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Nexus Biomedika
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
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Articles 292 Documents
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The Acupuncture Effect of Zusanli point (ST36) to Decrease the Number of Leukocytes in Mice (Mus musculus) Model of Sepsis Due to Exposure of Cecal Inoculum Jayanti, Esty; ., Balgis; Wulandari, Sri
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 2 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background:The incidence of sepsis in the Dr. Moewardi Hospital at the end 2007 showed a mortality rate of 50.2 % (115 deaths from 229 patient with sepsis). Associated with the sepsis treatment therapy, the use of low-dose corticosteroids in the early stages of sepsis is still debated. WHO suggests that acupuncture can stimulate corticosteroid. The aim of this study was to know the acupuncture effect of Zusanli point ( ST36 ) to decrease the number of leukocytes in mice (Mus musculus) model of sepsis caused by the exposure of cecal inoculum. Methods:This study was an experimental laboratory research with posttest only control group designs. The samples were 28 male mice, divided by simple random sampling into a control group (KK), Sepsis Group 1 (KS1), Sepsis Group 2 (KS2), and Sepsis Group 3 (KS3). Sepsis groups were made by giving cecal inoculum exposure at a dose of 0.1 mg/mouse/day injected intraperitoneally for 7 days. During the 10 days after exposure, no treatment was given to KS1, while KS2 was treated with corticosteroid therapy, and KS3 was given acupuncture therapy. The low dose corticosteroid used was Methyl prednisolone at a dose of 0.05 mg/mice that was injected intraperitoneally 2 times daily. The acupuncture was given at the Zusanli point (ST36) with a duration of 15 minutes. Blood samples were taken at day 24th. The leukocyte count data were analyzed with One Way ANOVA test (p<0.05) and  the Bonferroni post hoc test  (p>0.005). Results:Sepsis group were successfully made by exposure of cecal inoculum with significance level (p) of 0.000 (p>0.005). Acupuncture of zusanli point (ST36) could reduce leucocyte count in mice (Mus musculus) model of sepsis caused by exposure to cecal inokulum as same as corticosteroid group with significance level (p) 0.000 (p>0.005). Conclusion:Acupuncture of  Zusanli point (ST36) can reduce leukocyte count in mice (Mus musculus) model of sepsis caused by exposure to cecal inoculum. Keywords: Acupuncture, Zusanli point (ST36), leukocyte count, Sepsis.
Study on Antiinflammatory Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Ginger Leaves (Zingiber officinale) in Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Riyanti, Gisti Respati; Ediningsih, Endang; Ayusari, Amelya Augusthina
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 2 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Inflammation is a local protective response which is potentially hazard. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) contains flavonoid which has anti-inflammatory effect. Existing research has used ginger rhizomes as its material, whereas flavonoid in ginger leaves is bigger than the rhizome. This research aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract of ginger leaves in albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: This research was a laboratory experimental with posttest only controlled group design. This research was conducted at Setia Budi University. The subjects were 25 albino male rats ± 3 months old, weight ± 150 gr, which were taken by purposive sampling. The subjects were divided equally into 5 groups randomly, which negative control group (KN) were given normal saline and positive control (KP) were given indomethacin whereas test group 1 (KU1), test group 2 (KU2) and test group 3 (KU3), in order, were given 20 mg, 40 mg and 80 mg of ethanolic extract of ginger leaves per 100 gr of body weight orally. Inflammation induction was done by injection of 0.05 mlcarrageenan 1% of sub plantar. Rats’ foot edema volume was observed every hour for 6 hours after injection. Statistical analysis of the data was done including one way-Anova, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney test. Results: The greatest inhibition of edema volume was at the 6th hour, KP (74.07%), KU3 (74.07%), KU2 (66.67%) and KU1 (48.15%). The Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences among 5 groups with p=0.002 (p<0.05). The Mann-Whitney test showed p=0.068 for KP- KU1, p=0.429 for KP- KU2 and p=0.910 for KP-KU3. Conclusions: The ethanolic extract of ginger leaves has anti-inflammatory effect in albino rats equivalent to indomethacin on the sixth hour after carrageenan induction. Keywords: ginger leaves, Zingiber officinale, anti-inflammatory, carrageenan, albino rats  
Interleukin-10 of Positive and Negative HIV RNA Patients in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital in Surakarta Pradeta, Emirita Wulan; Prasetyo, Afiono Agung; Sari, Yulia
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 2 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
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Abstract

Background: HIV infection may cause imbalance of immune system and impacts on IL-10 status which has several immunological roles that may affect HIV infection itself. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between IL-10 and HIV RNA status. Methods: The IL-10 levels in the plasma samples obtained from 60 HIV patients in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital in Surakarta were analyzed by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Results: Elevated IL-10 level was found in 21.7% (13/60) samples and predominantly in positive HIV RNA (OR 2.67; 95% CI 0.40-17.96) and male (OR 1.22; 95% CI 0.36-4.17) patients. Conclusion: Elevated IL-10 level was associated with positive HIV RNA status and gender. Keywords: IL-10, HIV RNA
Toxoplasma gondii Coinfection in HIV/AIDS Patients of Dr. Moewardi Hospital in Surakarta Raharjo, Irvan; Sari, Yulia; Prasetyo, Afiono Agung
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 2 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
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Abstract

