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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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Animal Biotechnology and Cultural Ecology Kedi Suradisastra; Adriana M Lubis
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 10, No 2 (2000)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Animal biotechnology development is strongly related to historical contexts of animal production in a country and the receiving environment, particularly the existing cultural ecology. Cultural ecology influences both progress and process of adoption of such technology. A simulation on the technology’s discriminating power indicates that only those with sufficient techno-economic and social capability have greater possibility to adopt such a technology. Key words: Biotechnology, cultural ecology, adoption

Molecular Characterization of Pasteurella multocida: Its Implication with Epidemiology and The Development of Local Isolate Vaccines Supar .; Tati Ariyanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 4 (2007): DECEMBER 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Pasteurella multocida strains are the causative agents of pasteurellosis attacking wide range domestic and wild animals. The important pasteurellosis in animals in Indonesia are Haemorrhagic septicaemic (HS) or Septicaemia epizootica (SE) in large and small ruminants, fowl cholera in poultry and water powls. HS associated with P. multocida in large ruminants was controlled by killed whole cell vaccines produced by the use of P. multocida Katha strain, whereas fowl cholera was controlled by antimicrobial drugs. At present, there are only a limited molecular biology techniques have been applied to investigate P. multocida isolates from different geographic locations in Indonesia. Genomic DNA of P. multocida from HS cases from various provinces which were treated with restriction endonuclease ApaI and analysed by means of pulsed-field gel electrophoreses (PFGE) demonstrated the presence of high degree distinctive DNA pattern compared to that of the vaccine (Katha) strain from Burma and other reference strains. Similar different patterns were found in genomic DNA of local P. multocida isolates from cholera disease of chicken and ducks. P. multocida isolates from some provinces showed different DNA patterns to each other. These DNA pattern differences were probably associated with the alteration of their pathogenicity, antigenicity and immunogenicity, but it has not been confirmed yet. Vaccines prepared from P. multocida isolate originated from local HS cases and local cholera demonstrated better protection in experimental animals against heterologous and homologous challenges, in terms of higher and consistency antibody responses compared to that of Katha strain or imported P. multocida poultry strains. This supports the potential aspects of molecular characterization of local P. multocida isolates kept at the BCC Unit. These isolates may play an important role in developing local master seeds to produce pasteurellosis local vaccines which would be more promising to be used in Indonesia in the future but further field trials are still needed. Key words: Pasteurella multocida, characterization, DNA analysis, vaccines

Crop Livestock System in South Sulawesi: Review of Implementary Activities Andi Ella
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

South Sulawesi has considerated having amount of rice field i.e. 598,218 hectare about 21.49% out of the total land for agriculture activities. Some of these are irrigated rice field, either technical or non-technical irrigated which contributes to the production of rice. These land is also used as production center for cattle. The population of cattle is 805,868 heads in 1995 decreased to 749,327 heads in 1999 (1.8% decreased each year). Both commodities (rice and cattle) were agribusiness oriented. However, the productivity of rice has been facing leveling off, with the maximum average is 4 – 6 ton/ha. It is likely that the due to phenomena degradation of the soil, so that it can not support the optimum condition of the growing rice because of inadequate a certain nutrient or lack of organic carbon which can not support the uptake of a certain nutrient. One of the alternative to improve these condition was the application of compost which produced from cattle manure. The main feed of cattle can be provided from rice straw, which is available with the amount of 4-5 ton/ha/growing season. It means that the potential production of rice straw every season was 1,196,432 heaps, which can be used as cattle, feed to increase cattle production. Each cattle could produce 4 – 5 ton fresh manure/year, which can be processed to cattle manure (compost) at the rate of 2 ton/year/cattle, so that it is estimated the number of compost can be produced in South Sulawesi was 1,498,654 ton/year. This can be applied to 749,327 ha of rice field with the rate of 1.5 – 2 t/ha. Therefore, the integration of cattle into a rice system could increased productivity of the two commodities. The implementation of CLS in South Sulawesi has the following problems: a) in the intensive area of growing rice, the threshing mashed was done using power thresher, and cutting the rice straw at the top (one third from the top) which cause problem for farmers to collect the rice straw for cattle feed, b) most of farmers have no any experience in using rice straw for fodder, c) the majority of farmers do not have animal shelter. Key words: Integration, feed cattle, rice straw, fermentation

