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Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains
Published by Universitas Riau
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Core Subject : Engineering,
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Articles 3,145 Documents
 78   79   80   81   82 
Torefaksi Tandan Kosong Sawit : Pengaruh Kondisi Proses Terhadap Nilai Kalor Produk Torefaksi Al Qohyum Fernando; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Empty fruit bunches can be used as alternative energy source by torrefaction process. Torrefaction is a treatment process of biomass into solid fuel within temperature range of 200-300oC in an inert condition. The aim of this research was to determine the condition of the process to the increase in calorific value torrefaction product. Torrefaction of empty fruit bunch was using fixed bed horizontal reactor with temperature (225-275oC), time (15-45 minutes) and particle size (2-6 cm). Results of the research is the calorific value and the proximate analysis torrefaction products such as moisture content, ash content, volatile content, and the content of fixed carbon. Torrefaction product calorific value in the range 17091,03-20697,13 kJ/kg.Keywords: biomass, empty fruit bunches, solid fuel, torrefaction.
Torefaksi Batang Sawit : Pengaruh Kondisi Proses Terhadap Nilai Kalor Produk Torefaksi Monika Shecilia; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
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Abstract

Oil palm trunk can be used as alternative energy source by torrefaction process. Torrefaction is a treatment process of biomass into solid fuel by heating within temperature range of 200-300oC in an inert environment. This research aims to result solid fuel from oil palm trunk through torrefaction, to study the effect of process variabel interaction and to study the characteristic of solid fuel resulted. Torrefaction of oil palm trunk was using fixed bed horizontal reactor with temperature (225-275oC), time (15-45 minutes) and nitrogen flow rate (50-150 ml/min). Responses resulted was calorific value and the result obtained for calorific value was 17.908 – 21.800 kJ/kg. The most affecting factor significantly towards the responses was temperature of torrefaction that followed by time and nitrogen flow rate. In optimum condition (temperature of 240,53°C for 15 minutes with nitrogen flow rate of 50 ml/menit) was obtained the optimum value of response for calorific value by 19.180,54 kJ/kg.Keywords: oil palm trunk, response surface methodology, solid fuel, torrefaction.
Optimasi Pembuatan Tricalcium Phospate (TCP) Berpori Dengan Metode Protein Foaming-Starch Consolidation Menggunakan Analisa Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Adi Maulana Putra; Ahmad Fadli; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
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Abstract

Porous Tricalcium phosphate is a material that can be used as bone substitute. Protein foaming-starch consolidation method is a technique to produce Porous Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP) using yolk as an agent to form pore. This research aims to know the influence of slurry composition and temperature rising rate of sintering on physical, chemical and mechanical properties of porous TCP and to conduct characterization porous TCP in accordance with standard as synthetic bone graft. This research was begun with mixing the TCP powder, starch, Darvan 821A and yolk. Slurry was stirred mechanically in speed of 150 rpm for 3 hours. Slurry was poured in mold and heated in oven with the temperature of 180°C for an hour. Then sample was released from mold and burnt at 600°C ended by sintering at 1100°C for an hour. The result was porous TCP with porousity of 73,7-79,30%, density of 0,65-0,83 g/cm3 and compressive strength of 1,88-2,4 Mpa. Significance level between variables can be seen from pvalue < 0,05 and lack of fit > 0,05 which show that model was corresponding toward the result. R2 obtained were Y1 = 89,68%, Y2 = 89,69%, Y3 = 89,06%. The most affecting factor significantly towards all the responses was dispersant addition that followed by starch addition and temperature rising rate of sintering. In optimum condition (dispersant addition of 8,09 gr with starch addition of 9 gr and temperature rising rate of sintering of 1°C/minute) was obtained the optimum value of response for porosity by 75,7378%, density by 0,76gr/cm3 and compressive strength 2,16 Mpa.Keywords : tricalcium phophate, yolk, porosity, density, compressive strength
Pembuatan Keramik Berpori Berbahan Baku Tricalcium Phospate Dengan Metode Protein Foaming-Starch Consolidation Pratama, Teddy; Fadli, Ahmad; Helwani, Zuchra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Porous Tricalciumphosphate (TCP) is a synthetic material that can be used as bone implant. Porous TCP production can be conducted by Protein Foaming-Starch Consolidation method that using yolk as an agent to form pore. This research aims to study the influence of process variables i.e time of sintering (1-3 hours), time of burning (1-3 hours) and mixing rate (100-200 rpm) toward physical, chemical and mechanical properties of porous TCP using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) also characteristic porous TCP. Analyzed respons were porosity, density and compressive strength. Product characteristic of TCP resulted of porousity was 69.71-81.88%, density was 0.569-0.951g/cm3 and compressive strength was 1.05-1.85 MPa. Data processing using second order model obviously seen from significant curvature. Significance level between variables can be seen from pvalue < 0,05 and lack of fit > 0,05 which show that model was corresponding toward the result. R2 obtained were Y1 = 0.9383%, Y2 = 0.9384% , Y3 = 0.9674%. The most affecting factor significantly towards all the responses was time of sintering that followed by time of burning and mixing rate. Optimum condition was obtained at 3 hours time of sintering , 3 hours time of burning and mixing rate of 100 rpm with the optimum value of response for porosity by 70.56%, density by 0.92 gr/cm3 and compressive strength 1.66 MPa.Keywords : bone implant, protein foaming-starch consolidation, response surface methodology, tricalcium phosphate.
Pembuatan Crude Biodiesel Dari Cpo BER FFA Tinggi Dengan Menggunakan Katalis ZnO Sintesis Martin, Intan Fitra; Helianty, Sri; Yusnimar, Yusnimar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
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Abstract

