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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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Myostatin Gene as a Genetic Marker for Growth and Carcass Traits in Beef Cattle Peni Wahyu Prihandini; D N H Hariyono; Y A Tribudi
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 31, No 1 (2021): March 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Growth and carcass traits are of economic importances in livestock breeding, because they affect the profitability of animal production. The phenotypic expression of these traits is controlled by multiple genes (polygenes), such as myostatin (MSTN) gene. This paper aims to discuss the expression, polymorphism and potential application of MSTN gene as a marker-assisted selection (MAS) for growth and carcass traits in beef cattle based on data from published studies. MSTN gene or known as growth and differentiation factor 8 (GDF8) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, which acts as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass deposition. Several published studies showed that mutations in the MSTN gene can inhibit the activation of myostatin, which leads to an increased muscle mass (hypertrophy). Several MSTN gene polymorphisms were reported to be associated with growth and carcass traits in local cattle in several countries, including Indonesia, namely Bali cattle. Based on several assumptions: 1) there is MTSN gene polymorphisms in a population, 2) there is a significant association between MSTN gene polymorphisms and growth and carcass traits, as reported in several beef cattle populations and 3) those cattle with superior genotype have better growth performances, we expect that there will be improvement in growth performances in the future if those cattle are selected. Understanding MSTN gene polymorphisms would be useful to make strategies for the genetic improvement for growth and carcass traits of local cattle.

Implementation of Relationships between Stake holders in Small Scale Broiler Business Partnerships in Indonesia Nyak Ilham
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 30, No 3 (2020): September 2020
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The problem of small-scale broiler business is the low efficiency and low application of biosecurity. In the chicken industry, however, efficiency is an essential consideration for product competitiveness in terms of both price and quality. Vertical integration involving small scale businesses in partnership models is expected to maintain the existence of small scale businesses. This paper aims to analyze the performance of the implementation of various models of broiler business partnerships with the legal basis for the establishment of partnership. In this paper there are four models to be discussed, namely: Partnership of National Price Contract (KKHN), Partnership of Regional Price Contracts (KKHR), Partnership of Local Broiler Maklun (KMLB), and Partnership of Local Revenue Sharing (KBHL). The implementation of legislation for the broiler partnership is weak. This can be seen from the tendency of the core companies to narrow down to the KKHN model, while other models are being pushed and bankrupt, and there is the occurrence of unilateral business relationship termination by the nucleus company to plasma as its business partner. The policy recommendations offered are: (i) There is a need to strengthen regulation and guidance by relevant agencies in charge of animal husbandry and animal health functions at the central and regional levels supported by Business Competition Supervision Commission (KPPU); (ii) The company is advised not to break the partnership relationship with small-scale farmers who have worked together for a long time; (iii) The company should reserve funds from the farmer's chicken harvest to reinvest the chicken cage.

Beneficial of Bioactive Compound of Rice Bran for Chicken’s Functional Feed cecep hidayat; Elizabeth Wina; Soni Sopiyana
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 31, No 2 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Rice bran is a feed ingredient as a result of the rice milling process which widely used as an energy source in the feed formulation in the chicken diet. Rice bran contains various nutrients such as oil, protein, carbohydrates (especially starch), beta-glucans, and pectins. Rice bran contains bioactive compounds that have positive effects on the chicken performance and health. Recently, rice bran’s bioactive compounds have been developed as a source of making functional feed. The objective of this study was to review the bioactive compounds in rice bran and their benefits in order to produce chicken’s functional feed. The results of the study showed that rice bran contains oryzanol as an important bioactive compound that has high antioxidant activity. Furthermore, other bioactive compound, lysolecithin, has an ability to reduce cholesterol content in blood, meat and eggs of chicken. Besides, rice bran extract is reported to exert antibacterial activity and has immunomodulator function. It was concluded that the bioactive compounds of rice bran is potential to be used as a substance for making functional feed for chickens.