The Role of Dairy Cattle Husbandry in Supporting The Development of National Dairy Industry Anneke Anggraeni; Sofjan Iskandar
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 2 (2008): JUNE 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

An intensive development in Indonesian dairy industry has expanded over two decades. During this period, the structure of the national dairy industry has progressed completely. The capacity of the national fresh milk production, however, has been able to supply only 35% of domestic milk demand. The milk domestic demand is predicted to be continous due to the increases in the national population and their welfare. Raising temperate dairy breed (Holstein-Friesian) under tropical climate has resulted many deteriorates in productivity. More inferiority has been found under a semi-intensive management at small dairy farms. The existence of various changes in the global trade regulation for agriculture commodities has been a considerable factor directly affecting the future development of the national dairy industry. Increasing efficiency of various determinant components of the national dairy industry is required to produce domestic fresh milk in a good quality at a competitive price. This paper is dealing with the status of various determined factors especially for dairy livestock components to improve the future national dairy industry prospectively, involving for the national dairy cattle population, domestic milk yield, productivity of dairy cattle, breeding system and supporting reproduction technology. More over, other essential factors providing for dairy institution as well as distribution and marketing domestic milk production are also described. Key words: Dairy cattle husbandry, small dairy farms, national dairy industry

The Advantage of Rumen Fluid Collection Technique Using Trocar in Animal Welfare Nafly Comilo Tiven
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 22, No 4 (2012): DECEMBER 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Trocar, a tool to remove the gas in livestock that have bloated stomach, has been modified for rumen fluid collection, as an alternative methods in animal welfare aspects. Rumen fluid collection with trocar modification can be made very easy, cheap and fast at the local sheep, both in vitro and in vivo. After the collection, the trocar does not leave permanent scars because scars on the rumen wall and skin will heal and return to normal. The animal relatively does not suffer from pain and stress; feed intake and body weight do not decrease drastically and animal can live normal. The rumen fluid sampling technique with trocar is better than fistulation in animal welfare aspect. Key words: Animal welfare, fistulation, trocar

The Role of Colostrum for Passive Immunity Transfer in Newborn Calf Henderiana L.L Belli
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 19, No 2 (2009): JUNE 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The neonatal immune system at birth is naive to the wide variety and types of pathogen present in the environment. Consumption of colostrum to provide circulating IgG prior to the cessation of macromolecular transport (“closure”) is essential to ensure the healthiness of the calves. There are many factors that may influence the absorption of immunoglobulin G (IgG) by calves from their mothers as passive immunity, including the timing of colostrum intake. The earliest colostrum intake within 6 hours after birth is primarily important, when the colostrum’s value is the most complete from biological point of view i.e. high titre of Ig, high lysozyme, bactericidal and growth factors. Igs are absorbed by small intestine mucosa by pinocytosis for a relative short time (8 – 12 hours), then, the permeability of intestinal mucosa in calves strongly decreases and becomes entirely impermeable after 24 hours. Successful transfer of passive immunity has been determined by measuring the concentration of IgG in the serum of the calf at 24 to 48 hours after birth. The critical level for determining failure of passive transfer of immunity (FPT) is usually considered at 10 g/l. Calves with less than 10 g/l of serum IgG are at high risk of diseases than calves with higher serum IgG concentration. There are many factors that influence the concentration of IgG in the blood of the calf at the age of 24 to 48 hours, including apparent efficiency of IgG absorption (AEA). Key words: Colostrum, immunoglobulin, neonatal, intestinal closure

Participation Rate as A Basis for Measuring Food Security Status of Meat Tjeppy D Soedjana
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 4 (2013): DECEMBER 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Food security has been developed as way for decision makers to pay more attention to this sector. It is believed that foods which are efficiently produced in one area or country may be accessed by other areas or countries. However, this concept is difficult to be implemented since almost none of countries in the world have all resources to produce what is needed by its people. Food consumption, including beef, would be better measured using participation rate which indicates a cluster of its consumer instead of using all population as a denominator for calculating per capita consumption, except for commodities whose consumer member of its cluster close to 100% of the population. For commodities whose consumers less than 50% of its cluster it is more effective to use the size of the cluster as the denominator. Diversified food consumption of animal origin in Indonesia has been indicated by the fact that it has been naturally established. Animal meat consumption diversification for many reasons is influenced by cultural, preferences or other economic status of the households. This phenomena is also indicated by the magnitude of positive cross price elasticity between beef and mutton, beef and poultry meat, and between poultry meat and fish. Therefore, every effort to push higher consumption of one meat type, will reduce the participation rate of others. Susenas data indicated participation rates for beef and buffalo meat were 26.15% (2002), 21.93% (2005), 16.18% (2008) and 16.16% (2011), while poultry meat had higher participation rate as 65.46% (2002), 63.48% (2005), 57.67% (2008) and 56.98% (2011). Application of participation rate approach on the production of beef and buffalo meat resulted in the annual percapita consumption of 6.71 kg (2002), 10.47 kg (2005), 10.82 kg (2008) and 13.11 kg (2011). It concludes that balanced participation rates of meat components (beef and poultry meat), need to be maintained as the existed diversified meat consumption. Effort to increase beef consumption will result in deindustrialization to other meat. Key words: Participation rate, food security, food diversification, meat

