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Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 20878273     EISSN : 24606278     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture (JITAA) is a double blind peer-reviewed publication devoted to disseminate all information contributing to the understanding and development of animal agriculture in the tropics by publication of original research papers
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 676 Documents
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Back-matter (June 2025) Wibowo, Rahmat
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 50, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.50.2.%p

Abstract

Back-matter (June 2025)
Genetic diversity of coding sequence (CDS) region of HSP70 gene in Bali cattle Bonawati, Y. G. M.; Suhendro, I.; Jakaria, J.; Noor, R. R.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 50, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.50.2.103-110

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of the Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) gene in the coding sequence (CDS) region and its association with physiological responses in Bali cattle. The samples used in this study consisted of 62 Bali cattle from two different locations in Bali and Se-rading. Physiological data, including respiratory rate, heart rate, rectal temperature, and heat tolerance coefficient (HTC), were collected. The HSP70 gene was amplified using two pairs of primers to target the coding region. SNPs of the HSP70 gene were identified through sequencing. The diversity of SNPs in the coding sequence of the HSP70 gene was determined using the FinchTV 1.4.0 application and version X of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis (MEGA) program. In contrast, the association of HSP70 gene SNPs with physiological responses in Bali cattle was evaluated using the GLM method in IBM SPSS Statistics 26. The research discovered nine SNPs within the CDS region of the HSP70 gene, comprising eight synonymous SNPs (c.24C>T, c.31C>T, c.117C>A, c.126G>A, c.324G>A, c.333C>T, c.573G>C, c.1074C>T) and one nonsynonymous SNP (c.1265C>T), which caused an amino acid substitution from threonine (T) to methionine (M). The SNP diversity in the coding sequence of the HSP70 gene showed no significant association (P > 0.05) with physiological responses, including respiratory rate, heart rate, rectal temperature, and heat tolerance coefficient (HTC). The SNPs discovered in the coding region of the HSP70 gene exhibited polymorphism in Bali cattle.
Improving broiler growth and immunity with encapsulated Cosmos caudatus and Andrographis paniculata extracts at high stocking density Agusetyaningsih, I.; Krismiyanto, L.; Yudiarti, T.; Widiastuti, E.; Sari, D. A. P.; Pawesti, S. D.; Sugiharto, S.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 50, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.50.2.111-121

Abstract

The community's growing demand for chicken meat as an animal protein source has presented farmers with the challenge to alter the care of broiler chickens by using high cage density. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of diet supplementation with encapsulated extract of kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) and bitter (Andrographis paniculata) extracts on broiler diet to growth perfor-mance, immunity status, and carcass proportion. A total of 370 day-old Cobb broiler chicks, weighing 45.25 ± 0.89 g, were divided into five groups: T0: control, basal diet + density 10 chicks/m2, T1: basal diet + density 16 chicks/m2, T2: basal diet + density 16 chicks/m2 + Cosmos caudatus 1 g/kg feed, T3: basal feed + density 16 chicks/m2 + Andrographis paniculata 1 g/kg feed, T4: basal feed + density 16 chicks/m2 + Cosmos caudatus 0.5 g/kg feed + Andrographis paniculata 0.5 g/kg feed). At the end of the study, the blood sample and internal organ were collected to further analysis. The final weights of groups T2, T3, and T4 were better than T0 and T1, while T1 has the lowest weight among the other groups. Chicks in T0, T2, T3 and T4 had lower PDW levels compared to T1. Chicks in T4 have a high-er jejunum villi height compared to T0, T1, T2 and T3 groups. The treatments did not affect the small intestine and giblets relative organ wights (P>0.05). The group of T0, T2, T3, and T4 have a fewer duo-denum lesion compared to T1. The group of T2, T3, and T4 have a better structure in jejunum cells compared to T0 and T1. Lesion score of Bursa Fabricius and spleen were greater in T3 and T4 com-pared to T0, T1 and T2 groups. And T1 have the lowest ND antibody compared to other groups. In con-clusion, giving encapsulation of kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) and bitter (Andrographis paniculata) ex-tracts on broiler diet can improve production performance and immune status of broiler chickens.
The effects of novel commercial toxin binders on growth performance, immunity and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks infected with aflatoxin B1 Dolatkhah Siahmazgy, A.; Mansouri Yarahmadi, H.; Lotfollahian, H.; Fakhraei, J.; Hosseini, S. A.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 49, No 4 (2024): December
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.49.4.266-275

