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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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The Advantage of Rumen Fluid Collection Technique Using Trocar in Animal Welfare Tiven, Nafly Comilo
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 22, No 4 (2012)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Trocar, a tool to remove the gas in livestock that have bloated stomach, has been modified for rumen fluid collection, as an alternative methods in animal welfare aspects. Rumen fluid collection with trocar modification can be made very easy, cheap and fast at the local sheep, both in vitro and in vivo. After the collection, the trocar does not leave permanent scars because scars on the rumen wall and skin will heal and return to normal. The animal relatively does not suffer from pain and stress; feed intake and body weight do not decrease drastically and animal can live normal. The rumen fluid sampling technique with trocar is better than fistulation in animal welfare aspect. Key words: Animal welfare, fistulation, trocar

Genetic Improvement of Milk Quantity and Milk Quality in Holstein Friesian Cattle by Selection Anggraeni, Anneke
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 22, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Milk yield and milk quality are essential in determining the development of national dairy industry. Domestic fresh milk is largely produced by Holstein Friesian Â cows. There is a wide variation of the genetic ability of cows to produce milk or bulls to transmit milk, thus giving the opportunity for the improvement of milk production trait through selection. Milk yield as one of the quantitative traits, in the genetic evaluation, is estimated based on a breeding value. Breeding value can be estimated accurately through appropriate selection methods and by considering various non-genetic factors influencing milk production. This paper focuses the discussion on milk selection methods, which are very commonly done in dairy cattle. To produce superior dairy breeding cattle, selection for the bulls were done by progeny testing method, whereas selection for cows were commonly by individual selection method and their siblings. A number of internal environment factors should be considered in the genetic evaluation of milk production, through the development of appropiate correction factors, thereby increasing the accuracy of the estimated breeding values. The quality of milk especially milk protein contents, in the future, will get more attention from consumers. Therefore, selection should be directed also to improve milk protein components. The existence of major genes controlling on milk protein contents is expected to be the effective way in increasing milk protein yield in domestic HF cow. Selection of superior breeding dairy cattle in producing high milk protein contents is done through the identification of polymorphism of milk protein genes, providing casein and whey family genes. Key words: Holstein Friesian, selection, milk yield, milk protein

The Relationship of Avian Influenza and Waterbirds in Creating Genetic Diversity and the Role of Waterbirds as Reservoir for Avian Influenza Hewajuli, Dyah Ayu; Dharmayanti, Ni Luh Putu Indi
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 22, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Outbreaks of Avian Influenza (AI) has enormous implications for poultry and human health.These outbreaks are caused by influenza A virus that belongS to the family of Orthomyxoviridae. These viruses are RNA viruses, negative polarity, and the envelope has segmented genom. Generally, Avian Influenza is a disease which originally occurred in birds with complex ecology including reassortment and transmission among different species of birds and mammals. The gene of AI virus can be transmitted among human and avian species as shown by the virus reasortantment that caused pandemic human influenza in 1957 and 1968. Pandemi in 1957 and 1968 were different from previously human viruses because the substitution of several genes are derived from avian viruses. Wild waterfowls especially Anseriformes (duck, muscovy duck and geese) and Charadriiformes (gulls, seabirds, wild birds) are the natural reservoirs for influenza type A viruses and play important role on the ecology and propagation of the virus. From this reservoir, influenza type A virus usually can be transmitted to other birds, mammals (including human) and caused outbreak of lethal diseases. Waterfowl that is infected with influenza A virus usually does not show any clinical symptoms. However, several reports stated that HPAI viruses can cause severe disease with neurogical disorders led to death in waterfowl. Migration of birds including waterfowls have active role in transmitting and spreading the disease. Movement of wild birds and inappropriate poultry trade transportation play a greater role as vector in spreading HPAI to humans. Ecological change of environment has also a great effect in spreading AI viruses. The spreading pattern of AI viruses is usually influenced by seasons, where the prevalence of AI was reported to be in the fall, winter and rainy seasons. Finally, the effective control strategies against the spreading of AI viruses is required. Programs of monitoring, surveilence and vaccination is part of the control strategies of AI viruse spreading besides other strategies that had been applied. Key words: Avian Influenza, reservoir of AI, waterbirds, migration

