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Nexus Biomedika
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 292 Documents
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The Diuretic Effect of Yellow Seeded-Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Extract in Male White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Desiana, Dyah Tantry; Doewes, Muchsin; Ayusari, Amelya Augusthina
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 3 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) contains flavonoid and pottasium that have diuretic effect. This research aimed to find out the diuretic effect of yellow seeded-watermelon extract on the male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: This research was a laboratory experimental study using Posttest Only Group Design, done at Laboratory of Setia Budi University Surakarta from November 2014 to January 2015. The research subjects were 30 male white rats of Wistar Strain with age of ± 3 months old and ± 200 grams in weight. Samples were taken by purposive sampling. Watermelon was gotten from Jurug Fruit Market Surakarta. Before the treatment, rats were adapted for 5 days and fasted for 18 hours but still provided with drinking water. Yellow seeded-watermelon extract was given orally. The negative control group (KN) was given distilled water 3 ml and the positive control group (KP) was given hydrochlorothiazide 0.3 mg/200 gr of body weight.Test group I (KUI), II (KUII) and III (KUIII), in order,were given yellow seeded-watermelon extract at dose 35 mg, 70 mg and 140 mg per 200 gr of body weight. Rat urine volume was measured every 4 hours for 16 hours. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney test. Results: The average of rat urine volume of KN, KP,KUI, KUII and KUIIIwere 1.247 ml, 5.987 ml, 2.315 ml, 3.357 ml and 4.570 ml, in order. The Mann Whitney test showed there were significant difference among KN, KP, KUI, KUII and KUIII at the first, second and third four hours. Conclusions: Yellow seeded-watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) extract has diuretic effect on the male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The highest diuretic effect was at dose of 140 mg/200 gr of body weight. Keywords: Citrullus lanatus extract, diuretic effect, hydrochlorothiazide
Relation between Working Periods and Visual Acuity of Welder Bravery, Amirul Zakiya; Widyaningsih, Vitri; Afifah, Zulaika Nur
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 3 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Welding process can produce some lights radiation which is dangerous to the welder’s eyes. These lights are visible light radiation, ultraviolet radiation and infrared radiation. These radiations can inflict damage to the eyes especially to the visual acuity of welder. There are some factors that contribute to the damage of welder’s eyes such as working periods . When welders have longer working duration then there will be also a greater risk of dangerous radiation from the welding process. The goal of this study was to know the association between working duration and visual acuity of welding worker. Methods: This study was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design, which was held on November – December 2014 at Jebres District of Surakarta. Forty six subjects were acquired by exhausted sampling. Subject’s age was at 19-60 years old and the duration of working was 6-9 hours a day. Working duration data were obtained from interview and visual acuity was measured with optotypes Snellen chart. The data were analyzed using Spearman test for the bivariate analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Result: This study showed that working periods significantly associated with the visual acuity of welder, due to p-value of Spearman test showed p<0.001 (<0.05) and p-value of logistic regression showed p=0.005 (<0.05). Conclusion: There was an association between working duration and the visual acuity of welder. Welders who had a longer working period had a lower visual acuity Key Words: Welder, Visual Acuity, Working Duration. 
The Association between Exercise Activity and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) in Female College Students Yuliastuti, Afifah Novita; Balgis, .; Kusumawati, Ratna
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 3 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is illness manifestations caused by autonomic dysfunction. Subjects with POTS predominantly are young women between 20-40 year old and most of them are college student. Exercise has proven can improve the function of body systems. College students’s time is mostly for academic activity and not much time for exercise. The main aim of this research was to know the association between exercise activity and  the incidence of POTS in female college students. Method: This research was an analytical observational using case-control design approach. Samples were fifty eight female college students with POTS (16-23 years old) selected using purposive sampling. This study was done from November to December 2014 at Medical School of Sebelas Maret University Surakarta. Data of Exercise activity were obtained by questionnaire. Diagnosis of POTS was conducted by measuring heart rate using pulsemeter on Active Stand Test (AST) position while orthostatic symptoms were gotten by interview. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square test. Result: This study showed that most of the subjects with POTS (27.6%) had lower exercise activity than those without POTS (37.9%). The result of Chi Square analysis was p = 0.007. Conclusion: There was significant association between exercise activity and the incidence of POTS in female college students. Keywords: exercise activity,  heart rate, POTS 
Cytotoxic Assay of Soursop Leaf Ethanol Extract (Annona muricata Linn.) on Breast Cancer Cell Line (T47D) In Vitro Ardianti, Dwiana; Suyatmi, .; Mujosemedi, .
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 3 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Cancer is a genetical disorder which involves dynamic changes of genome, that it causes abnormal cell growth, invasion and metastasis of cell. Breast cancer is found mostly on women. There are many phytochemistry bioactive compounds found in soursop plant. One of the most important component is annonaceous acetogenins. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxic effect of soursop leaf ethanol extract on breast cancer cell line (T47D). Methods: This was experimental laboratory research. The cytotoxic effects of Soursop Leaf Ethanol Extract studied on cell line of breast cancer (T47D) in vitro were measured by MTT assay. The cytotoxic effect of the extract was compared to doxorubicyn. The data were analyzed to determine the inhibitory concentration of 50% (IC50). Results: IC50 of soursop leaf ethanol extract on breast cancer cell line (T47D) was 69.250mg/ml and doxorubicyn was < 0.195mg/ml. Conclusion: Based on the study, soursop leaf ethanol extract has a weak cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cell line (T47D) with IC50 = 69.25 mg/ml. Keywords: MTT assay,  Soursop Leaf Ethanol Extract, Cytotoxicity, Breast cancer cell line (T47D).
Emergence of Kebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase (KPC)- Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Infected Patients in Dr. Kariadi Hospital ., Maryani; Damayanti, Kusmadewi Eka
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 3 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: KPC-producing K. pneumoniae are a group of emerging highly drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli causing infections associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The emergence of KPC-producing K. pneumoniae has now become a global concern. The ability of this bacteria hydrolyzing carbapenem makes limited antibiotic choice for severe infections.  KPC spreads through plasmid-mediated, thus this bacteria can spread rapidly. Methods: This was a descriptive research with total sampling as the sampling technique used was all the population within a period of one year in 2012. The research was done in Microbiology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University and the samples were from Dr. Kariadi Hospital. The research subject was 79 Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from all infected patients along 2012. Susceptibility test was performed for all samples with diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton and meropenem. The decreased sensitivity of the samples carried on Modified Hodge Test to determine if the bacteria produced KPC. The results of the study were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Results: From the 79 samples, 10 (12.66%) samples decreased sensitivity to meropenem. Those ten samples consisted of cases of sepsis 30%, pneumonia 20%, urinary tract infection 20%, surgical site infection 10%, diabetes mellitus wound infections 10%, and bronchitis 10%.  From the ten samples, 60% were nosocomial infection and 30% were from ICU. It was found that one sample (1.27%) was Modified Hodge Test positive. Conclusions: This research found the incidence of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in infection patients in Dr. Kariadi Hospital. This result can be a warning for Indonesian health considering the danger of KPC bacteria. Early identification of bacteria that produce KPC with in vitro testing is critical for the success of infection control. Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), Carbapenem-resistant, Modified Hodge Test.
