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Eksergi: Chemical Engineering Journal
Published by Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta
ISSN : 1410394X     EISSN : 24608203     DOI : https://doi.org/10.31315
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Eksergi is an open-access, peer-reviewed scientific journal that focuses on research and innovation in the fields of energy and renewable energy. The journal aims to provide a platform for scientists, researchers, engineers, and practitioners to share knowledge and advancements that contribute to sustainable development and energy transition. In addition to energy topics, the journal also accepts high-quality manuscripts related to, but not limited to, the following areas: Separation processes Bioprocesses related to food, energy, and environmental applications Wastewater treatment and resource recovery Process optimization and intensification Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) Chemical reaction engineering and reactor design Life cycle assessment (LCA) and sustainability evaluation Process Design and Control Engineering Process Simulations Process System Engineering The journal welcomes original research articles, reviews, and short communications that demonstrate novelty, scientific rigor, and relevance to chemical engineering and interdisciplinary applications.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Energi Terbarukan, Keberlanjutan dan Lingkungan
Articles 298 Documents
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Pengaruh Limbah Industri Batik Menggunakan Pewarna Alami dari Desa Wukirsari terhadap Viabilitas Bakteri Tanah Yanisworo Wijaya Ratih
Eksergi Vol 13, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v13i2.1919

Abstract

Industri batik menggunakan pewarna alami sedang berkembang. Pewarna alami diperoleh dengan melakukan ekstraksi pada beberapa tanaman seperti jolawe (Terminalia bellirica), mahoni (Swieteniamacrophylla mahoni) dan indigo (Indigofera tinctoria). Beberapa tanaman penghasil pewarna alami sering digunakan sebagai antibiotik alami karena mampu menghambat pertumbuhan mikrobia. Kemampuan senyawa tersebut menghambat pertumbuhan mikrobia perlu diwaspadai karena ada kemungkinan bahwa paparannya dalam tanah dapat mengurangi populasi mikrobia. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh limbah industri batik pewarna alami terhadap viabilitas bakteri tanah. Pengujian viabilitas sel dilakukan dengan mengamati pertumbuhan bakteri total, penambat nitrogen dan pelarut fosfat dalam tanah yang ditambah dengan masing-masing limbah jolawe, indigo, mahoni dan limbah pewarna campuran. Limbah dan tanah yang digunakan berasal dari desa Wukirsari, Imogiri, Kabupaten Bantul, DIY. Dilakukan pula karakterisasi terhadap limbah dan tanah yang digunakan. Parameter utama yang diamati meliputi jumlah sel bakteri total, penambat nitrogen dan pelarut fosfat, pH, serta kadar fenolik dan flavonoid. Jumlah bakteri total, penambat nitrogen dan pelarut fosfat diamati dengan metode taburan berturut-turut dalam media  nutrien agar, Jensen’s dan Pikovskaya, sedangkan fenolik dan flavonoid dianalisis menggunakan metode spetrofotometrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa limbah meningkatkan pH tanah dari 5 menjadi 6,7. Kadar flavonoid dan fenolik limbah berturut-turut berkisar antara 0,14% sampai dengan 0,70% dan 0,18% sampai dengan 1,76%. Viabilitas sel bakteri tidak dipengaruhi oleh kadar flavonoid dan fenolik limbah. Pada umumnya limbah batik pewarna alami tidak menurunkan viabilitas bakteri tanah.
Biodiesel dari Minyak Goreng Sawit Bekas dengan Katalis Heterogen CaO: Studi Penentuan Rasio Mol Minyak/Metanol dan Waktu Reaksi Optimum Haryono Haryono; Iman Rahayu; Yati B. Yulyati
Eksergi Vol 13, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v13i1.1413