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of commercial toxin binders on growth perfor-mance, immunity and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks fed with diets contaminated with aflatox-in B1 (AFB1). One-day-old male Cobb 500 broiler chicks (n=350) with an initial weight of 42±3 g was assigned to one of 7 treatments with 5 replications and 10 broiler chicks per group. Experimental treat-ments were: 1) Basal diet without aflatoxin and additive (NC); 2) Basal diet containing aflatoxin (PC); 3) PC diet containing test toxin binder-1 (ARSI1) 4) PC diet containing test toxin binder-2 (ARSI2); 5) PC diet containing test toxin binder-3 (STB1); 6) PC diet containing test toxin binder-4 (STB2) and 7) PC diet containing commercial toxin binder (Mycofix). Growth performance, cellular and humoral im-mune responses, carcass traits and intestinal morphology were assessed. Average daily weight gain (ADG), and cellular and humoral immunities were significantly lower in broiler chicks in the PC group compared to broiler chicks in the NC group in the different growth periods (P<0.05), but dietary sup-plementation with none of the test toxin binders improved ADG compared to the PC group (P>0.05). Dietary inclusion of ASRI1 and ASRI2 significantly decreased adverse the effects of aflatoxin on im-mune responses (P<0.05). The results showed that villus length in the different parts of intestine, ileal villus width and crypt depth and duodenal crypt depth were significantly decreased in broiler chicks fed with PC diet in comparison to broiler chicks fed the NC diet (P<0.05). Dietary inclusion of differ-ent toxin binders also alleviated adverse effects of aflatoxin on intestinal morphology (P<0.05). In con-clusion, dietary inclusion of ASRI1 and ASRI2 toxin binders is recommended for alleviation of the negative effects of AFB1 on immune responses and intestinal morphology.
Physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic characteristics of quail eggs given moringa leaf flour (Moringa oleifera L.) in Feed Jerahu, V. M.; Ulupi, N.; Wulandari, Z.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 50, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.50.2.122-130

Abstract

Moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera L.) has excellent potential as an alternative source of protein for animal feed because of its abundant nutritional content. It is high in protein biological value, and has good properties. The research aims to evaluate the effects of adding moringa leaf flour to feed on quail eggs’ physical, chemical, microbiological, and organoleptic properties. A total of 120 female quail aged 36 days were used in the study, which lasted for 4 weeks. The experiment was conducted in a fully randomised design. The treatment included four levels of moringa leaf flour addition: P0 (without moringa leaf flour), P1 (2.5% moringa leaf flour), P2 (5% moringa leaf flour), and P3 (7.5% moringa leaf flour). Variance analysis and descriptive analysis were used to examine the data. The findings revealed that moringa flour could reduce egg yolk fat, increased antioxidant activity, and reduced bacteria in eggs. The 7.5% moringa leaf treatment produced the best quail egg quality.
A study on the lactation and reproductive performances of purebred Jersey stock: implications for introducing European dairy breeds in the tropical environment Didanna, H. L.; Asmirew, L.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 50, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.50.2.68-81