Background: Coinfection of T. gondii and HIV/AIDS will result in severe clinical symptoms. Age and gender are risk factors that are often associated with the occurrence of this coinfection. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii and HIV/AIDS coinfection as well as to determine its association with age and gender. Methods: Serological test, ELISA, was performed in order to determine the presence of IgM anti-Toxo and IgG anti-Toxo in 51 blood samples taken from HIV/AIDS patients at Dr. Moewardi Hospital in November 2011. Results: The positive rates of IgM anti-Toxo and IgG anti-Toxo were 25.5% (13/51) and 17.6% (9/51), respectively. IgM anti-Toxo was associated with age ≥ 37 years (aOR 9.34 (95% CI 1.775–49.174; p = 0.008)). Unless otherwise stated, no statistical association could be drawn. Conclusions: Screening on T. gondii infection is recommended for all HIV/AIDS patients since the positivity rates of anti-Toxo antibodies were found high in these patients. Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, HIV/AIDS coinfection 
Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) Infection has no Relations with Anemia on Childrenin SDN Barengan, sub-district Teras, Boyolali Salsabila, Aryanda Widya Tazkagani; Dirgahayu, Paramasari; Randita, Amandha Boy Timor
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 2 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: STH infections with prevalence degree of 28% become a problem in Indonesia societies, especially those who are trapped in low socio-economic level. The infection often affects children because children commonly lack of knowladge about personal sanitation, and their innate immune response has not well developed yet. STH infection can cause deficiencies of calories and protein, it also can cause anemia. An area with high humidity level like sub-district Teras in Boyolali is such a comfortable place for STH to grow rapidly. This study aimed to investigate whether there were any relation between STH infection and anemia on children in SDN Barengan, sub-district Teras, Boyolali. Method: This was an Observational analityc research with cross sectional approach. This research took place in SDN Barengan, sub-district Teras, Boyolali. Sampling technique for this research was undertaken with technique of purposive sampling. It took qualified students that met criterias, from first grade until fifth grade. The data were taken from feces examination by formol ether concentration method, hemoglobin examination by cyanmethemoglobin method, parents’ socio-economic demographic questionnaire, personal sanitation questionnaire, and foodrecall. The research was obtained as many as 74 research subjects, and analyzed by chi square. Result: The data showed 35 children (47.3%) were positively infected by STH disease and 11 children (14.9%) positively suffer anemia. The analysis of data showed that there was no significant relations between STH infection and anemia, p = 0.431. Analysis of most dominant factor that affects STH infection was bad habbit of barefooted with p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, anemia disease was mostly caused by lack of protein intake with p = 0.048 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: STH infection has no significant relations for increasing the prevalence of anemia on children in SDN Barengan, sub-district Teras, Boyolali. Keywords: soil-transmitted helminth infection, anemia, primary school children
The Difference of FEV1/FVC Ratio Between Junior High School Students Living in Highland and Lowland Fauzi, Fajar Shodiq Irsyad; Jusup, Sinu Andhi; ., Martini
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 2 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Geographically, highland is a place that has an altitude more than 500 meters above sea level. Highland has some environmental characteristic differences, thus people need an adaptation process that affects their multiple organ system. One of the systems affected is respiration system. FVC (forced vital capacity) is the total volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled in one breath. FEV1 (forced expiratory volume 1st) is the volume of air that can be exhaled in the first forced expiration. FEV1/FVC ratio is one of the lung function parameters that can describe condition of the airway. This research aimed to analyze the difference of FEV1/FVC ratio between junior high school students living in highland and lowland. Method: This research was a cross-sectional observational analytic. Samples of this research were 9th grade students of Junior High School (SMP) Amal Mulya Tawangmangu, Karanganyar and Junior High School (SMP) Negeri 2 Kretek, Bantul.  The data were collected by using non-random purposive quota sampling with inclusion and exclusion criteria that had been specified. FEV1/FVC ratio data were measured by Minato Autospiro AS300 Spirometer, while the Respiratory rate and the chest circumference index were collected as supporting data. The data were analysis with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the Mann-Whitney test and the independent t-test. Result: The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed that the FEV1/FVC ratio were not normally distributed. Mean of FEV1/FVC ratio of junior high school students living in highland was 98.52±2.15 whereas mean of its living in lowland was 97.65±3.30. The result of the Mann-Whitney comparative test showed p = 0.959 (p>0.05). Conclusion: There is no significant difference of FEV1/FVC ratio between junior high school students living in highland and lowland. Keywords: FEV1/FVC ratio, highland, lowland, lung function, spirometer
Interferon Gamma of Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) Patients in Dr. Moewardi Hospital in Surakarta Setyawan, Hanif Hary; Hudiyono, .; Marwoto, .; Prasetyo, Afiono Agung
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 3 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
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Abstract