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that becoming worldwide attention as renewable energy which could replace diesel fuel in compression ignition engines. It can be produced from CPO which has a high free fatty acid through the process called transesterification was catalyzed by zinc oxide (ZnO) catalyst. Heterogeneous catalyst such ZnO was promising candidate which has various advantages such as the easy catalyst separation from the reaction mixture, product purification and the reduction of environment pollutants. The purpose of this research is to synthesis ZnO catalyst by natrium oxalate precipitation. The crude palm oil has free fatty acid as such as 8,36%, so CPO conversion was conducted by esterification then transesterification reactions. The esterification reaction was occured at temperatures 65oC with H2SO4 catalyst as much as 1% w/w of oil. The transesterification reaction was occured at temperatures 65oC; with the molar ratio of crude palm oil to methanol were 1:6, 1:12, 1:18; concentration of ZnO catalysts were 0,3%, 0,4% and 0,5%; reaction time was 60 minutes. ZnO catalyst exhibited good activity in the biodiesel production with the yield of FAME above 98% after 1 hour of reaction with the molar ratio of methanol oil 1:18 and ZnO catalyst concentration of 0.5% w/w of oil. The produced crude biodiesel has density 878,5 kg/m3, viscosity 5,7 mm2/s, flash point 165oC, acid value 0,75 mg-KOH/g-biodiesel and alkyl ester content 97,2%.Keywords : crude biodiesel, crude palm oil, esterification, transesterification, ZnO.
Sintesis Zeolit 4A Dari Abu Limbah Sawit Dengan Variasi Suhu Pembentukan Gel Dan Variasi Volume Natrium Silikat Dengan Natrium Aluminat Nur Asia; Fajril Akbar; Rozanna Sri Irianty
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
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Zeolite 4A is one of the synthetic zeolite which it is used as ion exchange. This zeolite can be synthesized from silica and alumina. In this research, the palm ash is used as source of silica. The purpose of this research is produce the zeolite 4A by using palm ash and getting the best condition of synthesis zeolite 4A. Synthesis of zeolite 4A made by mixing sodium silicate and sodium aluminate with variation of volume at 55:45 and 60:40 mL:mL and variety of gelling temperatures are 60, 70, and 80oC with rate of agitation at 200 rpm. Then the gel formed will be heated in the oven at 80oC for 8 hours and washed it until it’s pH neutral. After that, dried it at 120oC for 3 hours. The synthesis product is analyzed by using spectrophotometry fourier transform infra red (FTIR) and X ray diffraction (XRD). The best conditions of cristalization toproduce the zeolite 4A by using palm ash are temperature at 60oC and variation of volume at 55:45 mL:mL.Keywords : palm ash, spectrophotometry ftir, xrd, zeolite 4A
Konversi Kayu Akasia (Acacia Mangium) Menjadi Bio-Oil Dengan Proses Pirolisis Menggunakan Katalis Ni/Lempung Hardi, Rizka Aulia; Bahri, Syaiful; Amri, Amun
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
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Availability of fossil fuels as a non-renewable energy source has decreased due to the increase of energy consumption. Therefore, it is needed an alternative renewable energy sources, such as conversion of biomass derived from acacia mangium wood. Bio-oil can be produced by pyrolisis of Acacia mangium wood with catalyst Ni/clay. The purpose of this research are to produce bio-oil from acacia wood, to characterize of Ni/clay catalyst, to determine the effect of the impregnation of Ni metal in to clay and ratio of Ni/clay catalyst on the yield of bio-oil and to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of bio-oil. The pyrolysis was used 50 grams acacia wood, 500 ml silinap and Ni/clay catalyst with variations of the percentage of the Ni metal 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, respectively and the variation ratio of Ni/clay catalyst of the biomass 3%, 5% and 7% with a stirring speed of 300 rpm and a temperature of 320ºC for 120 minutes. In this research, the highest yield was on the use of the catalysy Ni/clay 5% by weight of the metal content of 3% by 66,26%. Characterization of physical properties of bio-oil obtained in the form of density 1,004 gr/ml, 1,8452 cSt viscosity, acidity 71,6327 mg NaOH/gr sample, and the flash point 46oC, respectively.Keywords: Bio-oil, Pyrolysis, Catalyst Ni/Clay, Acacia mangium wood
Influence Of Pouring Temperatures To Fluidity Of Aluminium Scrap Cans With Investment Casting Using Natural Clays As Mould Materials Rahmat Rosandi; Dedy Masnur
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
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Abstract