The Use of Essential Oils as Rumen Modifier in Dairy Cows Dewi Ayu Ratih Daning; C Hanim; B P Widyobroto; L M Yusiati
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 30, No 4 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Feed efficiency is essential for dairy cows because it can increase production and quality of milk, and reduce methane emissions in the environment. One of the strategies on increasing feed efficiency is using rumen modifier. Essential oils have antimicrobial activities and have been used in rumen modifier in dairy cows. The aim of this paper is to review several studies on the utilization of essential oils as feed additive to enhance production and quality of milk of dairy cow. Based on some research reports, using essential oils which contained thymol, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol in dairy cattle feed decreased the population of protozoa, methanogens, proteolytic, and biohydrogenase bacteria. The impact of engineering of the rumen microbial population has led to optimal rumen fermentation resulted in the efficiency of carbohydrate, protein, and fat utilizations. It can be concluded that essential oils are potential as rumen modifier by inhibit methanogenesis, increase propionate, energy efficiency and ruminal by pass protein. The inconsistent results on milk production and milk fat requires further research to study deeper the effect of dosage and type of essential oils on dairy cows performance.

The Role of Catechin Compound and Its Derivates to Mitigate Methane Gas Production in the Rumen Fermentation Mozart Nuzul Aprilliza; Y N Anggraeny; E Wina
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 31, No 1 (2021): March 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Enteric fermentation and its corresponding to methane emissions take place in many wild and domestic ruminant species, such as deer, buffalo, cattle, goats, sheep. Ruminant animals are different from other animals in that they have a rumen, a large fore-stomach with a complex microbial environment. A resulting of this process is methane (CH4), which has a global warming potential (25 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2)). Because the digestion process is not 100% efficient, some of the energy intake is lost in the form of methane. Recently, natural plant products, such as tea leaves which are often inexpensive and environmentally safe have been introduced in methane mitigation strategies. Tea leaves have potential for use as an additives in ruminant diets. The adding of catechin 10-40 g/Kg DM were able to declined methane emission 7.4–13.5%. Furthermore, catechin could decrease the methane production. Catechin decreased CH4 production both in vitro and in vivo. Catechin causes direct inhibition of methanogens as well as may act as hydrogen sinks during degradation by rumen microbes via cleavage of ring structures and reductive dehydroxylation reactions. The objective of this paper is to review existing knowledge related to discuss how catechins can act as methane-lowering agents from rumen fermentation on ruminants.

Antibacterial Effect and Potency of Jamaican Cherry Leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) as Feed Additive for Antibiotic Growth Promoter Alternative in Animals Anak Agung Gede Fandhiananta Widyanjaya; Anak Agung Gede Jayawardhita
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 31, No 3 (2021): September 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the greatest health challenges in the world. The unwise use of Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP) in livestock is one of the factors that triggers the increase in the incidence of antimicrobial resistance. In an effort to anticipate the negative impact of using antibiotics, alternative materials are needed to replace AGP. From those various problems, this paper aims to provide information on the use of phytogenic feed additives as natural antibacterials that have the potency as an alternative AGP. Based on the results of various studies, Jamaican cherry leaf extract has the ability to inhibit the growth of various bacterial species in vitro. Various phytochemical test results showed that Jamaican cherry leaves contain several types of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that have antibacterial effect. The addition of Jamaican cherry leaves to feed was able to increase the value of digestibility, carcass weight, egg production, and protein content of meat. Therefore, Jamaican cherry leaf (Muntingia carabula L.) has the potency to be used as feed additive to replace AGP.

Utilization of Tithonia diversifolia as Ruminant Feed Juniar Sirait; Kiston Simanihuruk
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 31, No 3 (2021): September 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Forage is an important component in raising ruminants. Limited land specifically for forage cultivation is a big challenge in providing forage. Tithonia diversifolia is a promising species used as feed for ruminants because it is easy to grow in various places without being cultivated, such as on roadsides or as fences. This paper aims to give information about Tithonia diversifolia and its cultivation, production, nutritional value and its utilization as forage for ruminant. This plant can be propagated vegetatively and generatively. The spread of seeds can be carried by vectors such as humans, livestock, water currents and wind. T. diversifolia plants have several advantages: fast growing, high production, high crude protein content, resistance to high cutting frequencies and tolerance to acidic soils. Apart from these advantages, this plant also has some weaknesses because it contains several secondary compounds which may affect rumen fermentation. This weakness can be overcome by addition of feed aditive, charcoal or by processing it into silage. T. diversifolia has been used as feed for small and large ruminants either as single or mixed feed with concentrates and other forages with relatively high digestibility. The dry matter consumption of T. diversifolia reaches nearly 600 g/h/d when given as single feed to goats. However, recommended feeding level is 30% of total ration.