Nipah and its Current Situation in Indonesia Indrawati Sendow; R M Abdul Adjid
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 2 (2005): JUNE 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Recently, the incidence of zoonotic disease in the world increases, due to technology development, human activities and ecosystem changes . One of these diseases is an outbreak of Nipah in the neighbouring country, Malaysia, which caused 105 people died and more than one million pig were culled . Malaysia is the adjacent country to Indonesia, hence, it is possible that Nipah will be transferred to Indonesia through imported pigs and their products, and the migration of wild animal such as fruit bat. Because of Nipah is one of emerging diseases and hazardous to human, it needs a serious attention . Preliminary results on Nipah serology at the Research Institute for Veterinary Science . Bogor .. indicated that pigs in Riau. North Sumatera . North Sulawesi and West Jawa areas were negative to Nipah virus infection . However, the reservoir host, fruit bats from North Sumatera, West Java and East Java areas had been proven to have antibodies against Nipah virus using both ELISA and serum neutralization tests . With this condition, human and animal health departments should anticipate a possible occurrence of Nipah viral infection in Indonesia . This paper reviewes many aspects of Nipah included aetiology, epidemiology, the situation in Indonesia, prevention and controlling recommendation, that can be used as an input in order to improve veterinary public health in Indonesia. Key words: Nipah, aetiology, epidemiology, controlling, Indonesia

Reconstruction of Beef Cattle and Dairy Cattle Development in Indonesia Abdulrahman Siregar; Abdurrays Ambar Karto
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 8, No 2 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Dairy cattle and beef cattle industrial development have not fulfilled consumption requirement in Indonesia. Indonesia has imported milk since the beginning of Pelita I (Five years planning of Indonesian development). Once Indonesia was able to export beef, but a now days beefis being imported, and continue to increase every year. There are four factors need to be considered (1) the dairy and beef cattle form which has been raised separately, should be raised jointly and developed with "dual purpose" cattle, (2) livestock production system, should be carried as commercial enterprise, (3) application of appropriate technologies, (4) develop proper marketing in line with production system. Key words : Dairy cattle, beef cattle, "dual purpose" cattle, milk, meat, development

Pelung-Kampung Crosbred Chicken : Dietary Protein for 12 Weeks Old Meat Production Sofjan Iskandar
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 16, No 2 (2006): JUNE 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Increasing the utilization of local chickens has been put into national priority . Kampung chicken has been one of many local chickens used as a source of meat for consumption . Kampung chicken has actually an important role to rural community . Meat production of Kampung chicken is considerably low compared to modern selected broiler chicken . Pelung chicken is one of the local chickens, having larger body size that other local chickens . The crossing of Pelung male to Kampung female is one of the shortcuts in improving local chickens meat production . Pelung-Kampung cross could be a choice for commercial local meat type of chicken . Discussion is done on growth, carcass composition, body composition, and energy and nitrogen retentions. Keeping the bird up to 12 weeks of age with dietary protein of 21% for starter (0 - 6 weeks of age) followed by dietary protein 17% (6 - 12 weeks of age) resulted in the most economic return, but did not indicate a significant increase in biological variables . The rations with 19% dietary protein for starter followed by dietary protein of 15% for finisher up to 12 weeks of age were relatively a better choice of feeding strategy with lower input . Key words : Pelung x Kampung chicken, dietary protein, growth

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Indonesian Center for Animal Science Research and Development Jl. Raya Pajajaran Kav E-59 Bogor 16151 Bogor Indonesia

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INDONESIA