Pekanbaru area produced scrap of beverage cans; an average of 4.5 tons per month by a scrap collector and it will increase every time. The Pekanbaru area also has natural clays, which can be used as mold material for investment casting. Processing of aluminum cans into a product using the natural clays as a mold in investment casting method will add the economic value of aluminum scrap cans. Study of fluidity is necessary to obtain usable information before creating of cast part design. This research aims to investigate the influence of pour temperatures to fluidity for the aluminum scrap cans casting, in natural clays. In this research used the pouring temperature variables: 650oC, 700oC and 750oC. Results showed the fluidity at pour temperatures of 650oC, 700oC, and 750oC approximately of 213.88 mm, 292 mm, and 360.97 mm, respectively. Results also showed that the fluidity was increased as well as increasing the pour temperatures. The fluidity increased 78.12 mm or 36.52% at pour temperatures of 650oC to 700oC, and it increased 68.97mm or 23.62% at pour temperatures of 700oC to 750oC.Keywords: fluidity, temperature, cast aluminum cans
Sintesis Hidroksiapatit Dari Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) Kulit Telur Ayam Ras Melalui Metode Hidrotermal Fadly Sitohang; Yelmida Azis; Zultiniar Zultiniar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
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Hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 is a calcium phosphate compound which is bioactive ceramic material with high bioafinitas and the principal inorganic constituent of bones and teeth. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) materials use as bone implants, adsorbents and catalysts. In this research synthesis of hydroxyapatite can be made by using material which is rich of CaCO3 like PCC chicken’s egg shell with a composition of 99,45% CaCO3. PCC chicken’s egg shell which has calcium source synthesized to HAp by hydrothermal process with variated times of reaction (14 hours; 16 hours; 18 hours) and reaction temperature (130oC, 150oC, 170oC). HAp synthesized results have been analyzed by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of FTIR analysis showed the formation of hydroxyapatite in the presence of peaks PO43- dan OH-. The highest peak obtained at reaction temperature 130oC with reaction time 14 hours and 16 hours. XRD diffraction results in hydroxyapatite got the highest purity obtained at temperature of 130oC at reaction time 14 hours with a hexagonal crystal structures. The results of SEM-EDX analysis showed that the morphology form of HAp was agglomerates or clumping . The molar ratio of Ca / P of hydroxyapatite which is made from chicken’s egg shell through the PCC was 1,69..Keywords : PCC Chicken’s Eggs Shell, pH, Temperature, Hydroxyapatite, Hydrothermal Method.
Pengujian Katalis ZnO Presipitan Zink Karbonat Pada Transesterifikasi CPO FFA Tinggi Desadria, Renny; Yusnimar, Yusnimar; Helianty, Sri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
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Abstract

Crude palm oil (CPO) with a free fatty acid content (ALB) high crude can be processed into biodiesel. At present, various types of catalysts have been investigated for the process of making biodiesel from vegetable oils that have high levels of ALB, which of one is ZnO. This study aims to synthesis ZnO catalyst of precipitant ZnCO3 and is used as a catalyst in the process tranesterifikasi crude oil into biodiesel. The catalyst that has recycle synthesized and analyzed by FTIR, and the results compared with the FTIR spectrum of ZnO (Merck). Based on the results of FTIR analysis, synthesis catalyst ZnO fresh and ZnO catalyst which has been recycle the spectrum as the spectrum of ZnO p.a (Merck). After ZnO catalyst used, the catalyst in the recycle and reuse of the reaction to determine reusability ZnO catalyst in crude yield of biodiesel produced. Based on the results of the study, 90.78% yield crude biodiesel obtained from the reaction using fresh ZnO catalyst, crude biodiesel yield 85.46% for the reaction using ZnO catalyst which has been in the recycle first, crude biodiesel yield 75.67% and 70.98 % for reactions using ZnO catalyst which has been in the recycle second and third times. Biodiesel produced has a density of 870.51 to 887.58 kg / m3, kinematic viscosity of 5.76 to 5.77 mm2 / s, the flash point of 143-170 ° C, acid number 0.76 -0.79 mg-KOH / g -biodiesel and alkyl ester content of 96.54 to 96.67%. Keywords : crude biodiesel, characterization of ZnO, crude palm oil (CPO), FTIR spectrum, recycle, transesterification.

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