Abstract

Keterbatasan daya dukung bahan bakar fosil terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan energi yang berkelanjutan dan ramah lingkungan, telah mengarahkan masyarakat pada upaya-upaya untuk menemukan dan mengembangkan sumber-sumber energi alternatif yang bersifat baru dan terbarukan. Salah satunya jenis energi terbarukan tersebut adalah biodiesel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis biodiesel dengan memanfaatkan limbah minyak goreng sawit bekas. Penelitian dikhususkan pada penentuan rasio mol minyak/metanol dan waktu reaksi transesterifikasi dengan katalis basa heterogen CaO. Rasio mol minyak/metanol dipelajari pada variasi 1/5, 1/10, 1/15, dan 1/20. Sedangkan waktu reaksi divariasikan selama 1, 1,5, 2, 2,5, dan 3 jam. Reaksi dilakukan pada suhu 65oC dan kadar katalis CaO sebanyak 3%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum reaksi dicapai pada saat sintesis biodiesel dilakukan pada rasio mol minyak/metanol sebesar 1/15 dengan lama reaksi 2,5 jam. Pada kondisi reaksi tersebut diperoleh biodiesel dengan beberapa parameter kualitas yang diuji telah sesuai dengan SNI untuk Biodiesel (SNI-04-7182-2006), yaitu: densitas 0,867 g/cm3, viskositas 5,28 mm2/s (pada suhu 40oC), titik kilat 182oC, angka asam 0,28 mg KOH/g, gliserol bebas 0,014%, gliserol total 0,10%, kadar ester 97,8%, dan angka iod 31,62%, serta yield biodiesel sebesar 86,0%.
Perbaikan Mutu Bodi Keramik Lempung Pundong Dengan Penambahan Pecahan Kaca Lampu Neon Bekas Abdullah Kuntaarsa
Eksergi Vol 14, No 2 (2017): Eksergi Volume 14 No 2 2017
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v14i2.2149

Abstract

Optimization of the Citronellal Synthesis Process from Cymbopogon winterianus Assisted by Microwave using Methanol and N-Hexan Solvent Harianingsih, Harianingsih
Eksergi Vol 15, No 1 (2018): Vol 15, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v15i1.2227

Abstract

ABSTRAK: Proses ekstraksi minyak atsiri menjadi penting diperhatikan untuk menghasilkan rendemen yang lebih tinggi. Ekstraksi minyak sereh wangi yang biasa dilakukan adalah dengan maerasi, destilasi fraksinasi bertingkat, soxhlet dan proses konvensional lainnya. Hasil ekstrak dari minyak sereh wangi dengan komponen paling tinggi adalah sitronelal yaitu 35%. Sitronelal bermanfaat untuk pembuatan parfum, aerosol, detergen dan masih banyak yang lainnya. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan sintesis sitronelal dari sereh wangi menggunakan ekstraksi dengan bantuan gelombang mikro. Alat ekstraktor dibuat dengan memodifikasi alat ekstraktor berupa microwave yang diberi labu alas bulat sebagai media untuk bahan sereh wangi dan pelarut metanol dan n-heksan. Variabel yang berpengaruh antara lain waktu dan volume pelarut. Waktu yang digunakan 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 menit, daya sebesar 10, 20, 30, 50 W dan variasi volume pelarut metanol sebanyak 50, 100, 150 dan 200 ml.  Hasil penelitian diperoleh dengan waktu yang singkat dengan variabel beda daya diperoleh dalam waktu 5 menit diperoleh ekstrak sitronelal sebesar 30,1%. Pada volume yang rendah 50 ml diperoleh ekstrak sitronelal sebanyak 32,5%. Hasil perolehan sintesis sitronelal menggunakan bantuan gelombang mikro dan pelarut etanol ini lebih kecil dibandingkan ekstraksi evaporasi yang dapat mengekstrak sitronelal hingga mencapai 36%.Kata Kunci: ekstraksi; gelombang mikro; sitronelal ABSTRACT: The process of extracting essential oils is important to note in order to produce a higher yield. The extraction of citronella oil is commonly done with maerasi, stratified fractionation distillation, soxhlet and other conventional processes. The extract from citronella oil with the highest component was citronellal which was 35%. Sitronelal is useful for making perfumes, aerosols, detergents and many others. In this study, citronellal synthesis of citronella was done using microwave extraction. The extractor is made by modifying the extractor in the form of a microwave which is given a round bottom flask as a medium for the ingredients of citronella with metanol and n-hexan solvent. The variables that influence include time and volume of solvent. Time used 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 min, power 10, 20, 30, 50 W and variation of methanol solvent volume of 50, 100, 150 and 200 ml. The results obtained with a short time with variable power difference obtained within 5 minutes obtained 30 cm of sitronelal extract. At a low volume of 50 ml citronellal extract obtained as much as 32.5%. The result of citronellal synthesis using microwaves and ethanol solvent is smaller than evaporative extraction which can extract citronellal up to 36%.Keywords: extraction; microwave; citronellal
Effect of Clay Content in Sulfonated Poly-Ether–Ether Ketone (sPEEK) on Methanol Permeability via Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Membrane Arief Rahman Hakim
Eksergi Vol 15, No 1 (2018): Vol 15, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v15i1.2236

