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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

68 69 70 71 72

Anthrax Outbreak of Ostrich Farm in The Regency of Purwakarta, West Java, Indonesia Suprodjo Hardjoutomo; M Bhakti Poerwadikarta; Koko Barkah
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

An anthrax outbreak in ostrich farm in the Regency of Purwakarta, West Java occurred in late of 1999. It is belived that the case as the first reported anthrax outbreak of ostrich in Indonesia. A total number of 254 head of ostriches have had succumbed of the disease and the death of ostriches has actually been commenced in August, 1999 until December, 1999. The anthrax diagnosis has been confirmed laboratorically by the Research Institute for Veterinary Science (RIVS), Bogor, West Java. It was found that 59 out of 130 pieces of processed ostrich skin samples were positive Bacillus anthracis. Whereas, 4 soil samples and 37 frozen meats offals and body fat samples were all negative. In parallel of the outbreak of anthrax in Purwakarta, special action have to be forced into the community as far as the veterinary policy of the Republic of Indonesia in concerned. Key words: Anthrax, ostrich, Purwakarta, outbreak

Bovine Tuberculosis, A Zoonotic Disease Tarmudji .; Supar .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 4 (2008): DECEMBER 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Bovine tuberculosis is caused by the infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis (M. bovis). This species is one of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, can infect wide range of hosts: cattle and other domesticated animals, wild mammals and humans (zoonotic). M. bovis bacterium from infected hosts can be transmitted to other susceptible animals and humans through respiratory excretes and secretion materials. Humans can be infected with M. bovis by ingested M. bovis contaminated animal products, unpasteurised milk from tuberculosis cows or through respiratory route of contaminated aerosol. Bovine tuberculosis at the first stage does not show any clinical sign but as the disease progress in the next stage which may take several months or years, clinical signs may arise, suh as: fluctuative body temperature, anorexia, lost body weight, coughing, oedema of lymph nodes, increased respiratory frequencies. Pathological lesion of bovine tuberculosis is characterised by the formation of granulomas (tubercles), in which bacterial cells have been localised, most in lymph nodes and pulmonum, but can occur in other organs. The granulomas usually arise in small nodules or tubercles appear yellowish either caseus, caseo-calcareus or calcified. In Indonesia, bovine tuberculosis occurred in dairy cattle since 1905 through the imported dairy cows from Holland and Australian. It was unfortunate that until recently, there were not many research and surveilances of bovine tuberculosis conducted in this country, so the distribution of bovine tuberculosis is unknown. Early serological diagnosis can be done on live cattle by means of tuberculin tests under field conditions. Confirmation can be done by isolation and identification of excreted and secreted samples from the slaughter house. Antibiotic treatment and vaccination were uneffective, therefore the effective control of bovine tuberculosis is suggested by tuberculin tests and by slaughtering the selected positive reactors. Key words: Bovine tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, zoonotic disease

Merapi Disaster Impact on The Dairy Business in The District of Sleman Nyak Ilham; Atien Priyanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 21, No 4 (2011): DECEMBER 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Merapi disaster with a variety of volcanic material caused fatalities or death and directly influenced on the health of cattle. Both of these effects in addition to psychological effects that cause farmers panic and economically are very harmful. This study aims to analyze the impact of Merapi disaster on dairy cow production and estimate the economic losses on the dairy cattle business. The analysis showed that Merapi disaster caused the death of livestock and reduced milk production. Livestock deaths are mainly caused by hot clouds, lava and ash that consumed through food and the respiratory tract. Decrease in milk production varies from 6.7 percent to 84 percent. Cows that are left displaced and not given food and drink for four days obviously decreased in milk production. The death of livestock, disruption of institutional marketing input and output, falling livestock prices and the decline in milk production resulted in losses IDR. 21.0 billion. Key words: Impact, Merapi eruption, dairy cow

