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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

69 70 71 72 73

Feed Technology of Fibrous Sugarcane Residues for Ruminants Kuswandi .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 2 (2007): JUNE 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Abundant sugarcane residue during shortage of roughage in dry season gives an opportunity to raise ruminants around sugarcane industries. However, these products are not widely used by farmers due to an assumption that the usage is inefficient and that the feed utilization technology is not widely recognized. Sugarcane fibrous residues (tops, bagasse and pith) may be a potential feed component if pre-treated to increase its digestion and consumption by the animal, and/or supplemented by other ingredients to balance nutrients in the rumen as well as those for production purpose. Digestibility can be increased by chemical treatments such as ammoniation and other alkaline treatments, whereas consumption can be increased by physical treatments such as grinding, hammermilling or pelleting. Nutrients that are missing in these fibrous residues can be provided by addition of urea, molasses and minerals for maintenance need, and bypass nutrients (carbohydrates, protein and fats) that are digested in the small intestine and available for tissue or milk synthesis. There are three options for development of livestock agribusiness based on fibrous sugarcane residues; however, these require several technologies to optimize the utilization of these residues. Key words: Sugarcane fibrous residues, treament, supplements, ruminants

Anticipating the Emerging of Some Strategical Infectious Animal Diseases in Indonesia Related to The Effect of Global Warming and Climate Change Sjamsul Bahri; T Syafriati
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 21, No 1 (2011): MARCH 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The effect of global warming and climate change is changing the season, included flooding in one area and very dry in other area, changing the temperature and humidity. These changes will trigger changing of the life of biological agent (virus, bacteria, parasites and so on), variety of animal species, variety of vectors as reservoir host of animal with the role of transmitting the disease to other animal species, This condition will trigger the new animal disease (emerging disease) or old disease will be re-emerged (re-emerging diseases). This paper will discuss the effect of global warming and climate change on animal diseases in Indonesia such as Bluetongue (BT), Nipah, Japanese encephalitis (JE), West Nile (WN), and Rift Valley fever (RVF). The climate changes such as increasing the earth temperature and rainfall will cause extremely increase of vector population for BT, JE, WN and RVF. In addition, animal transportation and bird migration from one country to others or region will cause changing of ecological system and will open the chance to distribute the diseases. Hence, anticipation on those disease outbreaks should be taken by conducting the surveilance and early detection to those diseases. The possibility of entering Nipah disease in Indonesia should be anticipated because the avaibility of Nipah virus and the reservoir host (Pteropus spp) and also pigs as amplifier host in the surrounding area. Other diseases such as, leptospirosis, anthrax and avian influenza (H5N1) are also have a wider potential to distributing the disease related to the climate change in Indonesia. Key words: Global warming, climate change, zoonotic disease

Canine Parvovirus in Dogs Indrawati Sendow
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 2 (2003): JUNE 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Parvovirus disease in dogs is caused by Parvovirus, a member of famili Parvoviridae. In young puppies, less than 4 months age, CPV infect heart, while older puppies CPV will infect tractus digestivus, which caused blood diarrhoea. In general, the cinical signs of CPV disease are vomit, loss appetite, and blood diarrhoea. Parvovirus will inactivated by given chemical reagents such as Hypoclorised or formalin. Vaccination is the only way to protect the disease. The right time of vaccination will give the optimum protection of the disease. Hence, monitoring the immune response after vaccination needs to be developed to gain the information on the best time to vvaccinate the dogs, so the failure of vaccination can be avoided. Key words: Parvovirus, vaccination, diagnosis

Optimizing The Use of Cassava Plant and its Byproduct as Ruminant Feed Risa Antari; U Umiyasih
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 19, No 4 (2009): DECEMBER 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

An alternative to overcome the lack of feed is to use local feed resources. Cassava (Manihot utilissima) is a tropical plant that grows easily in all types of soil. At the time of harvest, the price is relatively cheap. Cassava has a low nutritive value, especially in crude protein, but it is a potential source of energy. The research to optimize the use of cassava as feed is by enrichment of its nutritional value, production of single cell protein or supplementation with other feed ingredient. Cassava leaves or hay contain high protein level so that it can be used as protein source. However, its utilization is limited by anti nutritive compounds, such as cyanide acid and linamarin. It can be overcome by physical, chemical and biological treatments as detoxification. The use of cassava in livestock feed requires a formulation strategy to obtain the optimal productivity. Key words: Byproducts, cassava, feed, cattle