Abstract

Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) adalah sel pembangkit listrik yang menggunakan membran elektrolit sebagai sarana transportasi hidrogen/proton. Membran yang banyak digunakan adalah Nafion. Akan tetapi NafionÒmemiliki masalah metanol crossover, tidak tahan terhadap suhu tinggi dan harganya mahal. Pada penelitian ini difokuskan pada pembuatan membran pengganti Nafion untuk aplikasi DMFC. Membran yang digunakan untuk DMFC adalah dari jenis PEEK. Membran PEEK telah dimodifikasi dengan menggunakan proses sulfonasi pada suhu 60oC selama 3 jam dan ditambahkan clay sebagai filler dalam pelarut n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Karakteristik membran dapat dilihat dari morfologi membran, struktur membran, permeabilitas metanol, konduktivitas proton. Hasil penelitian menunjukan dengan sulfonasi 60oC selama 3 jam dianggap sebagai kondisi optimum pada penelitian sebelumnya, dengan penambahan clay 1%, 3%, 5% wt, penambahan sebanyak 1% dianggap sebagai penambahan optimum, menghasilkan konduktifitas 2.02E-03 S/cm, swelling 51.85% (air) 52.74% (metanol), permeabilitas 1,2E-05 cm2/s (refraktometer)1.5E-05 cm2/s (kurva kalibrasi), pengujian dan perhitungan permeabilitas dengan menggunakan 2 cara, yaitu refraktometer dan kurva kalibrasi hasilnya tidak jauh berbeda, sehingga kedua cara tersebut dapat digunakan, sehingga komposit sPEEK-Clay dengan penambahan 1% Clay yang optimum dapat digunakan untuk membrane pada DMFC. Keywords: 
Bioethanol Production From Green Algae Spirogyra sp Danang Jaya; Rahayu Setiyaningtyas; Sudiyono Prasetyo
Eksergi Vol 15, No 1 (2018): Vol 15, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v15i1.2290

Abstract

Bioethanol is an alternative fuel that has potential to replace the oil fuel. The bioethanol feedstock can be derived from the green algae Spirogyra sp that is rarely exploited. High carbohydrates content in the Spirogyra sp algae is highly potential to be developed into ethanol through chemical and biological processes. This research is done through several stages: preparation of raw material, hydrolysis using sulfuric acid 0,2 M, and fermentation using Saccharomyses cerevisiae in an anaerob condition. The objective of this study is to find out the optimum reaction time and optimum quantity of Saccharomyses cerevisiae in the fermentation process. Variations of reaction time and yeast quantity are applied; those are 3, 4, 5 and 6 days for reaction time, and 0,5%; 0,75%; 1%; 1,25%; 1,5%; and 1,75% for yeast quantity. The stoichiometric calculation is used to analyse the result of this experiment. The result shows that the optimum duration for the fermentation is 5 days and the optimum quantity of yeast is 1% by weight. The condition of fermentation process must be held in pH of 4,5 and temperature of 30oC. The produced alcohol in those condition is 0,0613 mol.
Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah dengan Bantuan Gelombang Ultrasonik Sri Wahyu Murni; Latifah Nurrahmaningsih; Punden Fitrianti; Alex Sando; Jefry Roy James
Eksergi Vol 15, No 1 (2018): Vol 15, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v15i1.2291