Abstract

To fulfil market demand, high-yielding temperate dairying breeds have been introduced to the tropics to boost dairy production. The tropical environment may impact the expression of the genetic potential of improved European breeds. Jersey breed has certain valued traits, i.e., small body size, low maintenance requirement, and milk quality. However, there is lack of empirical evidence on the perfor-mance of the Jersey breed, despite their huge dairy potential and contribution in East Africa. This study was carried out to investigate milk production and reproductive performance of Jersey dairy stock and related environment factors at Wolaita Sodo dairy breeding center. Data from 1164 records from 2008 to 2023 of purebred Jerseys were used and summarized by descriptive statistics, and General Linear Models of SPSS to analyze the effects of different factors on the performance parameters. The results revealed that the overall means for lactation milk yield (LMY), milk yield (DMY), and lactation length (LL) were 1852.5±21.5 litres, 5.5±0.07 litres and 337.2±2.5 days, respectively. LMY, LL and DMY were influenced by calving year and parity. There was a significant interaction among year, season of calving, and parity on LMY. Environmental influence (milking season, and period), and stage of lacta-tion were significantly affected milk yield. The overall means of age at first service (AFS), age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), days open (DO), and number of services per conception (NSPC) were 23.2±0.4 months, 34.9±0.5 months, 462.7±8.1 days, 186.9±7.0 days, and 1.89±0.05, respectively. All reproductive performance traits were significantly influenced by the year of birth/service. CI and DO were influenced by the calving season and parity. Management inconsistency and climate fluctua-tion appear to have a significant impact on cow productivity and reproductive efficiency. Performance levels such as AFC and NSPC are comparable with other results for Jersey herds in tropical countries but far below the genetic ability of the breed, particularly in terms of LMY. Therefore, improvements in management practices, feeding levels, and health management would be critical. Moreover, the study implied that farm-bred/adapted pure European or crossbred dairy cows are appropriate for the high-lands and mid-altitudes in the tropical climate.
Improved immune status by fecal microbiota transplant mediated gut microbiota modulation in late lactation cows in a low land Lathifa, A. D.; Pandupuspitasari, N. S.; Khan, F. A.; Ali, A.; Fadillah, N. A. M.; Prasetiyono, B. W. H. E.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 50, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.50.2.131-143

Abstract

Dairy cows in late lactation experience compromised immune status. A promising strategy to im-prove immune health is to manipulate gut microbiota. This study evaluated the effect of fecal microbi-ota transplant (FMT) on the immunity profile of Friesian Holstein cows during late lactation. Donor cow from the Ciawi, Bogor highlands were selected. Fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) were pre-pared using donor Friesian Holstein cow feces, mixed with glycerol (1:1), diluted in saline, encapsulat-ed in double-layered capsules, and stored at -20°C. The study used a Latin square design with three Friesian Holstein cows in late lactation, testing one control and two FMT levels (5 g and 10 g per day per cow) in a 3% body weight ration (60% elephant grass, 40% concentrate) over three cycles. Using a shotgun metagenomic approach, we identified key microbial populations that correlated with the maintenance of gut homeostasis and immune function. These microbial communities, including Bac-teroides, Bifidobacterium, and Prevotella, produce gut-derived metabolites (acetate, butyrate, and pro-pionate) that influence lymphocytes of T1 (4.02 x 10^3/uL) and T2 (3.87 x 103/uL) and monocytes of T1 (0.38 x 10^3/uL) and T2 (0.31 x 103/uL), thus modulate adaptive immune responses, aid in the re-pair of the intestinal barrier, and strengthened immune system. CAZy enzyme analysis revealed diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes, highlighting the microbial contributions to fiber degradation and SCFA production. Our findings provide valuable insights into the role of the microbiota in regulating the di-gestive and immune systems of dairy cows in lowland climates.
Principal component analysis of morphometric traits in Katjang, Boer, and their crosses goats Hifzan, R. M.; Mamat-Hamidi, K.; Bugiwati, S. R. A.; Dagong, M. I. A.; Nur Aida, M. T.; Salisi, M. S.; Hafiz, A. W. M.; Izuan Bahtiar, A. J.; Nurulhuda, M. O.; Ainu Husna, M. S. S.; Muhammad, M. S.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 50, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.50.2.82-91

