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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction Enzyme Linked Oligonucleotide Sorbent Assay (Pcr-Elosa) for Detection of Disease Agents Tarigan, Simson
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 21, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Diagnostic tool comprises one of the vital components in the control ofÂ infectious diseases. One of the most common techniques in the diagnosis of infectious disease currently available is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) because this technique is very sensitive, specific, and rapid. This technique requires an adjunct technique to indicate the formation of the right reaction product. Agarose gel electrophoresis has been the most common technique to visualise the PCR product or amplicon. Enzyme linked oligonucleotide sorbent assay (ELOSA) is an alternative technique which is more sensitive and gives more important identity of the amplicon. This technique can be more than 100 times as sensitive as a gel agaroseÂ electrophoresis, and very specific since confirmation of the amplicon is carried out by DNA hibridisation. The capacity of the ELOSA can also be extended to the detection of disease-causal agent at subtype level, or detection of mutation at particular location in a gene. Since the equipment used for ELOSA is similar to that for ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), a large number of samples can be accomplished rapidly. As in ELISA, a number of variation can be made in ELOSA depend on the requirement. Nucleotide can be immobilised on the microwell plate either by passive adsorbtion, by first conjugation ofÂ nucleotide with biotin then immobilisation on streptavidin-coated microwell plate, or immobilisaion by covalent bonding. The PCR and ELOSA can be performed at separate or in a single tube by first immobilising the PCR primers on the surface of microwell plates. Key words: PCR amplicon, agarose electrophoresis, oligonucleotide immobilisation, DNA hybridisation

Bovine Viral Diarrhea in Cattle in Indonesia and its Problems ., Sudarisman
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 21, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) is a disease caused by the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), an ubiquitous, easily transmitted virus with worldwide distribution. The majority of postnatal infections with BVDV are nonclinical, with biphasic temperature elevation and leucopenia followed by a spesific immune response measurable by serum neutralisation test. The infection can be diagnosed serologically or virologically and the disease is recognized by clinical signs and pathological lesions. Disease control is based on the use of modified live virus (MLV) vaccines. Opinions vary on the relative economic importance of BVD, depends on the appropriateness and timing of vaccination in various production-management system. Key words: Bovine viral diarrhea, cattle, disease control, vaccine

Anticipating the Emerging of Some Strategical Infectious Animal Diseases in Indonesia Related to The Effect of Global Warming and Climate Change Bahri, Sjamsul; Syafriati, T
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 21, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The effect of global warming and climate change is changing the season, included flooding in one area and very dry in other area, changing the temperature and humidity. These changes will trigger changing of the life of biological agent (virus, bacteria, parasites and so on), variety of animal species, variety of vectors as reservoir host of animal with the role of transmitting the disease to other animal species, This condition will trigger the new animal disease (emerging disease) or old disease will be re-emerged (re-emerging diseases). This paper will discuss the effect of global warming and climate change on animal diseases in Indonesia such as Bluetongue (BT), Nipah, Japanese encephalitis (JE), West Nile (WN), and Rift Valley fever (RVF). The climate changes such as increasing the earth temperature and rainfall will cause extremely increase of vector population for BT, JE, WN and RVF. In addition, animal transportation and bird migration from one country to others or region will cause changing of ecological system and will open the chance to distribute the diseases. Hence, anticipation on those disease outbreaks should be taken by conducting the surveilance and early detection to those diseases. The possibility of entering Nipah disease in Indonesia should be anticipated because the avaibility of Nipah virus and the reservoir host (Pteropus spp) and also pigs as amplifier host in the surrounding area. Other diseases such as, leptospirosis, anthrax and avian influenza (H5N1) are also have a wider potential to distributing the disease related to the climate change in Indonesia. Key words: Global warming, climate change, zoonotic disease

Development of Recombinant Vaccine Using Herpesvirus of Turkey (Hvt) as Vector for Several Viral Diseases in Poultry Industry Hartawan, Risza
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 21, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Herpesvirus of turkey (HVT) has been utilised as live vaccine against Marekâs disease in poultry industry world-wide for many years. However, the potency of HVT is not limited on the Marekâs disease only. Along with rapid development of recombinant technique, the potency of HVT can be broaden for other diseases. As naturally apathogenic virus, HVT is a suitable candidate as vector vaccine to express important antigens of viral pathogens. Several researches have been dedicated to design HVT recombinant vaccine byÂ inserting gene of important virus, such as Marekâs disease virus (MDV), immuno bursal disease virus (IBDV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Avian Influenza virus (AIV). Therefore, the future recombinant of HVT has been expected to be better in performance along with the improvement of recombinant technique. Key words: Herpesvirus of turkey, live vector vaccine, viral pathogens

Mastitis in Ettawa Crossbred Goat (Pe) Caused by Staphylococcus Aureus: Epidemiology, Clinical Signs, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Control Suwito, Widodo; S, Indarjulianto
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Mastitis in Ettawa crossbred goat is commonly found and caused economic loss. Staphylococcus aureus is one of bacteria caused clinical mastitis or subclinical mastitis in Ettawa crossbred goat. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of clinical and subclinical mastitis in the Ettawa crossbred goat caused by S. aureus from epidemiological aspect, clinical symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control. Mastitis should be eliminated because it lead to death for the goats and lambs. In addition, S. aureus has greater risk for contamination in milk because it produces heat-stable toxin. Isolation and identification bacteria with total of somatic cell counts are important as a reference to determine the actions to decrease the occurrence of mastitis. Some preventive measures for mastitis include clean milking, dipping the teats with a disinfectant and antibiotic treatment during dry lactation. Key words: Ettawa crossbred goat, mastitis, S. aureus, diagnosis, preventif