The Use of Plant Bioactive Compounds to Mitigate Enteric Methane in Ruminants and its Application in Indonesia Wina, Elizabeth
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 22, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Worldwide, increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have become a major concern as they are now considered to be the cause of global warming. Several strategies have been planned and taken by different countries including Indonesia to mitigate this situation. Agriculture is considered to be one of major contributors to GHG, especially methane coming from ruminant digestive processes. More than 85% of the methane produced by ruminants comes from enteric fermentation. Several options have been proposed to lower this enteric methane production. This paper describes a review on diet manipulation using feed additives, especially plant bioactive compounds, to mitigate the GHG emission from ruminant livestock. Plant bioactive compounds Â have Â been Â found Â with Â various Â chemical structures. Â Some Â ofÂ them Â such Â asÂ saponin, Â tannin, essential oils, organosulphur compounds, have been reported to have ability to reduce enteric methane production. Indonesia has many plant resources that have potential as methane reducing agents. Sapindus rarak fruit especially its methanol extract contain saponins which reduce the activity of methanogens in the rumen in vitro, hence reduce methane production (11%). Feeding S. rarak to sheep increased daily weight gain but not that of local cattle. Shrub legumes such as Calliandra calothyrsus and Leucaena leucocephala contain tannins which can reduce methanogenesis (3 â 21% methane reduction). Besides tannin, these shrub legumes are a good source of protein. Feeding shrub legumes can be beneficial as a protein source and a methane reducer. Other sources of methane reducing agents have been tested in other countries and some can be applied for Indonesian situation. The strategy to reduce methane by plant bioactive compounds should be developed to be simple and relatively cheap so it will benefit the local farmers. Extraction of these compoundsÂ may be expensive, therefore, costs should be considered carefully when proposing to use the extract as a feed additive for livestock raised by small farmers. It is recommended to develop a feeding system for ruminant using tannin containing plants/ legumes, saponin containing plants or other plants. Â Key words: Bioactive compounds, methane, ruminant

Social Reflections Of Greenhouse Gass Emission Mitigations In Livestock Sector In Indonesia Herawati, Tati
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 22, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Greenhouse gas affect on the global warming and climate change has been realized recently. The livestock contribution on the emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere has the social and economic impact not only to the livestock holder but also to the surrounding society. Various mitigation technology actually have available both through the selection type feed low emissions as well as awarding supplemen, the addition of chemicals or mechanical means in the process of manufacture of fodder that can decrease methane production.The awareness of livestock raiser at small scale level to utilize available resources locally, would help mitigation activity and received economically beneficial returns in the forms of biogas and organic fertilizer. Revenues generated from the installation of biogas Rp. 600.000/month when converted to LPG price and value in calories (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) and B/C ratio of 1.35. Means that investments are economically viable.Â The present condition indicates that wider socialization to farmers on the relationship between livestock and the global warming and climate change. The need in order to grab social and economic benefit from utilizing local resources. Key words: Social, economic, global warming, greenhouse gas

Mulberry Foliage As Forage Protein Source For Sheep And Goat Yulistiani, Dwi
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 22, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Protein is one of limiting nutrient factor that determine the production level of livestock including sheep and goat. However, the price of protein feed source from oil meal or animal by-products is expensive and sometimes it is not are affordable by small scale farmers in the village. On the other hand, ruminants animal have the advantage of having rumen which able in using protein from forage to meet their protein requirement. Therefore this is important to obtain alternative feed which is cheap, affordable and have high quality and available throughout the year to increase sheep and goat productivity. Mulbery (Morus alba) plant can grow well all the year in tropical condition like Indonesia. Mulbery foliage has high protein content (> 20%), so it is potential to be used as protein foliage source in goat and sheep diet. Mulberry foliage supplementation in sheep diet could increase dry matter consumption 22.5% and followed by average daily gain 85% compared to unsuplemented diet. Key words: Mulberry foliage, protein, sheep and goat

Enhancing the Feed Capacity of Horticulture Agro-Ecosystem Through Technology for Goat Production Ginting, Simon P
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 21, No 3 (2011)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The availability of feed and their efficiency of use throughout the year represent the most important constraint affecting the productivity of animals in any agro-ecosystems. Beside being the largest contributor to the total production cost, logistically feeds need to be available on a daily basis across the animalâs life time. In order to be competitive, goat production system must be directed toward the optimum utilization of inconventional feedstuffs such as crop residues and agro-industrial by-products. The horticulture crops provide various crop-residues and by products from the processing of its main products. These biomass are potential feedstuffs that could be used to support the production of goats. The processing of passion fruits (Passiflora edulis) yield by products such as fruit shells and seeds. These products are good energy and protein sources for growing goats. Oriental radish (Raphanus sativus) by-products composed by damaged root parts and culls have high digestible energy and low ether extract content, but have very high moisture content. The pineapple by-products composed by the peel and bagasse of the fruit could be used as energy source for goats. Other horticulture by-products or residues such as citrus pulp, abandoned citrus fruit, forages from Ipomea batatas are of great potential as feeds for goat production. Preserving technology like ensiling could be implemented in utilising those biomass categorized as wet by-products such as pineapple and oriental radish by-products. The technology of complete feed is an effective means in utilizing some of those products with relatively low palatability or to increase its inclusion level in diets. Introducing shade-tolerant forage species as intercrops such as Stenotaphrum secundatum,Â Brachiaria humidicola and Arachis pintoi in the citrus plantation should increase feed capacity of the area. The multi-purpose trees such as Indigofera sp. and Calliandra calothyrsus both are adaptable to the high altitude area are valuable feeds due to their high nutritional quality. Generation of technology that could maximize the utilization of those biomass as feeds for goat production is necessary. Some technologies that are relevant to that purposes including: 1) ensiling with appropriate inoculants that create optimal fermentation to preserve the product and to prolong the aerobic stability of the silages; 2) ensiling with appropiate absorbants for maximum effluent retention, intake and preference of the silage; 3) the utilization of fibrolytic bacteria; 4) utilization of fibrolytic enzymes in complete feed; and 5) supplementation strategy to optimize the rumen function for maximum utilization of basal diets. Because most of the feedstuffs mentioned above relatively vary in their nutritional quality and quantity, it is suggested that feed budget system, which is based on the availability of feed rather than the feeding standard system which is based on the animalâs nutrient requirement is a more relevant feeding system for goat production. Key words: Feeds, horticultures, technology, goats

Reproductive Behaviour Of Timor Deer (Rusa Timorensis) Sansudewa, Daud; Capitan, S.S.
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 21, No 3 (2011)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Timor deer (Rusa timorensis) is a newly domesticated animal in Indonesia and other countries in the world. It is a potential source of meat and livelihood. Low birth rate is a problem of deer farming in Indonesia. It happens because of low concern for key aspects of behaviors including reproductive behavior. The aim of this review is to give information about reproductive behavior of Timor deer in natural habitat and captivity breeding. Libido and estrous behaviors of Timor deer in captivity breeding were similar with natural habitat. However, male Timor deer in captivity breeding took longer time to approach the females before mating, compared with those in their natural habitat. Aggressive behavior commonly leads mating. Parturition and maternal behavior of hinds are affected by limitation of space, therefore dividing the area of cage which depends on age and physiological status is needed to improve reproductive management. Key words: Reproductive behavior, captivity, Timor deer

Gumboro Disease: Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathology, Diagnosis And Disease Control Wahyuwardani, Sutiastuti; Agungpriyono, D.R.; Parede, L.; Manalu, W.
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 21, No 3 (2011)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) or known as Gumboro, is a disease that attacks chicken older than 3 weeks, caused by famili Birnaviridae virus. Gumboro in Indonesia was firstly reported in 1983 and until now is commonly found. Very virulent IBD virus causes high morbidity and mortality that can even reach 100%. Clinical symptoms are exhibited as sluggish chicken, dropped wings and cloacal pasting. At gross examination, the bursa was found swollen, with yellowish fluid or hemorrhagic 3 days after infection. The bursa will get atrophy from 7 days post-infection. Meanwhile, the non virulent IBD virus causes subclinical symptoms. Chicken that survived, became stunted or dwarfed. On gross and histopathological findings, the bursa Fabricius has mild lesion and will recover at 14 days post-infection. Diagnosis of IBD can be determined based on pathological observation, supported by immunohistochemical examination and laboratory confirmation of disease by agar gel immunodiffusion, polymerase chain reaction techniques, antigen capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and isolation. Detection of antibodies can be made by serum neutralization technique or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Prevention can be done by routine vaccination in the field when the maternal antibodies have declined. The review describes the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis clinical symptoms, pathological discription and control of the disease to improve the knowledge of poultry farmer or people who are interested in poultry health. Key words: Gumboro, etiology, epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis

Probiotics And Prebiotics As Feed Additive For Nonruminants Haryati, Tuti
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 21, No 3 (2011)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The ban against using antibiotics has led to increase the use of alternative additive substances as antibiotic. The alternative additives that can be used as antibiotic are probiotic and prebiotic. Both components can be used separately or together as synbiotic. Probiotic and prebiotic can modulate the ecosytem of intestinal microflora that is potential to affect the health and performance of host. Probiotic and prebiotic have been widely used abroad because of their positive effects, but the research and the use of these components in Indonesia are limited, eventhough abundance of raw material that can be used are available. The research dealing with probiotic and prebiotic as additive is necessary to be improved to obtain the efficient and practical production method, which can be implemented to give an economic impact on livestock industry. Key words: Probiotic, prebiotic, additive, livestock

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Journal Mail Official
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Indonesian Center for Animal Science Research and Development Jl. Raya Pajajaran Kav E-59 Bogor 16151 Bogor Indonesia

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Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA