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Nexus Biomedika
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
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Articles 292 Documents
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Hepatoprotective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Pegagan Leaves (Centella asiatica L. Urban) on Histological Damage of Hepatocyte on Mice Model induced by Parasetamol Putri, Naila Shofwati; ., Suyatmi; Febrinasari, Ratih Puspita
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Pegagan leaves (Centella asiatica L. Urban) contain antioxidative compounds that can protect hepatocytes from free radicals. The aim of this research was to know the hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of pegagan leaves (Centella asiatica L. Urban) on histological damage of hepatocyte on mice model induced by paracetamol. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory with the post test only control group design. Samples were 30 male Swiss webster mice, with 2-3 months old and ± 20 gr body weight divided into 5 groups equally. KN and KI were given distilled water for 14 days. In addition, KI was also given paracetamol in dose 5.07 mg/20 gbw on the 12th, 13th, 14th day. KP1, KP2, and KP3 were given ethanolic extract of pegagan leaves in dose 5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg per 20 gbw respectively for 14 days and paracetamol in dose 5.07 mg per 20 gbw on the 12th, 13th, 14th day. On the 15th day, mice were sacrificed and their livers were taken for preparation with paraffin block method and stained with HE. The features of histological damage of hepatocyte were assessed by counting the numbers of nucleus damage of hepotocyte (pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis) of 100 cells in the sentrolobular zone. The data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA test and Post Hoc LSD test. Results: The means of histological damage of hepatocyte were 16.08 ± 5.160; 66.00 ± 3.275; 44.58 ± 5.583; 31.67 ± 2.188; 26.17 ± 3.810 for KN, KI, KP1, KP2, KP3 respectively. The result of One-Way ANOVA test was *p = 0.000. The result of Post Hoc LSD test showed a  significant difference between five groups, *p = 0.000 for KN-KI, KN-KP1, KN-KP2, KN-KP3, KI-KP1, KI-KP2, KI-KP3, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3 and *p = 0.002 for KP2-KP3. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of pegagan leaves can prevent histological damage of hepatocyte on mice model induced by paracetamol. Keywords: ethanolic extract of pegagan leaves, paracetamol, histological damage of hepatocyte  
The Effect of Granules of Spring Onion’s Extract (Allium fistulosum L.) to the Mortality of Anopheles aconitus Larvae Saputra, Riko; Haryati, Sri; Wicaksono, Bagus
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Nowadays the prevalence of malaria in Indonesia is still high. Anopheles aconitus is one of the vector of malaria. Insecticide is a way which government uses  to kill the Anopheles aconitus mosquitoes, but it can cause the resistence of the mosquitoes, because of that we need an alternative way to kill them, and we can use larvacide to kill the Anopheles aconitus larvae. Spring Onion contains substances that can be larvacide, so the researcher wanted to prove that granules of Spring Onion’s extract had effects to kill the Anopheles aconitus larvae. Methods:This research used laboratory experimental design with post test only control group design. The subject of this research was Anopheles aconitus larvae that were divided into 7 groups, each group contained 25 larvae and the research was repeated in 4 times. For the negative control group we used 100 ml water. The other six groups contained a different number of granules of Spring Onion’s extract; they were 850 mg, 1000 mg, 1150 mg, 1300 mg, 1450 mg, and 1600 mg. The observation was held after 24 hours, then, the number of dead larvae was counted. The data were analyzed using Linear Regression and Probit test. Results:Linear Regression test showed that the R correlation score was 0.984 and R2 score was 0.969, this meant that the effect of the number of granules of the Spring Onion’s extract to kill larvaes was 96.9% and the rest 3.1% was effected by the others variables. Probit test showed LC50 (Lethal Concentration) was 820.573 mg and LC99 was 1671.886 mg. Conclusion:There is effect of granules of Spring Onion’s extract to the mortality of Anopheles aconitus larvae. The LC50 is 820.573 mg and the LC99 is 1671.886 mg, while the effect of the number of granules to influence is R2: 96.9% and the correlation between the number of granules and mortality is R: 0.984. Keyword: granules, Spring Onion’s extract, Anopheles aconitus larvae, mortality
The Effect of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) Fruit Juice on Renal Cell Histological Damage of Mice Induced by Rhodamine B Najmi, Dea Saufika; Suparyanti, Endang Listyaningsih; Sari, Yulia
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background:Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) contains many antioxidant phytochemicals such as vitamin C, anthocyanins and ellagic acid that may exhibit significant protection of kidney cells from free radicals. In present study, Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) fruit juice was evaluated for its nephroprotector effect on mice renal damage induced by Rhodamine B. Methods:This research was an experimental laboratory study with the posttest only controlled group design. Samples were 28 male mice, Swiss webster type, 2-3 months old and ± 20 g of each weight. Samples were divided into 4 groups of 7 mice each. This research used consecutive sampling. Strawberry juice was given for 16 days in a row, while Rhodamine B (0.2 ml/20 gr of mice body weight) was given on 10th to 16th day. Negative Control Group (KK-) was given distilled water only. Positive Control Group (KK+) was given Rhodamine B. First Treatmennt Group (KP1) and Second Treatment Group (KP2) were  given 0.4 ml and 0.8 ml of Strawberry fruit juice per 20 gr of mice body weight and Rhodamine B. On the 17th day, mice were sacrificed by neck dislocation. After that, the kidney was dissected out and made for preparation with paraffin block method and stained with Hematoxilin Eosin (HE). The score of renal cells damage was determined by pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis. The data were analyzed with One-Way ANOVA test (α = 0.05) and Least Significant Differences (LSD) test (α = 0.05). Results:The result of One-Way ANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference in score of renal cells (p < 0.05). LSD test showed a significant difference in score of renal cells (p < 0.05) across all pair groups. Conclusions:Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) fruit juice showed nephroprotector effect against renal cell histological damage in mice induced by Rhodamine B. Keywords:Strawberry fruit juice, Rhodamine B, renal cell histological damage.