Ruminal Biohydrogenation Pattern of Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acid as Influenced by Dietary Tannin Jayanegara, Anuraga
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Abstract Large amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids undergo transformation processes in the rumen through microbial biohydrogenation to form fatty acids with higher saturation degree. The respective process explains the high content of saturated fatty acids in products of ruminants and the potential risk of consumersâ health by consuming such products. Various nutritional approaches have been attempted to modulate biohydrogenation process in order to obtain healthier fatty acid profile from consumersâ perspective. The present paper is aimed to review the influence of dietary tannin, a naturally produced plant secondary compound, on the pattern of polyunsaturated fatty acids biohydrogenation occurring in the rumen. The effect of tannin on some key fatty acids involved in biohydrogenation process is presented together with the underlying mechanisms, particularly from up-to-date research results. Accordingly, different form of tannin as well as different level of the application are also discussed. Key words: Tannin, biohydrogenation, fatty acid, ruminant

Solid Substrate Fermentation of Cassava Peel for Poultry Feed Ingredient ., Stephanie; T, Purwadaria
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Cassava peel which is not used during cassava starch extraction is one of potential resources for animal feed. However, cassava peel has low level protein content, high level crude fiber, and high level of toxic cyanogenic compound. These problems limit the utilization of cassava peel as feed. Solid substrate fermentation using mold may be a solution process to increase its nutritional value and decrease toxic level of cassava peel. In this paper, matters that related with cassava peel fermentation process are subsequently described, namely: (i) problems of cassava peel; (ii) biodegradation and detoxification process; (iii) solid state fermentation methods on cassava peel; (iv) nutritional quality of fermented cassava peel; and (v) application of fermented cassava peel in poultry feed. The fermented cassava peel application is compared with those of cassava root and waste (onggok). Addition of nitrogen inorganic in the fermentation process increases the mold growth and protein content of the product, while fiber and cyanogenic contents are decreased due to mold degradation activity. The fermentation process may be carried out using only the cassava peel as the substrate or mixed with wheat flour, using indigenous microbes, Aspergillus niger or a white rot fungus, Panus tigrinus as inoculum. As well as fermented cassava root and waste, fermented cassava peel can be used to substitute maize as poultry feed, although it is reported that the optimum substitution in broiler ration is only 10%. Key words: Cassava peel, fermentation, nutritional value, poultry

Sustainable Livestock Production in The Perspective of National Food Security Policy Soedjana, Tjeppy D
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

This paper presents an overview of the role that livestock play in various dimensions of food security. Food security is defined as a state of affairs where all people at all times have access to safe and nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life. Availability, accessibility, and affordability of individuals to consume food according to their respective socio-economic conditions are important dimensions. It describes the place of livestock products in human nutrition, the contribution of livestock to the national food supply and the way that livestock can affect food access, as a direct source of food and a source of income. Access to food is the most basic human right, especially for Indonesia with more than 240 million people with annual growth of 1.3%. To secure food availability, a sustainable food production growth more than 2% per year, including animal protein sources, is needed. It is necessary to strengthen food supply by maximizing available resources; improve food distribution system to guarantee a stable food supply and public access; encourage diversified food consumption; and prevent as well as resolve food scarcity. Furthermore, within the national objectives for self-sufficiency in rice, corn, soybean, and white sugar, the current annual percapita consumption of livestock products has reached 6.96 kg (meat), 7.3 kg (eggs) and 16.5 kg (milk), which indicates good progress to stimulate sustainable domestic livestock production. Key words: Food security, sustainability, livestock production

Utilization of Natural Products as Functional Feed Magdalena, Stella; H, Natadiputri G; F, Nailufar; T, Purwadaria
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The use of antibiotics as feed additive improves performance in livestock. However, scientific data related to the use of antibiotics in feed merge spreading of bacterial resistance in animal and human bodies, therefore the usage of antibiotics in animal production is restricted. This condition raise the utilization of natural antibiotic as functional feed such as phytogenics (essential oil, flavonoid, saponin, and tannin), enzyme, probiotic, and prebiotic to improve the livestockâs performance, quality, and health. Functional feeds increase profitability in animal husbandry production and its use is feeds are expected to be functional foods that may have positive effects in human nutrition. Key words: Functional feed, phytogenic, enzyme, probiotic, prebiotic

Turmeric (Curcuma Longa Linn.) Supplementation as an Alternative to Antibiotics in Poultry Diets Dono, Nanung Danar
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Antibiotics have been used in non-therapeutic fashion as growth promoter for about 50 years in many parts of the world. It has been proven that supplementation of antibiotics in the diets reduces morbidity and mortality, as well as improve feed efficiency and overall growth performance of broiler chickens. However, the routine use of these antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) is being curtailed in view of threat to public health occurring through microflora that are developing resistance to antibiotics. This risk has driven European Union and other countries to withdraw authorization of in-feed antibiotics since 1997. Removal of AGPs resulted in substantial increase infections in poultry. As a consequence, the poultry industry needs to find alternatives to antibiotics in order to stem the effects of infection. One comparable alternative is natural sources of herbs and medicinal plants, which later known as phytobiotics. For the last 15 years, these alternatives have been increasingly claimed to increase enteric health, stimulate digestive system, and enhance growth performance. It was reported that turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) belongs to such class of medicinal plant and may be an alternative to antibiotics in poultry production. In this review, the responses of poultry to diets supplemented with turmeric on growth performance, egg production, health status, and carcass characteristic were briefly discussed. Keywords: Turmeric, non-antibiotic feed additive, poultry production

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Indonesian Center for Animal Science Research and Development Jl. Raya Pajajaran Kav E-59 Bogor 16151 Bogor Indonesia

Location
Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA