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Nexus Biomedika
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
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Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
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Articles 292 Documents
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Perbedaan VO2 Max antara Penarik Becak dengan Supir Taksi di Kota Surakarta Sambodo, Shelly Lavenia; ., Balgis; Setyawan, Novan Adi
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 2 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: VO2 Max (maximal oxygen uptake) is a capability of oxygen with maximal capacity that used to the body to perform maximal exercise. The factor that most influence of VO2 Max is a physical activity. Cardiorespiratory endurance can be enhanced objectively by doing exercises or sports regularly, structurally, and continuously performed. Pedicab driver does his job by pedaling a pedicab every day, whereas the taxi driver does his job by driving a taxi every day. The aims of this study are to determine the differences of VO2 Max scores between pedicab drivers and taxi drivers in Surakarta. Methods: This study was an observational analytic with cross-sectional approach. The selection of the samples from the population has been conducted with purposive sampling. This study was conducted in the base of Kosti Solo in Mojosongo and in Surakarta. Two groups of samples, 30 taxi drivers and 30 pedicab drivers with the inclusion criteria (man, age 40 - 50 years; BMI ranged from 18.5 kg/m2 – 25.0 kg/m2; diastolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg; willing to be responders and filling and approved informed-consent; pursue work at least 5 years) conducted a study using Multistage Fitness Test (MFT), which the test is to run back and forth 20 yards. This value can be converted into the equivalent VO2 Max score using prediction table of the VO2 Max. The data were analyzed using non paired t-test (α = 0.05). Results: The results showed the mean scores predicted of the VO2 Max in pedicab driver was 25.79, while the taxi driver was 20.87. The data were analyzed by using non paired t-test that showed significantly differences between the two study groups, p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There are significant differences of VO2 Max between the pedicab drivers and taxi drivers in Surakarta. Keywords: VO2 Max, pedicab drivers, taxi drivers, cardiorespiratory endurance, MFT 
Pengaruh Pemberian Klorofil Terhadap Kenaikan Kadar Hemoglobin pada Tikus Model Anemia Hafidh, Faisal; Subandono, Jarot; Hadinoto, Sri Hartati
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 2 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Chlorophyll has a chemical structure similar to hemoglobin, its just different on the central ion. Anemia is a disease in which the blood contains less hemoglobin than normal. This study aims to prove that chlorophyll can increase levels of hemoglobin and to determine whether the increase in dose of chlorophyll may increase hemoglobin. Methods: This was an experimental laboratory study with pretest and posttest control group design. Samples were female white rats, 2 to 3 months old, weighing approximately 200 grams. Thirty five samples were taken by incidental sampling and divided randomly into 5 groups, each group consisted of 7 rats. The control group was administered distilled water, in contrast the treatment group I (KPI) and II (KPII), each was treated 0.6 mg and 1.2 mg of chlorophyll once a day, while treatment group III (KPIII) and IV (KPIV), each was treated 0.6 mg and 1.2 mg of chlorophyll twice a day, respectivelly. This treatment was done for 14 days. Before acclimatization, 3 ml of rat’s blood was drawn from retro orbital vein. One week later, the rat’s blood was taken again for pretest purposes. On the day 15th, rat’s blood was taken again in the same way for the purposes of the posttest. Data were analyzed by Friedman test and Post Hoc Multiple Comparison (Wilcoxon) (α = 0.05). Results: Hemoglobin levels ot rats significantly increased in the chlorophyll-treated groups than in the group of no treated one. Friedman test showed significant differences between the groups treated chlorophyll and the group no treated one with p = 0.000 (p <0.05). Wilcoxon test  showed no significant difference between KPI-KPII, KPI-KPIII, KPI-KPIV, KPII-KPIII, KPII-KPIV, KPIII-KPIV the value of P> 0.05 (p <0.05). Conclusion: Chlorophyll increases hemoglobin levels significantly, but increasing the dose does not provide significantly increased hemoglobin. Keywords: chlorophyll, hemoglobin, anemia  
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Sukun (Artocarpus altilis F.) terhadap Perbaikan Jumlah Sel-β Pankreas pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Model Diabetes Melitus Hidayatulloh, Achmad Syarif; Suyatmi, .; Hikmayani, Nur Hafidha
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 2 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by decrease of insulin production and/or sensitivity. The hyperglycemia state increases free radical production which can damage pancreatic β cells through oxidative stress mechanism. Breadfruit leaves contain antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenolics and tannins which can neutralize free radical activity. This study aims to examine the effect of breadfruit leaf extract on pancreatic β cells in diabetic rats. Methods: This was an experimental study using posttest only group design. Subjects were 30 male white rats aged 2-3 months and weighed 160-200 g. Subjects were divided into 5 treatment groups. Normal group, treatment group I, II, and III were intraperitoneally induced by 65 mg/kgBW streptozotocine and 230 mg/kgBW nicotinamide. Negative control group and normal group were administered 2 ml/kgBW/day NaCMC, whereas treatment groups I, II, and III were administered breadfruit leaf extract at doses of 200 mg/kgBW/day, 400 mg/kgBW/day, and 800 mg/kgBW/day, respectively. Treatments were conducted for 14 days and rats were terminated at day 15th. The rats’ pancreases were made into preparations of glass slides with Gomori staining. Data on the numbers of normal pancreatic β cells were compared by the Kruskal Wallis test, followed by the Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: There was a significant difference of the numbers of normal pancreatic β cells among the groups (p<0.001). Results from Mann-Whitney U tests showed no significant differences, except comparisons between negative control group and treatment group I (p=0.548), and between treatment group III and normal group (p=0.548). Conclusion: Breadfruit leaf extract can improve the numbers of pancreatic β cells in diabetic rats with an optimal dose of 800 mg/kgBW/day. Keywords: Breadfruit leaf extract, pancreatic β cells, diabetes mellitus, STZ-NA. 
Perbandingan Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) dan Kurkuma terhadap Kerusakan Struktur Histologis Ginjal Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Dosis Toksik Kusumawan, Alfian Noor Hakim; S, Endang Listyaningsih; Widjokongko, Bambang
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 2 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is an interesting plant because its leaves contain chlorophyll total, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b those are higher than the chlorophyll in the leaves of other plants. In addition, this plant also contains antioxidant components such as vitamin C, beta carotene, and iron (Fe). This study aims to compare the renoprotection power between papaya’s leaves extract and curcuma. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental research. The samples were twenty four male Wistar rats those were 8-12 weeks old and 160-250 grams of body weight. Samples were divided into 6 groups randomly, each group consisted of 4 rats. The KK group was not given any treatments. The KP1 group was induced by paracetamol but it was not given any renoprotector treatments. The KP2 group was induced by paracetamol and given curcuma. The KP3, KP4, and KP5 groups were induced by paracetamol and given papayas leaves extract at dose of 150 mg, 300 mg, and 600 mg per kg body weight respectively. Renal histological structure were assessed by counting the cell nucleus that was pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis. Data were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA test, then followed by Least Significance Difference (LSD) test (α=0.05). Results: One-Way ANOVA test showed that p value was 0.000 (p <0.05). The results of LSD test showed the significant differences in the pair of groups: KK-KP1, KK-KP2, KK-KP3, KK-KP4, KK-KP5, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3, KP1-KP4, KP1-KP5, KP2-KP3, KP2-KP4, KP2-KP5, KP3-KP4, KP3-KP5, and there was no significant difference in a pair of group KP4-KP5. Conclusions: Papayas leaves extract has a better renoprotection than curcuma and increasing dose of papayas leaves extract can improve the renoprotection. Keywords: papaya’s leaves, curcuma, paracetamol, damaging kidney.  