The Protection Effect of Centella asiatica L.Urban extract on the Kidney Histological Structure of Mice (Mus musculus ) induced by toxic doses of paracetamol Sakti, Berlian Permata; ., Muthmainah; Febrinasari, Ratih Puspita
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Centella asiatica L.Urban contains antioxidant compounds such as triterpenoid, essential oil and flavonoid. The compounds have significant activities to reduce oxidative stress that can make damage of kidney cells. This study aimed to investigate protection effect of Centella asiatica L.Urban extract on the kidney histological structure of mice (Mus musculus ) induced by toxic doses of paracetamol. Method: This study was an experimental laboratory research. Samples were 30 mice, Swiss webster type, 2-3 weeks old and ± 20 grams of weight. Samples were divided into 5 groups, each group consisted of 6 mice (Mus musculus). The control group (KK) was given no treatment, just regular feed. Induction group (KI) was induced by paracetamol but did not get any treatment, just got distilled water. KP1, KP2, and KP3 groups induced by paracetamol got treatment with Centella asiatica L.Urban extract at a dose of 5 mg, 10 mg and 20 mg per 20 gram of body weight. Kidney histological damage were assessed by the sum of the cell nucleus pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc multiple comparison test. Result: The ANOVA test for all groups showed that p value was 0.000 (p < 0.05). The post hoc multiple comparisons test showed the significant differences between group KK-KI, KK-KP1, KK-KP2, KK-KP3, KI-KP1, KI-KP2, KI-KP3, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3, and KP2-KP3. Conclusion: Centella asiatica L.Urban extract has a protection effect to kidney histological structure of mice (Mus musculus) induced by paracetamol. Keyword : Centella asiatica L.Urban, paracetamol, kidney damage.
The Effects of Propolis Ethanol Extract on The Decreasing Number of The Mouse’s Spermatids Induced by Cigarette’s Smoke Sutikno, Mugi Tri; Muthmainah, .; Pesik, Riza Novierta
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background:The propolis ethanol extract contains flavonoid, terpenoid, Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE), vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E which are potential for being antioxidant to protect the spermatids from the danger of free radical. The aims of this research were to know the effects of propolis ethanol extract on the decreasing number of the mouse’s spermatids induced by cigarette’s smoke and to know the effect of dosage raising level of the propolis ethanol extract towards the research subject. Methods:This research was a laboratory experiment using the posttest only controlled group design. The sampels were 25 Swiss Webster mice (age around 2-3 months and approximately 20 grams of weight). They were classified into 5 groups which consisted of 5 mice in each group. KK group was without any intervention. KI group was only induced by the cigarette’s smoke. KP1, KP2  and KP3, all were induced by the cigarette’s smoke and in a row, got 5.6 mg (dosage level I), 11.2 mg (dosage level II) and 16.8 mg (dosage level III) of propolis ethanol extract. These interventions were done for two weeks. The decreasing number of spermatids was counted through the inspection under microscope and counting of five chosen rounded-looks seminiferous tubules. The data were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA test and Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons test. Results:The result of One-way ANOVA p = 0.000 (p < α) showed differences between each research groups. The Post Hoc test of the spermatid’s number showed significant differences between KK-KI, KK-KP1, KK-KP2, KK-KP3, KI-KP1, KI-KP2, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3, KP2 -KP3 groups but KI and KP3 wasn’t. Conclusions:The propolis ethanolic extract can inhibit the decreasing number of the mouse’s spermatids which is induced by cigarette’s smoke and the raising dosage from 5.6 mg to 11.2 mg is the succeeded dosage to inhibit the decreasing number of the spermatids. Keywords: propolis ethanol extract, spermatid, mouse, cigarette’s smoke.