Mulberry Foliage As Forage Protein Source For Sheep And Goat Dwi Yulistiani
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 22, No 1 (2012): MARCH 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Protein is one of limiting nutrient factor that determine the production level of livestock including sheep and goat. However, the price of protein feed source from oil meal or animal by-products is expensive and sometimes it is not are affordable by small scale farmers in the village. On the other hand, ruminants animal have the advantage of having rumen which able in using protein from forage to meet their protein requirement. Therefore this is important to obtain alternative feed which is cheap, affordable and have high quality and available throughout the year to increase sheep and goat productivity. Mulbery (Morus alba) plant can grow well all the year in tropical condition like Indonesia. Mulbery foliage has high protein content (> 20%), so it is potential to be used as protein foliage source in goat and sheep diet. Mulberry foliage supplementation in sheep diet could increase dry matter consumption 22.5% and followed by average daily gain 85% compared to unsuplemented diet. Key words: Mulberry foliage, protein, sheep and goat

The Impact of Policy Application on Milk Industry to The Social Welfare Atien Priyanti; W Rindayati; G A J Rumagit
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 2 (2004): JUNE 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

An assessment to identify and qualify the impact of policy application on milk industry in Indonesia has been carried out to estimate the extent of profit and loss obtained by milk industry producers, including the government . The development of milk industry in Indonesia in the last decade has been very significant supported by the government. Application policy of BUSEP ratio since 1982 was very powerful in order to give protection to dairy farmers, this consider a non-tariff barrier policy. Nevertheless, since the Gol has signed the memorandum of understanding with IMF in January 1988 of the elimination for nontariff barrier policy, the application of BUSEP ratio has also denied. Through comparative static analysis, it could be shown that the application of BUSEP ratio decreased economic development due to decreasing consumer surplus, increasing producer surplus and decreasing net social welfare. Fiscal policy such as application of import tariff may also decrease the economic development, however it could decrease the import volume, with the assumption of unchanged export volume, it results trade surplus. The application of 5% import tariff of milk may decrease consumer surplus, increase producer surplus and government revenue from tax along with its dead weight loss. Application of import tariff from the government has resulted decreasing net social welfare. Key words: Policy analysis, milk industry, producer and consumer surplus, and social welfare

Candidate Gene of Milk Protein for Genetic Improvement of Dairy Cattle Santiananda Arta Asmarasari; C Sumantri; A Gunawan; E Taufik; A Anggraeni
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 29, No 2 (2019): June 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The objective of this paper is to explore some efforts to increase milk protein of dairy cows through a milk protein control gene selection approach. Improving the quality of cow's milk has shifted to increase milk protein levels, due to nutritional and economic interest. The breeding process in producing dairy cattle with the advantage of having high milk protein content is more effectively carried out by molecular biotechnology approaches. The content of cow's milk protein is controlled by cow's milk protein control genes. In the process to produce dairy cattle with the advantage of having high milk protein content, it can be done with a selection approach based on milk protein control genes, namely CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, and CSN3. Once known, the main controller gene that causes high levels of cow's milk protein, it will be easy to identify dairy cattle that have these advantages, so that the selection of dairy cattle can be done since at early age.

The Structure and Role of Segment 7 (Matrix Protein) and Segment 8 (Non Structural) in The Life Cycle and Virulence of Influenza Virus N.L.P. Indi Dharmayanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 20, No 2 (2010): JUNE 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Matrix (M) and Non Structural (NS) proteins are smallest segments of influenza virus genome. The noncoding sequences at each end include the sequences of 11 – 13 nucleotides at the 5’ ends and 9 – 11 nucleotides at the 3’ end which are highly conserved between seven or eight different RNA segments and very similar for A, B and C influenza viruses. Protein of M1 is an essential structural component of the virion and participates in other steps during the replication of influenza virus. During early viral infection, dissociation of M1 from RNP is required for entry of viral RNP into the cytoplasm of the host cell. On the other hand, NS1 is a multifunctions protein that performs a plethora of activities, which may additionally contribute toward efficient virus replication and virulence during infection. The role of NS1 are temporal regulation of viral RNA synthesis, control of viral mRNA splicing, enhancement of viral mRNA translation, regulation of virus particle morphogenesis, suppression of host immune/apoptotic responses, activation of phosphoinositide 3–kinase (PI3K); and involvement in strain-dependent pathogenesis. This paper reviews the structure and role of two proteins i.e. Matrix and Nonstructural to understand the character of influenza virus especially in virulence and pathogenesis ability of virus other than hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) protein as known. Key words: Influenza virus, matrix protein, non structural protein

