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Nexus Biomedika
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
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Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
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Articles 292 Documents
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Uji Banding Terjadinya Andropause antara Laki-Laki yang Lingkar Pinggangnya Besar dan Normal di Kecamatan Jebres Surakarta Kurniawan, Andreas Agung; Iryawan, Andri; Murti, Bhisma
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Andropause in men can be caused by large waist circumference. The population of Asian countries, including Indonesia, tends to undergo an increase of waist circumference. This study is aimed to compare the occurrence of andropause  between men with large and normal waist circumference. Methods: This study was a non-experimental analytic observational study with cross-sectional approach conducted in Jebres in September-October 2014. The subjects were 40 men selected using simple random sampling technique. The data obtained from physical measurements and questionnaire-led interviews were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression test to control confounding factors. Results: Twelve out of 15 men with large waist circumference (> 90 cm) experienced andropause and 16 out of 25 men with normal waist circumference (≤ 90 cm) did not experience andropause. On the other hand, 5 out of 10 men aged < 50 years experienced andropause and 23 out of 30 men aged ≥ 50 years did not experience andropause. Conclusion: Men with large waist circumference have risk experiencing andropause 3.06 times higher than men with normal waist circumference, although in this study the result is not significant (OR = 3.06; CI = 95% 0.59 to 15.95; p = 0.184 ). Keywords: Andropause, Waist Circumference 
Efek Nefroprotektif Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) pada Mencit Model yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Hidayah, Nur; Suyatmi, .; Febrinasari, Ratih Puspita
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Soursop Leaf (Annona muricata L.) contains active compounds that have antioxidant effects consisting of flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, triterpenoid and steroid. The aim of this research is to know the protective effect of Soursop Leaf Extract on the renal histological damage of  mice induced by paracetamol Methods: This study was experimental research with the post test only controlled group design. Samples were 30 male Swiss webster mice, 2-3 months old and ± 20 g of body weight. Samples were divided randomly into 5 groups, each group consisted of 6 mice. The normal group (KN) and negative control group (KKn) were given distilled water for 14 days. KP1, KP2, and KP3 were given soursop leaf extract in dose 5.6 mg, 11.2 mg, and 22.4 mg per g of body weight of mice, respectively, for 14 days. Paracetamol in dose 5.07 g per 20 g body weight of mice were given to KKn, KP1, KP2, and KP3 on the 12th ,13th ,14th days. On the 15th day mice were sacrificed and then renal organ were taken for histological preparation and stained with HE. Renal histological features were assessed based on quantifying of necrotic cells (pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis) of 50 epithelial cells from proximal tubule of right and left renal organ. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test and continued with Post Hoc (LSD) test. Results: The means of necrotic cells for KN, KKn, KP1, KP2, and KP3 were 8.17, 38.58, 26.92, 21.08 and 11.67, respectively. The One-Way ANOVA test showed a significant difference of renal damage score in five groups with p = 0.000. The Post Hoc LSD test also showed significant difference among five groups, p = 0.000. Conclusion: Soursop leaf extract can prevent the histological damage of renal cells on mice induced by paracetamol. Keywords: Soursop leaf extract, paracetamol, renal histological damage
Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) terhadap Waktu Kematian Cacing Ascaris suum, Goeze In Vitro Ramadhan, Mira Rizki; Dharmawan, Ruben; Mashuri, Yusuf Ari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background. Nematodes infection particularly, Ascaris lumbricoides  is cronic infection that make serious health problems. Leucaena leaf (Leucaena lecocephala) contain  leucanin, leucanon, mimosin and tannin that have been known to have athelmintic effect. This study aimed to determine the effect of Leucaena. Leucaena leaf  (Leucocaena leucocephala) extract towards death time of Ascaris suum, Goeze In Vitro.. Methods. This study was a laboratory experimental research using the post-test only controlled group design. The subject were adult worms that have length between 10 -20 cm. The sampling technique was used in purposive sampling. The subject was divides into 6 groups, each group consist of 4 worms, replication performed 4 times. Pirantel Pamoat 5mg/ml was used in Positive Control Group (KKP) and NaCl 0,9% was used in Negative Control Group (KKN). While the handling group was given by leucaena leaf extract in various concentration. 5% b/v was given by first handling group (KP1), 10% b/v was given for KP2, 20% b/v was given for KP3, and  30% b/v was given for KP4. Worms immersed every 60 minutes and counted the number of time. Data were analyzed with regression liner and probit analys. Results. The fastest of death time that given by leucaena leaf is KP4 in the amount of 375 minutest, followed by KP3, KP2 dan KP1. While the death time of  KKP aproximately  at 60 minutes dan 3360 minutes on KKN. The result of Pearson correlation test show close relationship between variation of the concentration and the time of death worms with a correlation coefficient 0,778 marked negative. The result of regression liner show significant p < 0.000,  r square .605 with regression equation is Y = 2704 – 503,464 X. The result of probit analys LC50 in the amount of  10,355%, LT50 is counted at 411,178 minutes LT99 is counted at 571,621 minutes.  While  37,055 minutes is counted for Pirantel Pamoat. Conclution. Based on this study, in can be concluded that the  Leucaena leucocephala leaf extract affect mortality of Ascaris suum in Vitro. The increasing of extract concentration in inversely propotional with the death time of worms. Keywords : Leucaena Leaf extract, death time,  anthelmintic 
Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa) Terhadap Kerusakan Histologis Sel Hepar Mencit yang Diinduksi Rhodamin B Pratiwi, Risky; Muthmainah, .; Sari, Yulia
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Strawberry contains flavonoid, anthocyanin, ellagic acid and vitamin C that can protect the liver from free radicals. The aims of this research are to know the effect of strawberry juice and the increasing of its dose on the liver histological damage of mice caused by rhodamine B. Methods: This study was laboratory experimental research with the post-test only control group design. The laboratory animal used in this experiment was male Swiss webster mice with 2-3 months old and ± 20 grams of each weight. Twenty eight samples were divided into 4 groups (KKn, KP, KP1 and KP2), each group consisted of 7 mice. The sampling technique in this research was consecutive sampling. The normal control group (KKn) was given distilled water, while the exposure group (KP), the 1st treatment group (KP1), and 2nd treatment group (KP2) were given rhodamine B. The mice of KP1 and KP2 were given strawberry juice in dose 0.4 ml/20 gWt and 0.8 ml/20 gWt. These treatments were done for 16 days, then on the 17th day mice were killed with neck dislocation and their livers were made for preparation with paraffin block method and stained with HE. Liver cell histological damages were assessed based on quantifying necrotic cells of each 100 cells in the first zone and third zone. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test and Post Hoc LSD test (α = 0.05). Results: The data showed mean of necrotic cells in KKn, KP, KP1 and KP2 were 38.64 ± 2.56; 157.64 ± 2.87; 90.07 ± 2.70; and 68.93 ± 2.56, repeatedly. The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed p = 0.000. The results of LSD test showed significant difference between KKn-KP, KKn-KP1, KKn-KP2, KP-KP1, KP-KP2, and KP1-KP2 with p = 0.000 for each groups. Conclusion: Strawberry juice reduces mice’s liver cell histological damage caused by rhodamine B and the increasing dose of strawberry juice can reduce liver cell histological damage. Keywords: Strawberry juice, rhodamine B, liver cell histological damage  
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) terhadap Kerusakan Struktur Histologis Hepar Mencit (Mus musculus L.) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Irawan, Alvian Oscar; Suyatmi, .; Sari, Yulia
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Kenikir leaf contains flavonoids, phenolic acid, saponin, carotenoids, vitamin A, vitamin C, Fe, Zn, and Cu. They are potential antioxidants being capable of protecting cells from free radical. The aim of this research is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) leaf’s ethanol extract on mice induced by paracetamol. Methods: This research was a laboratory-based experiment with the post-test only with control group design. The samples of 35 male Swiss webster mice, aged 2-3 months with ± 20 gram of weight were randomly divided into 5 groups. The groups were normal group (KN), negative control group (KK(-)), treatment group 1 (KP1), treatment group 2 (KP2), and treatment group 3 (KP3). Extract dosage of 2.8 mg, 5.6 mg, and 11.2 mg were administered daily for 14 days to KP1, KP2 and KP3, respectively. A toxic dosage of paracetamol was administered to KK(-), KP1, KP2, and KP3 on day 12th, 13th, and 14th. On day 15th, mice were sacrificed by neck dislocation and the liver were prepared and stained with HE for histology study. The degree of damage being due to the paracetamol was based on summation of pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis nucleus. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test (α = 0.05), followed by Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons (LSD) (α = 0.05) test. Results: The One-Way ANOVA test result was p = 0.000 (p < α). The statistical LSD test result was p = 0.000 (p < α), which showed significant differences in the hepatic damage between KN-KK(-), KN-KP1, KN-KP2, KN-KP3, KK(-)-KP1, KK(-)-KP2, KK(-)-KP3, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3, and KP2-KP3 group. Conclutions: The administration of kenikir leaf’s extract is able to prevent the damage in mice’s liver cells induced by paracetamol. Keyword: ethanol extract, kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) leaf, paracetamol, liver cells, mice 
Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) terhadap Kerusakan Struktur Histologis Ginjal Mencit (Mus musculus L.) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Wibowo, Lina Kristanti; Suyatmi, .; Sari, Yulia
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Kenikir leaves contain various kind of antioxidants, such as vitamin C, β-carotene, minerals, and polyphenols which are known to protect kidneys from oxidative stress caused by free radical exposure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of Kenikir leaf extract toward histological damage of the mices kidney cells induced by Parasetamol. Methods: This was a laboratory experimental study with the posttest only controlled group design. The samples were 35-Swiss webster male mice, aged 2-3 months, and weight about 20 gram. Samples were divided into five groups randomly. Normal group (KN) was given distilled water and Negative control (KK(-)) was given Parasetamol. Extract dosage of 2.8 mg, 5.6 mg, and 11.2 mg of kenikir leaves were given daily for 14 days to treatment group 1 (KP1), treatmen group 2 (KP2), and treatment group 3 (KP3), respectively. A toxic dosage of Parasetamol as much as 5.07 mg, was given to negative control group and treatment groups on day 12th, 13th, and 14th. On day 15th , mice were sacrificed by neck dislocation. The kidneys were taken for histological preparation and stained with HE. The histological damage was assessed based on quantifying the pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis on 50 proximal tubuli of epithelial cells. The data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA test (α = 0.05) and Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons test (α = 0.05). Results: The most damaged cells were found in KK(-) and the least in KN. The significant difference was observed among groups (One-way ANOVA test p = 0.000). The significant difference was observed between groups (Post Hoc test p = 0.000). They were KN-KK(-), KN-KP1, KN-KP2, KN-KP3, KK(-)-KP1, KK(-)-KP2, KK(-)-KP3, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3, and KP2-KP3. Conclusions: Ethanol extract of Kenikir leaves can prevent the histological damage of the mices kidney cell induced by Parasetamol. The increasing dose of the extract is followed by the increase of protective effect. Keywords: Kenikir leaves, histological damage, mices kidney, Parasetamol 
Efek Hepatoprotektif Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) Terhadap Kerusakan Histologis Sel Hepar Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Kumala, Riris Arizka Wahyu; Suyatmi, .; Febrinasari, Ratih Puspita
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) contains alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, triterpenoid, and steroid that are potent antioxidant to protect the liver from free radicals. The aim of this research was to know the hepatoprotective effect of soursop leaves extract toward liver histological damage of mice (Mus musculus) induced by paracetamol. Methods: This was an experimental laboratory research with the post test only controlled group design. Samples were 30 male Swiss Webster mice with 2-3 months old and ± 20g of weight taken by incidental sampling. They were divided randomly into 5 groups, namely kelompok kontrol negatif (KKn), kelompok kontrol (KK), kelompok perlakuan 1 (KP1), kelompok perlakuan 2 (KP2), and kelompok perlakuan 3 (KP3). KKn and KK were given aquadest for 14 days. Soursop leaves extract were given to KP1, KP2, KP3 in dose 5.6 mg, 11.2 mg, and 22.4 mg/20gbw of mice respectively for 14 days. Paracetamol in dose 5.07 g/20gbw were given to KK, KP1, KP2, and KP3 on the 12th, 13th, 14th day. On the 15th day, mice were sacrificed and their livers were taken for histological preparation with paraffin block method and HE staining. Liver histological features were assessed based on quantifying of pyknosis, karhyorhexis, and karyolysis of each 100 cells on the 3rd zone. Data were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA test (α = 0,05) and continued with Post Hoc (LSD) test (α = 0,05). Results: The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed a significant difference of liver damage score among groups, *p = 0.000. Results of LSD test showed significant difference between KKn-KK, KKn-KP1, KKn-KP2, KKn-KP3, KK-KP1, KK-KP2, KK-KP3, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3, KP2-KP3 with *p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Soursop leaves extract (Annona muricata L.) can prevent liver histological damage of mice (Mus musculus) induced by paracetamol.Keywords: Soursop leaves extract, paracetamol, histological damage of liver cell
Koinfeksi Virus GB Tipe C (GBV-C) Pasien Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi di Surakarta Sariyatun, Ratna; Prasetyo, Afiono Agung; Sari, Yulia
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Epidemiological data of GB Virus-C (GBV-C) in Indonesia are limited. Information about GBV-C coinfection among HIV patients in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital in Surakarta has also been unknown. Thus, this study is aimed to know the status of GBV-C coinfection among HIV patients in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital in Surakarta. Methods: Blood samples from 44 HIV patients in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital were subjected to viral RNA isolation. Complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized from the isolated RNA and used as template for nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detecting the 5-non-translated region of GBV-C. The amplicons were electrophoresed in 2% agarose gel and then visualized under UV and interpreted. Results: GBV-C RNA was detected in seven samples from HIV patients (15.9%, 7/44). All patients with GBV-C coinfection were women. Conclusions: The frequency of GBV-C RNA coinfection among HIV patients in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital in Surakarta is 15.9% (7/44). Keywords: GBV-C, HIV, Surakarta 
Effectivity of NS1 Antigen Test for Early Detection of Dengue Fever in Surakarta and Surrounding Areas Setyaningrum, Arina; Saptawati, Leli; Sari, Yulia
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
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Background:.The first time of dengue virus infection can give symptoms as dengue fever. Dengue fever disease has symptoms that are not typical and may manifest as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and can progress to Dengue Shock Syndrome which can cause death if patients get treatment too late. Therefore, it is important to anticipate the delay in treatment so that requires a device to detection of dengue fever which is faster and more accurate. One is NS1 antigen detection methods. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness the NS1 antigen test for early detection of dengue fever in the region of Surakarta and surrounding areas.   Method:.This study was a diagnostic test study using a community-based cross-sectional design. Sample size was 49 patients taken with consecutive techniques. Each samples performed detection of dengue NS1 antigen by Rapid strips test of  immunochromatography and detection of genetic material of dengue virus by RT-PCR. Both of the data were tested with a diagnostic test.   Result:.Diagnostic test results gave 67% of sensitivity, 89% of specificity, 67% of positive predictive value, 89% of negative predictive value, 6.09 of positive likelihood ratio, and 0.37 of negative likelihood ratio. The presence of a major change of the value of pretest probability (24%) to the value of the Post Test Probability (66%) indicated that the dengue NS1 antigen test device could provide diagnostic results which were important and useful.   Conclusion:The NS1 antigen test is effective as diagnostic kit of Dengue virus infection due to its well specificity Keywords: Dengue Virus, Dengue NS1 antigen test, early detection of Dengue fever 
The Effectivity of Low Dose Steroid for Reducing Intestinal Inflammation Grade in Mice Model of Sepsis Early Stage Prasetyo, Medita; Ediningsih, Endang; ., Sarsono
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which activates apoptosis of the mucous lining of gastrointestinal tract. The use of steroids as inflammatory therapies in sepsis is still debated. This study aimed to determine the effect of steroid in low dose on intestinal inflammation grade in mice model of Sepsis early stage. Method : This study was an experimental laboratory with the post test only controlled group design. The sample was 25 male Balb/C mice, divided into five groups, namely: control (K1), sepsis (K2), sepsis + low dose steroid (K3), sepsis + moderate dose steroid (K4), sepsis + high dose steroid (K5). The models of sepsis were given cecal inoculums material 4 mg/kgBW/day/i.p for 5 days. Two hours after i.p injection of cecal inoculums, the mice were given dexamethasone with doses 0.05; 0.25; 2.50 mg/kgBW/day/i.v, representing low, moderate, and high dose steroid therapy for 5 days. Histological preparation of intestines was made on day 6, while the anti inflammatory effect of steroid therapy was measured based on inflammatory grading according to Chang et al. Data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis method and Mann Whitney method. The values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result : The study showed grading inflammation of mice within groups were: K1: grade 0 (100%); K2: grade 2 (60%) and grade 3 (40%); K3: grade 0 (40%) and grade 1 (60%); K4: grade 2 (20%) and grade 3 (80%); K5: grade 3 (40%) and grade 4 (60%). There was significant difference between groups: K1-K2 (p = 0.005), K2-K3 (p = 0.007), K2-K5 group (p = 0.020), K3-K4 (p = 0.006), K3-K5 (p = 0.007), K4-K5 (p = 0.042). Conclusion: Low dose steroid effectively reduces intestinal inflammation grade in mice model of sepsis early stage. Keywords: Steroid dose, inflammation grade, sepsis. 

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