 hours. 0,25 gram of metal-hydroxyapatite catalyst (Cu-HAp, Co-HAp, Ni-HAp, dan HAp) will assist in the process of converting PFAD into FAME. The focus of this study is the effect of time and type of metal-HAp on the conversion of PFAD into FAME. The highest yield of biodiesel is acquired at the usage of (3%) Cu-HAp catalyst for 3 hours. Physical test result has fulfilled SNI 04-7182-2006 which includes 0.84 g/ml density, 4.8 cSt viscosity, 120 ˚C flash point, 61.48% yield, acid number of 0.73 mg KOH/gr oil. Based on the GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer) analysis, the main component of the PFAD-based biodiesel is 53.1% hexadecanoic methyl esther, 32.81% 9-octadecanoic methyl esther and 5,93% 9,12-octadecadinoic methyl esther.Keywords: Biodiesel, Estherification-transestherification, Methanol, Metal-HAp catalysts, PFAD
Sintesis Hidroksiapatit Dari Limbah Kulit Kerang Lokan (Geloina Expansa) Dengan Metode Hidrothermal Mohd Fazhlur Arrafiqie; Yelmida Azis; Zultiniar Zultiniar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2is a calcium phosphate compound which is bioactive ceramic material with high bioafinitas and the principal inorganic constituent of bones and teeth. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) materials used as bone implants, adsorbents and catalysts. In this research synthesis of hydroxyapatite can be made by using material which is rich of CaCO3 like PCC lokan calm shell with a composition of 99.45% CaCO3. PCC lokan calm shell which has calcium source was synthesized to HAp by hydrothermal process with varied times of the reaction (12 hours, 16 hours, 20 hours) and reaction temperature (140oC, 160oC, 180oC).HAp synthesized result has been analyzed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of FTIR analysis, synthesisof Hap with hydrothermal method through precipitated calcium carbonat (PCC)showedthe formation of hydroxyapatite in the presence of peaks PO43- dan OH-.The highest peakis obtained at reaction temperature 140oC at reaction times of, 12 hours, 16 hours, 20 hours. XRD diffraction results in hydroxyapatite get the highest purity obtained at temperature of 140oCat time of 20 hour with a hexagonal crystal structure. The results of SEM-EDX analysis, show that the morphological form of agglomerates or clumping . The molar ratio of Ca / P of hydroxyapatite which is made from seashells waste through the PCC is 1,58.Keywords: PCC Lokan Calm Shell, pH, Temperature, Hydroxyapatite, Hydrothermal Method.
Perancangan Mesin Pengupas Buah Pinang Berbasiskan Metode Quality Function Deployment (Qfd) Angga Pranata; Yohanes Yohanes; Satriardi Satriardi
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Areca peeler machine design is one of the processes to increase productivity. Areca stripping process is generally done manually, ie by spliting and dried until the Areca is actually already dry. Areca peeler machine design is intended to facilitate farmers in processing agricultural products Areca so as to increase production capacity and benefits also increased. Areca peeler machine design using quality function deployment method that aims to get the design that corresponded to the wishes of the community. Customer voice and customer need is obtained from the results of questionnaires. Areca stripping mechanism that is by grinding the areca husks as a result of the round blade, assisted by feeding screw as a conductor of the fruit. Dimensions of Areca peeling machine obtained from anthropometry Indonesia.Keyword : areca, machine parer areca, Quality Function Deployment Method, anthropometric Indonesia
Laju Pendinginan Coolant Ethylene Glycol Pada Mesin Pendingin Type Chiller Untuk Cold Storage Hendrik Syahputra; Azridjal Aziz; Rahmat Iman Mainil
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Refrigeration a necessity in life today's, especially for urban communities. Refrigeration can be in domesticrefrigerators, cold storage, refrigeration of vegetables, fruits, meat, drinks and so on. Vapor compression refrigerationsystem also used in HVAC applications. The aim of this refrigerating cools machine the coolant ethylene glycol so thatthe temperature is below 0°C for cold storage. Coolant ethylene glycol functions as a heat absorber that in cold storage,cold storage cooling at a rate influenced by temperature changes in and out in the cold storage, the greater the heatabsorbed by the coolant ethylene glycol, the greater the cooling rate.Keywords: Cooling machine, cold storage, coolant ethylene glycol, refrigerant
Pengaruh Variasi Kecepatan Putaran Benda Kerja Dan Kedalaman Pemakanan Terhadap Kekarasan Permukaan Proses Gerinda Silinderis Baja AISI 4140 Menggunakan Media Pendingin (Coolant Campuran Minyak Sawit Dan Calcium Hypochlorite) Arief, Dodi Sofyan
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Selection of the appropriate grinding parameters are needed and grinding parameters that affect the quality of surface roughness such as rotation speed grinding machines, the speed of rotation of the workpiece using the coolant medium is coolant mixture is in the form of palm oil additives RBDO with calcium hypochlorite. Coolant mixture is obtained based on the results of research that has been done by Buma in 2014. This study used three variations of round rotation workpieces are low speed (83 rpm), medium speed (194 rpm) and high speed (304 rpm). Likewise with varying depth of cut is 0.005 mm, 0.010 mm, 0.015 mm. This test is a variation on the round grinding machine and workpiece feeds depth very big influence on the surface roughness. In this case can be concluded that the greater the level of rotational speed of the workpiece and the depth of feeds, then the smaller the surface roughness value is in the variation of the rotational speed of the workpiece at a speed of 304 rpm with a depth of 0.015 mm Ingestion is worth 0.84 μm. The lower level of the rotational speed of the workpiece and the depth of feeds, the greater the surface roughness value is in the variation of the rotational speed of the workpiece at a speed of 83 rpm with a depth of 0,005 mm Ingestion is worth 2.43 μm.Keywords: Surface roughness, Grinding machine, Depht of feeds and Depht of cut
Pengaruh Steam Quality Terhadap Produksi Minyak di PT CPI
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Crude oil is one of Earth product that obtained with various process and lifting method up to surface. Crude oil at Duri field PT CPI within into heavy oil, viscous and contain a lot of sand based on it’s characteristic, so that steam injection into reservoir is needed for making oil mobilization to well production easier. The objective of research to learn about effect of steam quality to oil production in Duri area. Research was held by varying steam generator feed water flow rate of 104 gpm and 105 gpm, steam quality variation of 72%, 73% and 74%. Steam quality sample was taken in each steam generator to be counted, then adjustment of burner positioner was needed when steam quality did not achieve. Oil production data was taken after it’s trend shown steady. Result of research were show that steam quality increment from 72% to 73%, average oil production rose up to 68 bopd and from 73% to 74%, rose up to 18 bopd. The highest steam quality effectivity in 73% at steam generator feed water flow rate of 105 gpm and fuel rate of 8550.57 Mscfd, with oil production rate of 5234.34 bopd.Keyword : reservoir, steam generator, steam quality

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