Formation of Poultry Meat Flavor by Heating Process and Lipid Oxidation Maijon Purba
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 24, No 3 (2014): SEPTEMBER 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Flavor is an important factor in the acceptance of food. Flavor of poultry meat is naturally formed through a specific process of heating, where various chemical reactions complex occurred among nonvolatile precursors in fatty tissue or in lean tissue. The main flavor in the form of volatile and nonvolatile components play a major influence on the acceptance of various processed meat, especially the taste. Removal of sulfur components decreases meat flavor (meaty), while removal of carbonyl compounds decrease the specific flavor and increases common flavor of the meat. Poultry meat has a fairly high fat content that easily generates lipid oxidation. Lipid oxidation in poultry meat is a sign that the meat was damaged and caused off odor. Addition of antioxidants in the diet can inhibit lipid oxidation in the meat. Lipids interaction with proteins and carbohydrates is unavoidable during the thermal processing of food, causing the appearance of volatile components. The main reaction in meat flavor formation mechanism is Maillard reaction followed by Stecker reaction and degradation of lipids and thiamine. They involve in the reaction between carbonyl and amine components to form flavor compounds, which enhance the flavor of poultry meat. Key words: Flavor, off flavor, poultry meat, lipid oxidation, antioxidant

Swamp Buffalo in South Kalimantan : Problem, Disease and Control Lily Natalia; Suhardono .; Adin Priadi
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 16, No 4 (2006): DECEMBER 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

In recent years, several studies have been carried out to evaluate and investigate the important diseases of swamp buffaloes (Bubalus carabanensis) in Kalimantan . More attention has been focused on the case of acute infectious diseases and sudden death in the buffaloes . Fasciolosis black disease, acute enteritis, especially fatal enterotoxaemia haemorrhagic septicaemia . and trypanosomiasis (Surra), are some of the important diseases found in these animals . Black disease caused by toxigenic Clostridium novyi occurs in the presence of the organism in the liver and the degree of liver fluke Fasciola gigantica infestation . In regions where black disease is enzootic, Cl. novvi can be isolated from livers of normal healthy animals . In Hulu Sungai Utara district, South Kalimantan, the prevalence of fasciolosis caused by Fasciola gigantica in swamp buffalo was 77% in 1991 . A gross sudden change in diet due to seasonal changes could induce rumen and intestinal stasis, which provide a favourable environment for the rapid proliferation of commensal toxigenic Clostridium perfringens in the small intestine . Subsequent absorption of the toxin produced through the gut wall and its generalized dissemination culminated in a fatal enterotoxaemia . Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is an acute, fatal disease affecting swamp buffalo, and caused by Pasteurella multocida B : 2 . The swamp buffalo is particularly susceptible for HS, and the reported greatest losses of swamp buffalo in Kalimantan due to HS is recorded in 1980s. The clinical signs of Surra in swamp buffalo were also found in certain areas in Danau Panggang area . Hulu Sungai Utara district . Vaccination is the accepted method for controlling Black disease, enterotoxaemia and HS. Multi component vaccine, alum adjuvant containing at least 5 types of clostridial toxoids and P. multocida B2 bacterin have been used and provide good protection to the animals . Control and treatment of liver fluke infestation is advisable. Vaccination is recommended annually and should be carried out regularly . In these days, the farmers concern about the availability of the grass in the Danau Panggang area . The primary feed grass (Oryza sativa forma spontanea L), of the swamp buffalo were not sufficient in the low-tide season. The over population of Pamocea canaliculata (golden snail), a pest for lake vegetations, was thought to be responsible for this phenomena . Growing forages as the source of animal feed may be an option to improve the current performance of the swamp buffalo in the area. Key words : Diseases, swamp buffalo, control, South Kalimantan

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