Effect of Meniran Extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) on Histological Structure Damage in Mice (Mus musculus Linn.) Induced by Paracetamol Aurika, Denalia; Yudhani, Ratih Dewi; Muthmainah, Muthmainah
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) is a liver injury caused by drug toxicity. About 41 out of 100.000 people suffer liver damage due to DILI. Most of this injury caused by excessive use of paracetamol. Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) contains antioxidants that can protect liver from damage. The aim of this research was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of meniran extract on histological damage in liver cells induced by paracetamol. Methods: This was laboratory experimental research with post test only controlled group design. This research was conducted in Histology Laboratory FK UNS. Samples were 30 mice obtained by purposive sampling which characteristics were Swiss webster type, male, 2-3 months old, ± 20 gr of each weight. Samples divided randomly into 5 groups, each group has six mice. The normal group (KN) was given distilled water only. The negative control group (KK (-)) was given paracetamol toxic dose only. The positive control group (KK (+)) was given Curcuma® and paracetamol toxic dose. A gradual dose (2.8 mg and 5.6 mg) of meniran extract was given daily to the first treatment group (KP 1) and second treatment group (KP 2) for 14 days respectively and added with paracetamol toxic dose (5 mg) on day 8th to 14th orally. On day 15th, mice were sacrificed and liver were taken for preparation with HE staining. Liver cells damage was identified by counting nucleus with pyknosis, karryorhexis, and karyolysis from 100 liver cells. Data was analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons-LSD (α = 0.05). Results: One-Way ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between 5 groups (p < 0.05). Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons-LSD showed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between KN-KK (-), KN-KK (+), KN-KP 1, KN-KP 2, KK (-)-KK (+). KK (-)-KP 1, KK (-)-KP 2, KK (+)-KP 1, KP 1-KP 2, but there was not significant difference between KK (+)-KP 2 (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Meniran extract has hepatoprotective effect on histological structure damage of mice’s liver cells induced by paracetamol in a dose dependent manner. Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri, paracetamol, liver cells histologic damage 
Effect of Ethanol Extract of Soursop (Annona muricata Linn.) Leaves on Intestinal Motility of Mice (Mus musculus) Induced by Oleum Ricini Alvirosa, Agil Noviar; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Suparyanti, Endang Listyaningsih
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
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Introduction: Diarrhea is one of major problem in the world. There are about 2 billion cases of diarrhea with a mortality rate of 1.5 million per year in the world. Diarrhea is the first cause of death in infants and toddler, while in all age groups is the fourth leading cause of death in Indonesia. One of the pathogenesis of diarrhea is an increase of intestinal motility. Leaves of soursop (Annona muricata Linn.) contains tannins, flavonoids and steroids which effect of intestinal antimotility. This study aims to prove that the ethanol extract of soursop leaves may inhibit intestinal motility in mice induced by oleum ricini. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental with posttest only controlled group design. Samples were 30 Swiss Webster male mice, aged 2-3 months, and weight ± 20 g. The samples were divided into 5 groups, namely Negative Control Group (KKN), Positive Control Group (KKP), Treatment I Group (KP1), Treatment II Group (KP2), and Treatment III Group (KP3) were respectively given distilled water; loperamide HCl; ethanol extract of soursop leaves with dose of 5.6 mg/20 g BW; dose of 11.2 mg/20 g BW; and dose of 22.4 mg/20 g BW. After 60 minutes, all of mice were given oleum ricini and it was waited until 45 minutes. Then all of mice were given 10.0% activated carbon suspension in 3.0% pulvis gummi arabicum and left for 20 minutes. Furthermore, the mice were sacrificed by spinal dislocation and their intestines were removed. Length of intestine through by activated carbon marker was measured and compared to the length of intestine entirely. Data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons LSD (α = 0.05). Results: One Way ANOVA test results showed significant differences between the five groups with p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). The test results Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons LSD showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between KKN and KKP (p = 0.000), KKN and KP2 (p = 0.000), KKN and KP3 (p = 0.000); whereas there is no significant difference (p > 0.05) between KKP and KP3 (p = 0.810). Conclusion: The ethanol extract of soursop (Annona muricata Linn.) leaves can inhibit intestinal motility in mice (Mus musculus) induced by oleum ricini. Keywords: soursop leaves, oleum ricini, intestinal motility 
Screening The Effectiveness of Meniran’s Leaf Extract (Phyllanthus niruri L.), Pepaya (Carica papaya L.), and Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) as Antidengue In Vitro Ummiyati, Hutami Sri; Febrinasari, Ratih Puspita; Saptawati, Leli