Abstract

Principal component analysis (PCA) is commonly used to examine the relationship among mor-phometric traits and determine which traits effectively describe the body conformation. This study evaluated the morphometric traits of Katjang, Boer, and Katjang × Boer goats through PCA to identify key indicators of body conformation and productivity. A total of 375 does (100 Katjang, 153 Boer, 122 Katjang x Boer) aged 1.5–2 years were measured for body weight (BW), body length (BL), chest depth (CD), chest girth (CG), height at withers (HW), width at withers (WW), hip height (HH), and rump width (RW) raised under semi-intensive management at MARDI Kluang, Malaysia. Results revealed significant (P < 0.05) interbreed differences, with Boer does exhibiting superior size (BW: 39.95 ± 2.22 kg; CG: 80.77 ± 3.96 cm) and Katjang x Boer does showing intermediate values (BW: 32.35 ± 2.65 kg; CG: 70.10 ± 1.63), reflecting heterosis effects. PCA identified two principal components (PCs), with PC1 (57.8–64.0% variance) strongly correlated with CG (0.89–0.94), BW (0.85–0.90), and BL (0.80–0.85), while PC2 (16.0–17.8% variance) distinguished taller/narrower (positive HH/HW loadings) from shorter/wider conformations (negative RW/WW loadings). Boer goats had the highest PC1 eigen-value (5.12), confirming their robust frame. Chest girth emerged as the most reliable predictor of BW (r = 0.85–0.89, P < 0.01), supported by high communality values (0.81–0.89). Body index classifica-tion placed Katjang in the brevigline group (BI: 81.45 ± 2.34) while Boer and Katjang x Boer does in medioline (BI: 85.12–86.51), aligning with their meat production potential. These findings underscore CG utility in selection programs and highlight the conserved morphological integration across breeds, offering practical benchmarks for genetic improvement under Malaysian climate.
Effect of a probiotic preparation on the composition of the intestinal microbiome of rabbits Skvortsova, E. G.; Filinskaya, O. V.; Bushkareva, A. S.; Bogdanova, A. A.; Mostofina, A. V.; Pivovarova, E. A.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 50, No 3 (2025): September
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.50.3.168-180

Abstract

In this work, we studied the effect of a probiotic supplement containing bacteria of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain (Vetom 2) on the intestinal microbiome composition of rabbits. Rabbits of the experimental group, in addition to compound feed together with water, received the Vetom 2.0 probi-otic feed additive in the amount of 50 mg / kg of live weight of 10 days every 30 days for four months. Genomic DNA was isolated from the intestines of rabbits using a set of ExtractDNABlood&Cells Am-plification of variable regions V3–V4 of the 16S rRNA gene using universal primers and subsequent sequencing on the IlluminaMiSeq platform. Bioinformatic analysis was carried out in the QIIME2 en-vironment. The control and experimental groups of crossbred rabbits were dominated by five phyla of intestinal bacteria: Bacillota, Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, Actinomycetota, and Verrucomicrobiota. The following taxa prevailed at the level of the orders: Eubacteriales, Pseudomonadales, Bacteroi-dales, Caryophanales, Enterobacteriales. At the family level, the most important taxa showing signifi-cant differences between the groups were Oscillospiraceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Campylobacterace-ae. The probiotic supplement contributed to an increase in the proportion of positive microorganisms, a decrease in the proportion of conditionally pathogenic, and an increase in the biological diversity of the intestinal microbiocenosis.
Effects of a mealworm larvae-based diet on laying performance and egg quality in laying hens Kaddour, A.; Diaw, M. T.; Saidj, D.; Yahi, K.; Moula, N.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 50, No 3 (2025): September
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.50.3.235-244

Abstract

Soybean meal, the cornerstone of poultry nutrition, is increasingly scrutinized due to its heavy reliance on imported and genetically modified (GMO) crops, raising concerns about sustainability, cost, and compatibility with organic production systems. This challenge has spurred the search for al-ternative protein sources, with insect meals emerging as a promising solution. Among them, the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) offers a nutrient-dense, environmentally sustainable feed ingredient rich in proteins, lipids, and bioactive compounds. This study investigated the effects of dietary inclusion of T. molitor larvae on the performance and egg quality of laying hens. Thirty-six Isa-Brown hens (40 weeks old) were assigned to four dietary treatments: a control diet and diets supplemented with 1%, 2%, or 4% mealworm larvae (TM1, TM2, TM4). Over a four-week period, laying rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and egg quality traits (physical parameters, shell integrity, yolk cholesterol, and fatty acid composition) were measured. Results revealed that while laying performance remained unaffected (P = 0.48), hens in the TM4 group achieved significantly improved FCR (P = 0.03). Importantly, no adverse effects were observed on egg weight, shell quality, or nutritional composition. These findings demon-strate that moderate supplementation with T. molitor can enhance feed efficiency while maintaining egg quality, positioning insect proteins as a viable pathway toward more sustainable and resilient poul-try production.

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