Antigent Type Variation of Salmonella Pullorum Found in Indonesiaand the Spread of Salmonella Serotypes in Chicken J Sri Poernomo
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 4 (2004): DECEMBER 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Salmonella pullorum (0,, 9,, 2 antigen structure) is the cause of pullorum disease attacking young ages under a month with a mortality rate between 20% and 80% and adult chickens act as carriers. The disease is spread horizontally and vertically trough the eggs from the hens to their chicks . Treatment with antibiotics and sulfa only reduces the infection, but it can not break the spreading cycle. The disease can be eliminated by conducting pullorum test on hens prior to egg laying . Hens with positive results (reactors) must be killed/removed from the farms. Pullorum antigen is made from S. pullorum . Suspension S. Pullorum has a somatic antigen structure (O) with varied factor 12 consisting of 12 1, 122 and 123 fractions thereby we recognize S. pullorum standard, i.e . S. pullorum possessing antigen structure with fraction 12 3 dominant, variant with fraction 122 dominant and intermediate of balance 12 2 and 123 If chickens in the field infected by S. pullorum variants are tested with S. Pullorum antigen standard, it is not detected and vice versa. Therefore, Pullorum antigen must contain S. pullorum antigen standard and variant known as polyvalent Pullorum antigen. In Indonesia, from 1971 to 1982, 25 isolates were isolated from fauns in Bogor, Jakarta, Bandung and Medan, and after bring tested serologically (fast agglutination) there were 5 isolates of S. Pullorum standard, 14 isolates of S. pullorum variant, 1 of the S. pullorum intermediate, and 5 isolates of rough shapes. Therefore, the Pullorum antigens used in Indonesia and the world generally colored polyvalent antigen S. pullorum standard and S. Pullorum and S. pullorum variant. In this paper, it is also reported the spread of Salmonella serotypes tested by at Research Institute for Veterinary Science from 1984 to 2003 . Key words: Salmonella pullorum, chicken, antigen S. pullorum

Virus Pathogenity of Newcastle Disease in Chicken Dyah Ayu Hewajuli; N.L.P Indi Dharmayanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 21, No 2 (2011): JUNE 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the highly infectious diseases in poultry industry. Newcastle disease causes high morbidity and mortality in birds, then it causes significant loss for poultry industry. This disease is caused by Avian paramyxovirus-1, included in the genus of Avulavirus and family of Paramyxoviridae. This virus has six prior proteins and two non structural proteins that evolving its genom. Those proteins are Nucleocapsid protein (N), Phosphoprotein (P), Matrix protein (M), Fusion protein (F), Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein (HN) and Large polymerase protein (L) and two non structural proteins iVe and W protein which are produced during the transcriptation process of P gen on editing process. Each of the protein has a specific role that responsible for the virulence of the virus. The previous result showed that HN and F proteins have significant contribution in the virulence and spreading of ND virus in the hosts. Virulence of ND virus primarily is determined by the cleavage site of F protein, but the recent research showed that the cleavage site motiv of F0 protein is not the only factor to determine the virulence of ND virus. Besides F protein, other proteins also contribute patern to the virulence of ND virus. ND virus can infect more than 200 species of birds, but the severity level of the disease varies depending on the host and strain of ND virus. Chicken has the highest pathogenicity index compared to other birds. Generally, the immunity system in chicken against infection of ND virus is similar to the immunity system of other birds. Cell mediated and humoral immunity responses play an important role in overcome ND virus. Key words: Newcastle disease, protein, immunity response

Broodiness Trait of Chicken Through Molecular Investigation Tike Sartika
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 4 (2005): DECEMBER 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Incubation behavior of Kampung chicken is associated with the cessation of egg laying, and intensity of broodiness trait depends on genetic and environmental factors such as breed, management system, type of cages and photo periodicity. In this review, broodiness trait was investigated through molecular analysis. The result of the study concluded that there are two hypothesis of genetic incubation behavior. Some authors agreed that the incubation behavior is controlled by a major gene sexlinked on the Z chromosome. The prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene is a candidate gene for broodiness trait on the Z chromosome. However, the expression of broodiness in White Leghorn and Bantam hens cannot be explained by differences in the amounts of PRLR mRNA in the transcription or gross structure of the PRLR gene. The other hypothesis concluded that the incubation behavior is controlled by a small number of dominant autosomal genes with no sex linkage. Prolactin promoter (PRLp) gene is the major gene autosomal as starting point to express prolactin gene on the 2 chromosome. Prolactin promoter gene could be represented by the broodiness bands. Genotype AA and AC is identified as the broody genotype and BB as the non broody genotype. Key words: Broodiness, prolactin receptor, prolactin promoter, Kampung chicken