Background: Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) produced by CD4+(Th1) T cells plays a critical role in immunityto tuberculosis infection. MDR-TB patients have decreased T cell IFN-γproduction capacity. Data of IFN-γ plasma level of MDR-TB patients in Indonesia, include its association with age and gender, are not yet known. This study was aimed to identify the profile of IFN-γ on plasma of MDR-TB patients in Dr. Moewardi Hospital in Surakarta and its association with age and gender. Methods: Blood samples and medical record’s data from 43 MDR-TB patients in Dr. Moewardi Hospital in Surakarta were collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) serological test was done to measure IFN-γtiter. Results: Twenty samples (46.5%, 20/43) had elevated IFN-γ level in their plasma. Elevated IFN-γ level was more likely to be found in women (OR 3.63; 95% CI 1.02-12.94) and respondentsaged 21-30 years (OR 4.5; 95% CI 0.79-25.57). No association between elevation of IFN-γ level with age (p = 0.450) and gender (p = 0.067). Conclusions: Elevated IFN-γ level was found in 46.5% of MDR-TB patients in Dr. Moewardi Hospital in Surakarta.Elevated IFN-γ level was more likely to be found in women and respondents aged 21-30 years. Keywords: IFN-g, MDR-TB, Surakarta  
APOBEC3B Gene Deletion Status inMultidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis(MDR-TB) Patients in Dr. MoewardiGeneral Hospital in Surakarta Suryani, Fitri Ika; Prasetyo, Afiono Agung; ., Hudiyono
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 3 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Data of APOBEC3B gene deletion status in Indonesia are limited. Moreover, information aboutAPOBEC3B gene deletion status in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital in Surakarta was unknown. This study was aimed to know the APOBEC3B gene deletion status in MDR-TB patients in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital in Surakarta. In the future, this research was expected can be used as asupporting examination in chronic tuberculosis patients which tend to progressively become MDR-TB. Methods: Blood samples from 43 MDR-TB patients in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital in Surakarta were collected, DNA isolation was performed for all samples, followed by a single Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)to detectthe presentation of APOBEC3B gene deletion genotype. Results: APOBEC3B gene deletion genotype was detected in81.4%(35/43) samples. Conclusions: The APOBEC3B gene deletion genotype was frequently found in MDR-TB patients in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital in Surakarta. Keywords: APOBEC3B, deletion, MDR-TB
CCR2-V64IPolymorphism in Multidrug-Resistant TuberculosisPatients in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital in Surakarta Monica, Windhy; Prasetyo, Afiono Agung; ., Marwoto
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 3 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Genetic variants of CCR2 (CC chemokine receptor type 2) are associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB), however its association with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to find out the status of CCR2-V64I polymorphisms among MDR-TB patients in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital in Surakarta. Methods: Blood samples from 36 MDR-TB patients in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital in Surakarta were subjected to DNA isolation. The DNA was genotyped for CCR2-V64I polymorphisms by a polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). Results: The wild type (GG) was found in 21/36 (58%) samples. The heterozygous genotype (GA), homozygous genotype (AA), and A allele frequencies in the population respectively were 39%, 3%, and 22%. Conclusion: The frequency of mutant type (GA and AA) was found lower than the wild type (GG) in the population of MDR-TB patients. Keywords: CCR2-V64I, MDR-TB, Surakarta
The Difference of Forced Vital Capacity Ratio (%FVC) between Junior High School Students Living in High Altitude and Low Altitude Kurniawan, Fery Ardi; Suselo, Yuliana Heri; Randita, Amandha Boy Timor
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 3 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
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Abstract

Background: Environment will affect the condition and body’s ability to adapt. The difference of characteristics and environmental conditions between high altitude and low altitude causes the adaptation of body, in order to work normally. This adaptation causes change in many organ systems including the respiratory system. Forced Vital Capacity Ratio (%FVC) is the ratio between Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and predicted value of vital capacity. FVC is influenced by lung’s ability to compliance and recoil. The limitations on these ability will reduce the ability to inspire the air so it will be difficult to get oxygen. This research aimed to analyze the difference of %FVC between junior high school students living in high altitude and low altitude. Methods:This research was a cross-sectional observational analytic. The subjects were 30 male students of SMP Amal Mulya Tawangmangu Karanganyar (altitude 966 meters) and 30 male students of SMP Negeri 2 Kretek Bantul (altitude 15 meters). The subjects were selected by using non random purposive sampling and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data of %FVC were measured by Minato AutoSpiro AS.300 Spirometry. The data were analyzed using Independent t-test with significance level α = 95%. Results: Mean of %FVC of junior high school students in high altitude was 77.67 ± 8.806 whereas mean of that in low altitude was 76.38 ± 8.493 with  p = 0.564. Conclusions: There is no significant difference of %FVC between junior high school students living in high altitude and low altitude. Keywords: Forced Vital Capacity Ratio (%FVC), high altitude, low altitude, spirometry

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