Sumbawa Wild Horse Milk: Production, Usage, Chemical Compound, Microbial Community, and Probiotics Potency Anika Prastyowati
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 31, No 3 (2021): September 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Wild horse milk of Sumbawa is a national commodity derived from the wild horse in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This product is well known to have health benefits for people. There have been studies related to milk’s characterization, chemical composition, microbial biodiversity, and probiotics effects by Indonesian academists since it is a local product produced only in Indonesia. This report objects to collect scientific documentation in Indonesia of wild horse milk of Sumbawa usage, its production, chemical compounds, microbial community, and potency as probiotics. Milk production of Sumbawa horse milk was 1-2 liters/horse/day. The usage of this commodity covered the health, medicine, food, and cosmetics industries. The main chemistry compound of wild horse milk was lactose 6.48%, protein 1.81%, and fat 1.67%, which will affect its microbial community. Lactic acid bacteria, especially Lactobacillus, were the dominant bacteria that have potency as probiotics. Thus, this article provides a reference for academists or researchers who are interested to explore this commodity.

Breeding Strategy of Local Muscovy to Support the Development of Meat Type Duck Industry Triana Susanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 31, No 3 (2021): September 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Muscovy duck is one of the genetic resources of waterfowl that spreads almost all over Indonesia. Muscovy duck is classified as meat-producer waterfowl, because of its relatively large body weight and better meat quality compared to other waterfowl. Therefore, cross breeding between Muscovy and ducks were often conducted by farmers to produce offspring with large body weight in order to anticipate the higher demand for duck meat. If this crossing pattern has been widely adopted by breeders, it will require a larger number of Muscovy duck. Whereas, currently the population of Muscovy is relatively low and no breeding system exists both at the community farm level or industrial level. Therefore, a development program of local Muscovy duck, especially its breeding program needs to be done immediately. As an information material to facilitate the preparation of the program, this paper describes factors that affect the breeding program including production performance and reproduction, as well as the breeding strategy of Muscovy duck as candidates of male line to form special type of meat type ducks through 3 groups of livestock breeds in the shape of a conical triangle at the top. The top position was the pure stock (nucleus), the middle was the parent stock (multiplier) and the bottom was the commercial stock. The genetic quality of livestock flows from the top position to the bottom and cannot be the other way around, because the breeding system is closed in the pure stock (nucleus).

Fiber in Broiler Feed: Its Effect on Performance, Gastro-intestinal Tract, and Microbial Profile Intan Nursiam; Muhammad Ridla; Nahrowi Nahrowi; Widya Hermana
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 31, No 3 (2021): September 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

In AGP ban era, addition of a fiber source in broiler feed improves the performance and development of the gastrointestinal tract. This paper aims to describe the differences in fiber analysis methods and the effect of fiber source addition on growth, development of the gastrointestinal tract, and microbiota profile in the digestive tract of broilers. Oat hulls, sugar beet pulp, rice hulls, pea hulls, sunflower hulls, wheat bran, and wood have been tested as fiber source in broiler feed. The effectiveness of fiber in increasing growth performance and stimulating the development of the gastrointestinal tract were influenced by the physico-chemical properties, level of addition, particle size, and fraction composition of the fiber source. Exploration of local fiber sources from Indonesia, which can have ability to increase growth performance and gastrointestinal tract development of broilers is needed to support food security in the future.

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Indonesian Center for Animal Science Research and Development Jl. Raya Pajajaran Kav E-59 Bogor 16151 Bogor Indonesia

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Jawa barat

INDONESIA