Status Infeksi Torque Teno Virus (TTV) Komunitas Gigolo Surakarta Ariapramuda, Engine Rabindra; Prasetyo, Afiono Agung; Hudiyono, Hudiyono
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 2 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Torque Teno Virus ( TTV ) is the first circular single-stranded DNA virus that is reported to infect humans. TTV infection has been implicated in the development of various diseases . However, it is still unclear how the mechanisms of TTV in the pathogenesis of various diseases. TTV infection was found not only in people with illness, but also found in general population with good health. Methods: There were 30 male sex workers (MSW) in Surakarta, which were included as our respondents. We took respondences bloos and isolated its DNA, in addition respondents underwent to face-to-face interview and filled questionnaire. Then, we ran polymerase chain reaction (PCR) nested with primer (NG059/NG063 and NG061/NG063) to detect N22 sequence of TTV. We ran electrophoresis in 2% agarose gel with Loading Quick ФX174/HaeIII 72-1353bp as a marker. Then, we visualized the gel on Gel Documentation and interpretated. Data of TTV infection, respondents description, risk factors of TTV, and results of HIV and HCV infection from previous study were analyzed using Chi Square. Results: About 7 (7/30, 23.3%) respondents were infected by TTV. There was any correlation (p < 0.050) between TTV infection and having piercing (p = 0.029). However, there was no correlation (p > 0.050) between TTV infection and performed  unprotected vaginal sex (p = 0.481), unprotected anal sex (p = 0.269), injecting drug users (p = 0.065), and having a tattoo (p = 0.925). Respondents having piercing (Odds ratio [OR] = 7.083; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] : 1.075 – 46.678) and performed unprotected vaginal sex (OR = 1.923; 95% CI : 0.307 – 12.053) were more likely to be infected with TTV. About 2 (2/3, 66.7%) respondents who infected with HIV and 2 (2/7, 28.6%) respondents who infected with HCV were also infected with TTV. Respondents who infected by HIV (OR = 8.800; 95% CI : 0.661 – 117.234) and HCV (OR = 1.440; 95% CI : 0.212 – 9.782) were more likely to be infected with TTV. Conclusion: Prevalence of TTV infection among MSW in Surakarta is lower than other community in Indonesia. Further research is needed to determine status of TTV infection among MSW community and other high-risk community, and to find out the certain risk factors of TTV infection. Keywords: TTV, Male Sex Workers (MSW), Surakarta
Pengaruh Akupuktur Titik Baihui (GV20) dan Elektroakupunktur Titik Zusanli (ST36) terhadap Jumlah Leukosit Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Model Stres Akibat Bising Intermiten Kronik fauzi, ridwan; Balgis, .; Isdaryanto, .
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 2 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: This stydy is to know the effect of acupuncture at Baihui (GV20) acupoint and electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) acupoint to WBC level in stress model white rats resulting from chronic intermittent noise. Methods: This study was an experimental with pre and post test group designs. Subjects were 32 male white rats (Rattus norvegicus), wistar strain samples and grouped into 2 groups. KB (the noise group) were induced with chronic intermittent noise and KBA (acupuncture-noise group) were induced with chronic intermittent noise and treated with acupuncture at Baihui (GV 20) acupoint and electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) acupoint. Subjects was treated for 28 days. The collected data were analyzed using independent samples t-test, paired-samples t-test, alternative test with Wilcoxon test, and Mann-whitney test. Results: Mean KB (pre test), KB (post test), KBA (pre test), and KBA (post test) were 12,952.50±2,845.52/uL; 8,151.88±1,978.19/uL; 12,493.13±2,584.90/uL; and 8,942.50±2,591.93/uL, respectively. The statistic analysis showed that there was a significant difference of white blood cell count between KB (pre test) and KB (post test) as well as between KBA (pre test) and KBA (post test) but there was no significant difference between KB (pre test) and KBA (pre test) as well as beetween KB (post test) and KBA (post test). Conclusion: There is no effect of acupuncture at Baihui (GV20) acupoint and electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) acupoint against WBC level of white rats model stress resulting from chronic intermittent  noise. Keyword: WBC, Acupuncture and electroacupuncture, chronic intermittent noise. 
Hubungan antara Yoga dengan Siklus Menstruasi Sari, Indah Purnama; Kiyatno, .; Hanim, Diffah
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Disturbed menstrual cycle often causes anxiety women. Menstruation disturbance can affect daily activities, that can decrease productivity. Nutrition and physical activities can affect regularity of menstrual cycle. Yoga is a popular physical activity recently that can influence hormone reproduction. This study aims to investigate the relationship between Yoga and menstrual cycle. Method: This research was an observational analytic research with cross sectional approach. There were 63 subjects of research that were chosen using purposive sampling of women who took Yoga course in Ganeps Surakarta. Independent variable of this research was Yoga. While dependent variable of this research was menstrual cycle. Data collected by direct interview with a list of questions to respondent were analyzed using bivariate Chi-Square, Contingency coefficient, and Odds. Result: The result of  Chi-Square test showed there was significant correlation between Yoga and menstrual cycle (p = 0.000). Coefficient of contingency test showed that 43.5% women who took Yoga course had regular menstrual cycle (C = 0.43; and p =0.000). While Odds Ratio test showed that women who took Yoga course had possibility 9.86 times to have regular menstrual cycle (OR = 9.86; CI 95% 2.87 - 34.95; and p = 0.000). Result of Research: There is significant correlation between Yoga and menstrual cycle. Keywords: Yoga, menstrual cycle 
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Bit Merah (Beta vulgaris L.) terhadap Struktur Histologis Ginjal Mencit (Mus musculus) Akibat Paparan Minyak Kelapa Sawit Pemanasan Berulang Ramadhan, Fitri Febrianti; Muthmainah, .; Widyaningsih, Vitri
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: One of plants with abundant antioxidant compounds is red beet (Beta vulgaris L.). That antioxidant compounds can be found in betalain pigment, β-karoten, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, flavonoid, mineral Cu, Mn, Zn and selenium. This research was conducted to prove the nefroprotective effect and the optimal dose of ethanol extract of red beet which can prevent renal cells damage of mice induced by deep frying palm oil. Methods: This research was laboratory experimental research. Samples were thirty Swiss webster male mice, 2-3 months old and ± 20 grams of each weight divided into 5 groups randomly, each groups have six mice. Normal control group (KKn) wasn’t given any treatments, only aquades. The second group (KP) was induced 0.06 ml/ 20 g weight deep frying palm oil orally and aquades every day for 14 days that can cause renal cells damaging. KP1, KP2, and KP3 were given nephroprotector treatment of ethanol red beet extract with dosage 5.6 ml/ 20 g weight, 11.2 ml/ 20 g weight, and 22.4 ml/ 20 g weight and then after an hour induced 0.06 ml/ 20 g weight frying palm oil orally every day for 14 days. Renal histological imaging were assessed by the sum of the cell nucleus picnosis, cariorecsis, and cariolysis. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and followed by Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons test. (α = 0.05) Results: One-way ANOVA test showed that the value of p was < 0.001. Mean of each group were KKn (8.67±1.27), KP (44.63±1.31), KP1 (33.88±1.15), KP2 (22.75±1.70), and KP3 (12.79±1.38). Post hoc multiple comparisons test results showed there was significant.  Mean  difference  of  KP-KP1,  KP1-KP2,  and  KP2-KP3 were  respectively 10.75, 11.12, and 9.96. Conclusions: The nefroprotective effect and the optimal dose of ethanol extract of red beet can prevent renal cells damaging of mice induced by deep frying palm oil. Keywords: red beet, deep frying palm oil, histology of renal 
Efek Hepatoprotektif Ekstrak Etanol Bit Merah (Beta vulgaris L.) terhadap Kerusakan Sel Hepar Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Dipapar Minyak Kelapa Sawit Pemanasan Berulang Muthmainah, .; Widyaningsih, Vitri