Infectious Bronchitis (IB) Disease and its Control in Chicken Risa Indriani; Darminto .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 9, No 2 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Infectious Bronchitis (IB) is an acute, highly contagious viral respiratory disease of chicken’s caracterized by tracheal rallies, coughing, sneezing and nasal discharge in young chicks. In addition, the disease may affect kidhney, and in laying flock there is usually a drop in egg production and quality. IB is a major negative economic importance in poultry industry because the disease causes poor weight gain and feed efficiency, mortality in young chicks, reduction in egg production and egg quality in laying flock. IB is distributed worldwide and has been reported to be present in Indonesia. IB is caused by virus of a member of Coronaviridae under genera of Coronavirus. Spreading of IB virus among chickens usually by inhalation. Diagnosis of the disease can be based on the isolation and identification of the virus using embryonated chicken eggs and trachea organ culture. There is no treatment available for IB, so the control of the disease is mainly by vaccination. The existence of multiple serotipes of IB virus requires vaccines which are represent the antigenic spectrum of field isolates. To ensure the results of vaccination program, monitoring antibody titers following vaccination is recommended. The most widely used serological test for antibody monitoring is an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or Haemaglutination Inhibition (HI) test. Key words: IB, virus, chicken, control

Efforts to Increase the Success Rate of Artificial Insemination on Small Ruminant Ismeth Inounu
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 24, No 4 (2014): DECEMBER 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The success rate of artificial insemination (AI) technology in Indonesia is still low, especially on small ruminants. At experimental station condition, it was reported that the success rate of intrauterine AI was high (78.9% lambing percentage), while intracervix AI technique was still low (47.6% lambing percentage). Various things that could affect the success rate of AI program are discussed in this paper. Efforts to improve the success of artificial insemination in small ruminants (goats and sheep) can be done through the selection of productive female with good reproductive cycle, accurate dose of hormonal synchronization, followed by proper estrous detection and semen placement at the right time. Each stage is still open for more detailed study in order to obtain satisfactory results. Key words: Artificial insemination, small ruminant, success rate

Processing of Meat With Marination System for Increasing Food Safety and Added Value Nurwantoro .; V P Bintoro; A M Legowo; Agung Purnomoadi
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 22, No 2 (2012): JUNE 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

In broad perspective, meat contains many essential nutrients such as protein, fat, minerals, carbohydrates (minor amount) and water. The existence of these nutrients render meat not only as a nutritious food, but also potential as a media for bacterial growth, so that it needs to be further processed. One of the methods to process meat is by soaking the meat in a marinade solution (marination). There are three treatments that maybe performed on meat in the marination system. The first method is using phosphate salt solution to enhance the water holding capacity. The second method is utilizing the acidic salt solution or organic acids to soften the meat and control the bacteria growth. The third method is using spicy solution that can be combined with sugar, salt (NaCl) and organic acids to improve the physical performance and taste of meat as well as to control the growth of bacteria. It is concluded that marination of meat could increase physical, chemical, microbiological properties and sensory. Key words: Marination, meat, safety

Market Outlook and Trading System Beef Cattle in Nusa Tenggara Barat Nyak Ilham
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB or the West Nusa Tenggara) Province is known as one of the centers of cattle production. The demand of local and national beef tend to increase. The local demand is noted still under the threshold of national standard of food sufficiency. Improvement on public welfare will subsequatly increase demandof weat. This study aimed to analyze local markets potential of beef in NTB, to analyze the contribution of NTB at national market, to analyze trading systems of cattle and beef, to assess functional relationship between the local and inter regional markets. The study was carried out in August 2000, in west Nusa Tenggara Province, using a survey method. Primary data were gathered through interviews from a number of farmers and cattle traders based on structural questionaire. Secondary data were collected from related institutions and a number of key people in NTB. Descriptive analyses were used to interpret the results. Results showed that (1) Local beef market in this area still prospective to improved. On the other hand, the involvement of NTB as a player in national market tend to be decreased. But the share quite constant and tend to be increased. (2) An efficient trading systems of cattle and beef were noticed, where farmers gained 76% of the total value paid by cattle trader and the rest was for wholesalers and retailers. (3) There was functional relationship of the local and national markets where demands for national market caused increasing the price of local market. To keep the role of this region as center of national cattle production, breakthrough efforts are needed to improve production sector by accelerating population growth and also by providing conducive circumstances in the policy to meet competitive advantage in national market. Key words: Cattle and beef, prospect, marketing, NTB

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INDONESIA