The Correlation between Estimation of Cranial Capacity and Working Memory Capacity in Elementary Students in Surakarta Sari, Reza Yunita; Wiyono, Nanang; Iryawan, Andri
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: In children, the increasing of cranial capacity and the maturation of working memory capacity happen. The increasing of cranial capacity is driven by the growth of brain. The growth and the maturation of brain will influence someone’s intelligence. The working memory capacity is one of the most important domains of intelligence. This research aimed to determine the correlation  between the estimation of cranial capacity and the working memory capacity. Methods: This research was a descriptive analytical study which used cross sectional approach. The subjects of this study were 5th grade students at Kristen Manahan Elementary School. This research was done in 36 males of students by measuring cranial capacity and doing Reading Span Test for measuring working memory capacity. The collected data were analyzed with the Saphiro Wilk Normality Test and the Pearson Correlation. Results: The result of analysis showed r = 0.367 and p = 0.027, which meant that there was weak-powered correlation between the estimation of cranial capacity and the working memory capacity in the elementary students in Surakarta and this correlation was statistically significant. Conclusions: From this research, it is concluded that there is statistically significant correlation between the estimation of cranial capacity and the working memory capacity in the elementary students in Surakarta (r = 0.367). Keywords: Estimation of cranial capacity; working memory capacity; elementary student
The Effect of Propolis’ Ethanolic Extract on Serum Malondialdehyde level of mice Balb/c induced by cigarette smoke Putra, Riyan Angga; Prasetyo, Diding Heri; Pesik, Riza Novierta
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Propolis ethanolic extract contains many kind of potent antioxidant substances, such as resveratrol, chrysin  and  caffeic  acid  in abundant quantities. These cause Propolis owns prosperity to be antioxidant and antiinflamation agent which are able to fight against free radical effect of cigarette smoke, thus lipid peroxidation wont exist and the Malondialdehyde (MDA) formation can be banned.  The objective of this research was to prove the effect of Propolis ethanolic extract on serum MDA level of mice balb/c which were induced by cigarette smoke. Methods: This was a laboratory experimental research the post test only control group design. Samples were twenty five mice, Swiss webster type (age 6-8 weeks; weight 20-30 gram) divided into 5 groups, each group had five mice. Mice for Control Group (KK) and Induction Group (KI) were administered by distilled water. While, the First Treatment Group (KP1), the Second Treatment Group (KP2) and the Third Treatment Group (KP3) were administered Propolis ethanol extract by dose 5.6 mg, 11.2 mg and 16.8 mg per 20 g of body weight of mice respectively. All groups except KK, were induced by smoke of one cigarette stick per day before extract administration. This research was done for 14 days. On day 15th, all mice were sucked the blood, then the MDA level were measured. The data were analyzed by using One-Way ANOVA (α = 0.05) and continued by Post Hoc test (α = 0.05). Results: The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed that there was significant difference among four-groups. Post Hoc test results showed there was significant difference among all groups. Conclusion: The administration of Propolis ethanolic extract of dose 5.6 mg/20 g of body weight of mice can decrease the serum malondialdehyde level of mice Balb/c which are induced by cigarette smoke significantly. Keywords: Propolis, Cigarette smoke, Malondialdehid level
The Effect of Soy Bean (Glycine max) to mice (Mus musculus) Renal Cell’s Histophatology Induced with Reused Palm Oil prabowo, miftah nurizzahid; Listyaningsih, Endang; Afifah, Zulaika Nur
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 2 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: The reused palm oil is usually used by people to cook especially for cooking food. In the society the palm oil is usually used by deep frying method.  This methode usually destroys the chemical chain in the palm oil.As results from this deep frying methode many toxic and free radical are formed, this can be dangerous for human body. Soy bean (Glycine max) one of food that contains fitoestrogen and the descents isoflavon. The isoflavone will protect human body from free radicals and has antiinflammatory actitivity. Method: This study was an experimental laboratory using the posttest only controlled group design. The sample used 27 mice, 8-10 weeks old and weights ± 20 g. Samples were divided into 4 groups. Group of KKand KP1, in order, was only given distilled water and 0.06 ml of reused palm oil in addition to distilled waterfor 14 days. whilegroup of KP2 and KP3 was respectively given soy bean powder at a dose of 5.6 mg and 11.2 mg per 20 g of body weight each of mice alongside with 0.06 ml of reused palm oil and distilled water for 14 days. On 15th day, samples were sacrificed to be made preparations of left and right kidney by methode of parafin