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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

73 74 75 76 77

The Potential of Bioactive Compound Moringa Leaf to Improve Rabbit Reproductive Performance Setiasih Setiasih; Ahmad Mualif Abdurrahman; Hendrawan Soetanto
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 31, No 2 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Moringa leaf is a potential animal feed material because it has a complete nutrient content as well as many bioactive compounds. Among its bioactive compounds are phytosterols and isoflavones. This paper aims to describe the importance of moringa leaf as feed supplementation to improve rabbit reproductive performance. The bioactive compounds in moringa leaf have an important role to trigger reproductive hormones.. Phytosterols have a chemical structure similar to that of cholesterol that can be used as precursors of steroid hormones (testosterone, estradiol and progesterone). Isoflavones are one of the flavonoid compounds, also have estrogenic activity and are able to bind with estrogen receptors i.e. ER-α and ER-β. Because of these bioactive compounds, moringa leaves are potential to be utilized as feed supplements as aphrodisiac for bucks, stimulating estrous, and increasing litter size and milk production of does, reduce mortality and increase weaning weight and average daily gain of bunnies.

Non-Typhoid Salmonella Causes Food-borne Diseases: Its Prevention and Control Engki Zelpina; S M Noor
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 30, No 4 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS) is a pathogenic bacteria causing gastroenteritis in humans which is transmitted through animals and contaminated animal products with Salmonella typhimurium or Salmonella enteritidis. Many cases of NTS infection in humans have been reported in the world, however most people in Indonesian are generally more familiar with Salmonella typhoid, which is caused by Salmonella typhoid and Salmonella paratypoid. Gastroenteritis due to NTS infection seldom requires antimicrobial treatment. If there is no post-infectious complications such as septicemia, reactive arthritis or aortic aneurysm. Eggs, chicken meat, raw milk and other animal products contaminated with NTS are a source of transmission through food (food-borne pathogens). An estimated 1-3% of pets carry NTS without causing illness. Control of NTS infection is difficult because Salmonella is tolerant to environmental stresses, widely spread, resistant to several types of antibiotics and has the ability to adapt. The application of strict biosecurity on farms is conducted through surveillance and monitoring so that it can prevent the contamination of livestock products and their derivatives, hence, it can prevent the transmission of NTS to humans. This paper provides information on NTS in animal and human prevention and control.

Carrying Capacity for Ruminant Based on Plantation Byproducts and Potency of Enteric Methane Emission Gresy Eva Tresia; W Puastuti; I Inounu
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 31, No 1 (2021): March 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Feed is one of the main pillars that need to be considered in optimizing production parameters in order to develop an efficient livestock business. Two aspects that need to be considered in order to make agricultural byproducts as a source of feed; those are the availability of raw materials for animal rations with high economic value and the function to reduce environmental pollution. Methane emissions are not only related to environmental problems, but also reflect the loss of some energy from livestock so that it cannot be used for the production process. The purpose of this paper is to review and estimate the carrying capacity for ruminant based on plantation by-products based feed and potential enteric methane emissions. The availability of feed from agricultural byproducts in Indonesia is estimated at 69.6 million tonnes of dry matter (DM), 34.8 million of total digestible nutrient (TDN), and 5 million tonnes of crude protein (CP)/year so it is estimated that it can accommodate 62.4 million livestock unit (LU) based on the DM availability or 39.1 million LU based on TDN availability or 51.6 million LU based on CP availability. From these calculations, it was found that the carrying capacity for ruminant in Indonesia could still be increased much greater than the current livestock population, namely 21.7-45 million livestock units if all byproducts are used entirely as components in rations. There are two groups of feed originating from plantation byproducts based on the potential for methane emissions produced, namely low (65-73 g CH4 / kg of material) and high (83-103 g CH4 / kg of material). Utilization of plantation byproducts as ruminant feed is expected to overcome the shortage of forage, especially during dry season. Utilization of these byproducts which in line with efforts to reduce methane emissions would enhance the development of livestock populations in friendly environment.

Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis: Their Nutrient Contents and Bioactive Compounds for Improving Poultry Productivity Sugiharto Sugiharto
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 30, No 3 (2020): September 2020
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Poultry industry are facing many challenges and osbtacles especially on the supply of feed ingredients, medicines, feed supplements and additives. The high price of protein source-feed ingredients has encouraged nutritionists to explore and utilize alternative protein source-feed ingredients for poultry. This review provides an overview of their nutritional and bioactive contents and the use of microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis in poultry feed based on recent literature studies and their potential development and utilization in Indonesia. The microalgae Chlorella vulgaris dan Spirulina platensis have very high protein content that are potential as a protein source in poultry rations. In addition, Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis also contain several bioactive compounds that can be used as alternatives to antibiotics growth promoter and synthetic antioxidants for poultry. Indonesia has a great potential for the production of Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis, however massive cultivation and economies of scale have not yet been carried out. Such conditions make Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis less profitable as protein sources, but more likely as growth-promoting additives or antioxidants for poultry in Indonesia.

Pathogenic Organisms in Varanidae and Their Potential as Zoonotic Diseases Syaiful Rizal; R A Rahmawati
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 31, No 2 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Monitor lizards have various body sizes, belong to the Varanidae and it is reported that there were various kinds of pathogenic organisms in their bodies. This review aims to describe various information on pathogenic organisms and their potential as zoonotic diseases and can be used as a reference in the prevention of zoonotic diseases originating from Varanidae. The results of this review discuss two types of viruses, three types of bacteria, five types of protozoa, two types of arthropods, and seven types of endoparasites that are pathogenic in Varanidae. Based on this information it is known that potentially zoonotic pathogens include bacteria group is Salmonella spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum; groups of protozoa was Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium sp.; Arthropod group namely Amblyomma sp. which carries the bacteria Rickettsia sp., Borrelia spp. and Anaplasma spp. and the endoparasite group consisting of Ascaris sp., Strongyloides sp., Pentastomida, and Angiostrongylus cantonensis, while for the virus group, there were no pathogenic organisms with zoonotic potential. The extensive use of Varanidae by humans as exotic pets, as well as for consumption and medicine has great potential in the transmission of zoonotic diseases. Those are possible because the varanids non-aseptically environment. The proper handling and maintenance of monitor lizards are necessary to prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases. Unhygienic and less aseptic way of handling food products of animal origin can lead to the potential for transmission of pathogenic organisms (foodborne disease). Efforts to prevent the transmission of foodborne diseases can apply Good Hygienic Practices (GHP) with the process of cooking reptile meat for consumption. Besides, disease transmission can be prevented by implementing the One Health concept.

Adaptation Strategy of Forage Crops to Climate Change Harmini Harmini; A Fanindi
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 30, No 4 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Climate change is characterized by an increasing in temperature, drought, and an increase in CO2. This paper aims to describe the strategy to deal with climate change in forage crops. Plant adaptation mechanisms include increasing water content, cell membrane stability, and photosynthetic capacity by suppressing stomata conductance and C consumption through respiration. The impacts of climate change on animal feed crops include: decreased productivity and nutrient content, and reduced planting area which affects the supply of animal feed so that food availability is disrupted. Adaptation strategies are carried out by managing the cultivation of forage plants, including selecting planting and harvesting times, as well as irrigation. Besides, it is necessary to select adaptive fodder plants through breeding. Breeding methods are conducted through the exploration of genetic resources to compile new superior forage adaptive crops to climate change.

Small Ruminant Community Breeding Program in Indonesia Bess Tiesnamurti; S E Sinulingga; R M Gatenby
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 30, No 3 (2020): September 2020
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

This paper outlines the principles of community breeding programs, reviews similar programs that have been conducted in Indonesia, as well as proposing improvements. Community breeding programs (CBP) are a method for genetic improvement of livestock, with voluntary participation of farmers, using animals belonging to the farmers, by defining breeding objectives and selection criteria or traits, selecting the best males of the group, performance testing and distributing males to the farmers. Farmers have the ownership of the program and contribute to the sustainability of the program, marketability of the products according the needs of the farmers, as well as strengthening farmers institutions. There are breeding scehemes of one tier, two tier and three tier that can be implemented to achieve the goals of genetic improvement. Several CBP has been carried out scatteredly, however improvements have to be made such as by long term financial support, strong commitment from breeders, mentoring by academias, data management and analysis as well as economic assessment. Therefore, a more masive and sustainable CBP should be conducted to improve the genetic quality of sheep and goat in Indonesia.