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
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Abstract

Introduction: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease that is caused by dengue virus. There were 71.668 DHF cases with 641 mortalities in Indonesia which was recorded from early January to mid-December 2014. Recently, DHF doesn’t have a specific therapy. The aim of this study was screening about natural extracts in Indonesia as antidengue. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental research with dengue virus serotype 2 strain New guinea C (DENV2 NGC) as a subject. This virus was infected into Huh-7 cell line. The study was conducted in 2 parts. First, dengue virus solution was mixed with natural extract and then this solution was infected to Huh-7 cell monolayer to obtain percent infectivity by FFU assay. Second,the natural extract was exposed to Huh-7 cell monolayer to obtain percent viability by MTT assay. The effective extract was selected if the extract had average percent infectivity £ 20% and average percent viability > 50%. Results: The percentage of viability of meniran’s leaf extract (Phyllanthus niruri L.), papaya (Carica papaya L.), and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) were 96.2%, 97.5%, and 88.7% respectively. While their average percentage of infectivity were 63.9%, 10.5%, and 53.6%. Conclusion: The papaya’s leaf extract (Carica papaya L.) was effective as antidengue in vitro. Keywords: DENV2 NGC,dengue,  meniran, papaya’s leaf, turmeric 
Antifungal Effect of Ascaris suum, Goeze Pseudocoelom and Perienteric Body Fluid to Candida albicans, (C.P. Robin) Berkhout In Vitro Jayadisastra, Zakka Zayd Zhullatullah; Sari, Yulia; Haryati, Sri
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
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Abstract

Introduction: Ascaris suum, Goeze pseudocoelom and perienteric body fluid is suggested to have antifungal effect to Candida albicans, (C.P. Robin) Berkhout because of Ascaris suum antibacterial factor (ASABF) which presents in pseudocoelom body fluid and neuropeptide-like protein 29 and caenacin-2 which present in perienteric body fluid. This research is conducted to prove the antifungal effect of Ascaris suum, Goeze pseudocoelom and perienteric body fluid to Candida albicans, (C.P. Robin) Berkhout in vitro. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental research. Candida albicans, (C.P. Robin) Berkhout speciments were tested using Ascaris suum, Goeze pseudocoelom and perienteric body fluid with concentration of each were 80%, 90%, and 100%. Specimens were incubated in temperature of 37oC for 24 hours and the inhibitory zone was measured. Result: Ascaris suum, Goeze pseudocoelom and perienteric body fluid didn’t create any inhibitory zone in Candida albicans, (C.P. Robin) Berkhout inoculation. Conclusion: Ascaris suum, Goeze pseudocoelom and perienteric body fluid didnt have antifungal effect to Candida albicans, (C.P. Robin) Berkhout. Keywords: Candida albicans, Ascaris suum, Pseudocoelom Body Fluid, Perienteric Body Fluid. 
The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Sweet Leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) to The Mortality of Anopheles aconitus L. Third Instar Larvae Purnomo, Adi; Haryati, Sri; Sakiman, FX Bambang Sukilarso
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Introduction: Use of chemical insecticide to kill Anopheles aconitus L. mosquitoes can cause many side effects and resistances for the mosquitoes, thus natural larvicide is needed to kill Anopheles aconitus L. larvae. Sweet leaves contain substances that can be used as larvicide. Therefore, the aim of research is to investigate how ethanol extract of sweet leaves affects to the mortality of Anopheles aconitus L. third instar larvae. Methods: This research used laboratory experimental design with posttest only controlled group design. The subject of this research was Anopheles aconitus L. third instar larva which was divided into 7 groups. Each group contained 25 larvae and the research was repeated 4 times. The negative control group contained 100 ml of water only. The other six groups contained different number of ethanol extract of sweet leaves: 0.06%, 0.14%, 0.22%, 0.30%, 0.38%, and 0.46% (mg/100ml). Observation was done after 24 hours and the number of dead larvae was counted. Linear Regression and Probit Regression were used to analyze data. Results: Linear Regression test showed that increasing of the ethanol extract of sweet leaves affected to the increasing of Anopheles aconitus L’ mortality based on Y = 0.02 + 2.12X formula. The R correlation score was 0.98 and R2 score was 0.96 thus it meant that percentage of ethanol extract of sweet leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) to kill larvae was 96% and the rest 4% was affected by other variables. Probit Regression test showed that LC50 was at 0.19% mg and LC99 was at 0.56%. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of sweet leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) has effect to the mortality of Anopheles aconitus L. third instar larvae paralleled to the increasing of ethanol extract. The LC50 is at 0.19%, the LC99 is at 0.56% Keywords: sweet leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.), Anopheles aconitus L. third instar larvae, mortality 

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