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) contains betalain pigments consisting of betacyanin and betaxanthine that can protect the liver from free radicals. This research aims to know the hepatoprotective effect of ethanol extract of red beet against liver histological damage of mice caused by reheated palm oil. Methods: This study was laboratory experimental research with the post test only control group design. This research used male Swiss Webster mice with 2-3 months old and ±20 g of body weight, each. Thirty samples of mice were divided into 5 groups, each group consisted of 6 mice. Sampling technique in this research was consecutive sampling. The normal control group (KKn) was given distilled water. The exposure group (KP) and the 1st, 2nd, 3rd treatment group (KP1, KP2, KP3), mice were given reheated palm oil. KP1, KP2, KP3 were not only given reheated palm oil, but also were given ethanol extract of red beet in dose 5.6 mg, 11.2 mg, and 22.4 mg. These treatments were done for 14 days. On the 15th day mice were killed with neck dislocation and livers were made for preparation with Paraffin Block method and were stained with Hematoxyllin Eosin (HE). Liver histological features were assessed based on quantifying of necrotic cells (pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis) of each 100 cells in the third zone. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test and Post Hoc test. Results: Data showed mean of necrotic cells in KKn, KP, KP1, KP2, KP3 respectively were 27.17±1.47, 75.33±1.61, 61.92±1.56, 51±1.54, 43.08±1.73 and mean difference between KP-KP1, KP1-KP2, KP2-KP3 were 13.42, 10.92, 7.92. The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed a significant difference of liver damage score in the five groups, p < 0.001. The results of Post Hoc test also showed significant difference among five groups, p < 0.001 and the most significant difference were between KP-KP2. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of red beet provides protective effect against mices liver histological damage caused by reheated palm oil and optimal dose of ethanol extract of red beet is 11.2 mg/20 g of body weight. Keywords: Ethanol extract of red beet, reheated palm oil, liver histological damage. 
Efek Granul Ekstrak Bawang Daun (Allium fistulosum L.) terhadap Mortalitas Larva Aedes aegypti L. Resitarani, Elisabeth Dea; Haryati, Sri; Wicaksono, Bagus
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Spring onion (Allium fistulosum L.) are known to contain saponin, tanin and flavonoid having larvicide effect. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of granules of spring onion extract (Allium fistulosum L.) on the Mortality of Aedes aegypti L. Larvae. Methods: This research was a laboratory experimental with the post test only controlled group design, which was done at “Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit (B2P2VRP) Salatiga”, Central Java. The subject used in this research was third stage of Aedes aegypti L. larvae. Subjects were taken with incidental sampling technique. The numbers of the subjects were 175 larvae, divided into 7 groups, so each group contained 25 larvae. This treatment was repeated 4 times.  For the control group it was used 100 ml of water. The other six groups used granules solution of spring onion extract, that were 1,400 mg, 1,700 mg, 2,000 mg, 2,300 mg, 2,600 mg, and 2,900 mg per 100 ml of water. The observation was held after 24 hours then the number of dead larvae was counted. The data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA followed by LSD Post Hoc. Lethal Concentration (LC) value was determined using Probit analysis. Results: There were significant difference of larvicide effect caused by granules of spring onion extract treatment (p = 0.000). The number of dead larvae increased along with the increase in the concentration of granules. LSD test indicated that there was significant difference between two groups except between groups 2,600 mg/100 ml and 2,900 mg/100 ml. The results of probit analysis showed that LC50 was 1,620.55 mg/100 ml and LC99 was 3,333.89 mg/100 ml. Conclusion: The granules of spring onion (Allium fistulosum L.) extract can cause death of Aedes aegypti L. larvae with LC50 in level of 1,620.55 mg/100 ml and LC99 in level of 3,333.89 mg/100 ml. Keywords: spring onion extract, granules, Aedes aegypti L. larvae 

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