Animal Transportation: Process, Challenge and its Effect on Small Ruminant Arie Febre Trisiana; A Destomo; F Mahmilia
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 31, No 1 (2021): March 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Livestock transportation is carried out to fullfill the need for consumption as well as for raising the livestock in other areas. The regulation of livestock transportation has not been well implemented yet, and far from the ideal way of livestock transportation, such as the aspects of animal welfare. This paper aims is to describe the transportation process, challenge and its effects on small ruminants. The process of transporting livestock is carried out by preparing the animals that are going to be transported, and the means of transportation used. Travel distance and road infrastructure conditions provide an affordable connection for the transportation of livestock. Long distances and poor infrastructure conditions can cause stress problems to livestock transportation. Livestock becomes stress and cortisol levels increased in the blood and physiological responses were affected due to transportation. The Goat Research Institute designed a cage in a truck to transport goats and logistical needs during the trip by land and sea routes. This type of cage has been used in the distribution of goats to several areas and the journey took 1 to 16 days with average goat mortality rate was about 0.3%. Severe impacts during the trip can be overcome by transporting goats with attention to the transportation system and to ensure the welfare of animals during the trip.

Animal Welfare Ethics in Research and Testing: Implementation and its Barrier Sutiastuti Wahyuwardani; S M Noor; B Bakrie
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 30, No 4 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Animals have an important role in research and testing to improve human and animal health. Animal usage must be balanced between science and ethical values of animal welfare. This paper discusses the role of IACUC, the implications of animal welfare for research, animal ethical clearance and obstacles in the implementation of animal welfare. Institution of Animal Care Use Committee (IACUC) has an important role to ensure that researcher has animal ethical clearance before conducting research and testing. Research and testing using animal should comply with ethical principles: respect, beneficiary and justice; 3Rs principles: Replacement, Reduction, Refinement and 5F/Freedom: freedom from hunger and thirst, heat and discomfort, pain, trauma and disease, fear and stress and expressing behavior naturally. The application of animal ethics clearance in Indonesia in research using animals is compulsary in various institutions, However thera are several barriers in its implementation, Those are: not all research institutions have IACUC, lack of awareness of researchers to apply for animal ethical clearance, reluctant to IACUC requirements, lack of facilities animals that meet animal welfare requirements and lack of competence in animal handling according to animal welfare.

Lumpy Skin Disease: Ancaman Penyakit Emerging Bagi Kesehatan Ternak Sapi Di Indonesia Indrawati Sendow; Nur Sabiq Assadah; Atik Ratnawati; NLP Indi Dharmayanti; Muharam Saepulloh
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 31, No 2 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi bagi peternak sapi, yang disebabkan oleh virus LSD, genus Capripoxvirus, famili Poxviridae. Penyakit ini di karakterisasi dengan adanya nodul pada kulit. Virus ini hanya menginfeksi sapi dan kerbau rawa yang memiliki tingkat mortalitas rendah, namun tingkat morbiditas tinggi. Sedangkan virus ini tidak menginfeksi kambing dan domba. Hingga saat ini, LSD belum pernah dilaporkan di Indonesia, oleh karena itu pengenalan penyakit LSD diperlukan terutama bagi dokter hewan dan paramedis lapangan sehingga infeksi LSD dapat diketahui dan penanganannya dapat dilakukan lebih dini. Tulisan ini akan membahas mengenai penyakit LSD, cara penyebaran penyakit, epidemiologi, diagnosis, faktor risiko serta pengendalian penyakit LSD, sehingga diharapkan masuknya infeksi LSD dapat terdeteksi sedini mungkin dan diantisipasi dengan lebih arif oleh pemangku kebijakan.

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Indonesian Center for Animal Science Research and Development Jl. Raya Pajajaran Kav E-59 Bogor 16151 Bogor Indonesia

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Jawa barat

INDONESIA