Abstract

In this research, the effect of ultrasonic on the transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil to biodiesel is studied. The biodiesel production from waste cooking oil is conducted in two process stages. All reactions are conducted with the ultrasonic power of 750 watt and frequency of 20 kHz. The first stage is the esterification process that aims to reduce the free fatty acid (FFA) contents using acid catalyst. The esterification reaction is carried out in certain condition. The second stage is the production of biodiesel through transesterification using alkaline catalyst. The parameters being studied are the effect temperature and ultrasonic amplitude to the transesterification reaction. The results shows that the FFA content can be reduced to 0,77% using sulfuric acid catalyst 1% by weight of oil, methanol to oil ratio of 6:1 and a reaction time of 60 minutes. Then, the oil is converted into biodiesel using KOH catalyst. The obtained conversion is 83% with the catalyst amount of 1% by weight of oil, methanol to oil ratio of 6:1, frequency of 20 kHz, amplitude of 50%, temperature of 60oC and reaction time of 40 minutes. The biodiesel has a density of 879 kg /m3 , 5,67 cst of viscosity, flash point of 158oC, pour point of 16oC, water content 0,0642% and caloric value 8521,1 kkal/kg.
Degradasi Limbah Zat Warna Direk Dengan Metode Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) Kombinasi H2O2/MnO2 dengan Parameter Uji BOD, COD dan pH Venitalitya Alethea Sari Augustia; Inggit Dwi Lestari; Maulita Dian Rani
Eksergi Vol 15, No 1 (2018): Vol 15, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v15i1.2249

Abstract

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) method has been applied and is growing in number of textile wastewater treatment. Textile industries are commonly using synthetic dyes in the dyeing process and will produce coloured-wastewater that is still contain of organic compound and is hard to be degraded. One of most frequently used synthetic dyes in textile industries is direct dyes. Direct dyes wastewater consists of azo bound whereby difficult to eliminate the colour and the concentration itself, thus an appropriate treatment such as AOPs is considered. The AOPs process to degrade direct dyes wastewater in this research uses a combination of H2O2 with catalyst MnO2. Parameter variation that carried out, are the variation of the ratio of wastewater and H2O2 volume, namely 1:1; 2:1 and 1:2. Whilst the using of mass of catalyst MnO2 is 1 g for each sample variation, namely 1 g for 250 ml and 500 ml H2O2. The results obtained after the BOD, COD and pH tests, are 230 mg/l, 784 mg/l and 5,26 respectively. This result is showed by the sample with variation 2:1 which is delivering the lowest values of BOD, COD and pH amongst the three sample variations mentioned
EKSTRAKSI MINYAK KULIT BIJI METE DARI LIMBAH KULIT BIJI JAMBU METE (Anacardium occidentale) DENGAN ALAT ULTRASONIC CLEANING BATH Wara Dyah Pita Rengga; Dwi - Hartanto; Bayu Tri Wibowo; Mohammad Setiawan
Eksergi Vol 16, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v0i0.1969

Abstract

Cashew shell waste can be utilized as a raw material for one of the tile paint and brake oil industries. The conventional extraction process mostly provides less mass transfer, so the extraction process is slow and not maximal. Excessive amounts of solvents are often used but make the process expensive and pollute the environment. The right solution in extracting is with the help of ultrasonic. This study aims to obtain an optimization of cashew oil extraction process using ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 42 kHz. The effect studied was the ratio of cashew powder to n-hexane solvents and extraction time. The surface response method with the design of Central Composite Design was used to obtain a mathematical model that illustrates the relationship between the yield of cashew shell oil to the ratio and time of extraction. The results showed that the optimum condition of cashew nut oil extraction in the comparison composition of cashew skin powder against n-hexane solvent was 1: 3.25 (g / g) for 90 minutes with a yield of 36.15%. Cashew skin oil contains anacardic acid, cardanol, and other phenol compounds.
Environmental Impacts Evaluation of Sorbitol Production from Glucose Rifkah Akmalina
Eksergi Vol 16, No 1 (2019): Vol.16 No.1 (2019)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v0i0.2695

Abstract

A life cycle assessment (LCA) has been performed on sorbitol production from glucose, which aims to quantify and evaluate the environmental impacts that produced from the process. SuperPro Designer software was employed to perform the process simulation, while SimaPro was used to quantify the LCA.Potency of global warming, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical oxidants creation, abiotic depletion, and ozone layer depletion were evaluated. A gate-to-gate LCA study of sorbitol production showed that global warming potential (GWP) had the largest impact to environment with the value of 3.551 kg CO2 eq/kg sorbitol. Glucose and electricity consumption were known as two major contributors to GWP, and hydrogen reactor was the main consumer of electricity. The use of glucose were responsible for more than 50% of total environmentalimpact in each category. Performing heat integration in sorbitol processing is highly recommended for gate-togate system to reduce energy demand, thus decreasing the environmental impacts. Therefore, this LCA study may be applied to perform a sustainable improvement on sorbitol production process.Keywords: sorbitol; life cycle assessment; global warming potential

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