block and HE staining. The number of tubule proximal cell was calculated based on quantifying of pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal Walis test (α = 0.05) and continued with Mann-Whitney test (α = 0.05). Result: : The Kruskal Wallis test showed that there was significant difference between the four groups. Mann-Whitney test showed there was significant difference between groups of KK-KP1, KK-KP2, KK-KP3, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3, and KP2-KP3. Conclusion: Soy bean (Glycine max.) can prevent the renal cell damage of mice which are induced by reused palm oil and the increase of soy bean dosage can increase protection effect to renal cell damage of mice which are induced by reused palm oil. Keywords: soy bean, reused palm oil, the renal cell damage
Hepatoprotector effect of Sesbania grandiflora L flower’s extract to Liver Cell Structure Damage of Mice caused by Over Reheated Palm Oil Fastiati, Rizka Abida; Listyaningsih, Endang; Mashuri, Yusuf
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 2 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background:Sesbania grandiflora L flower has high antioxidant activity.  This activity is caused by phytochemical ingredients of Sesbania grandiflora L flower, such as vitamin C, flavonoids  and tannin. The aims of this research were to know the hepatoprotector effect of Sesbania grandiflora L flower’s extract to the liver cell structure  damage of  mice caused by over reheated palm oil and to find out dose escalation of  Sesbania grandiflora L flower’s extract that can enhance the effect. Methods:This research was laboratory experimental study with the post-test only controlled group design. The tested animal used in this experiment were male mice, Swiss webster strain.The research population were 30 male mice divided into 5 groups, each group consisted of  6 mice. The  negative control group (KKn) was given distilled water, while the positive control group (KKp) was given over reheated palm oil. The 1st treatment group (KP1), the 2nd treatment group (KP2) and the 3rd treatment group (KP3), all, were given Over Reheated Palm Oil as much as  0.06 ml/ 20 gr BW andSesbania grandiflora L flower’s extract with dose 7 mg, 14 mg and 28 mg per 20 gr BW of mice, consecutively. The liver histological images were assessed by the sum of the cell nuclear pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis. Data were analyzed by using One-Way ANOVA test and Post Hoc Test (LSD) (α=0.05). Results:One-Way ANOVA test showed that p value was 0.000 (p < 0.05).The results of the post hoc multiple comparisons test showed the significant differences between group KKn-KKp, KKn-KP1, KKn-KP2, KKn-KP3, KKp-KP1, KKp-KP2, KKp-KP3, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3, and KP2-KP3 Conclusions:Sesbania grandiflora L flower’s extract  has a protective effect on liver cell structure damage of mice (Mus musculus) caused by over reheated palm oil and the escalated dose of Sesbania grandiflora L flower’s extract  can enhance the effect. Keywords:Histological structure of liver damage, over reheated palm oil, Sesbania grandiflora L.
Correlation between Infection of Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) and Peripheral Blood Eosinophil Levels amongElementary Student at Barengan Village, Teras Subdistrict, Boyolali. Nadhiasari, Aulia; Sakiman, Bambang Sukilarso; Dirgahayu, Paramasari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 2 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: The Parasitic infection, caused by intestinal helminths, accounts for significans burden of human disease in developing countries including Indonesia. In chronic infection, eosinophilia occurs as protection against helminth parasites.  Increasing eosinophils is often associated with diseases, such as allergy, nephrotic syndromes, leoffler diseases, and also helminthiasis. However, there are little data to prove this unequivocally. This study aimed to determine the correlation between soil transmitted helminths infections and the levels of peripheral blood eosinophil among elementary students at Barengan Village, Teras Subdistrict, Boyolali Methods: This study was conducted by an observational analytic research in a cross sectional approach at Elementary School students in Barengan Village, Teras Subdistrict, Boyolali on periode of October-November 2014. We conducted on 74 samples according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were collected from stool, peripheral blood and questionnaires and then were statistically analyzed with Chi Square test to determine their correlation. Results: Our study showed that the prevalence of helminthiasis among student was 47.3% and Chi Square Analyzes between STH infection and eosinophilia had the value of  p=0.041 with Odds Ratio= 2.695. Conclusions:Barengan Village, Teras Subdistrict, Boyolali is still an endemic area for helminthiasis (47.3%). This study shows correlation between soil transmitted helminthes infections and increasing the levels of peripheral blood eosinophil among elementary students at Barengan Village, Teras Subdistrict, Boyolali. Keywords: Soil transmitted helminths, eosinophil, elementarystudents of SD Barengan

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