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Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 20878273     EISSN : 24606278     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture (JITAA) is a double blind peer-reviewed publication devoted to disseminate all information contributing to the understanding and development of animal agriculture in the tropics by publication of original research papers
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 676 Documents
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Dietary inclusion of blanched African bread fruit (Treculia africana) pulp on the growth performance, haematological indices and nutrient digestibility in Weaner rabbits Ugwu, C. M.; Ani, A. O.; Ogwuegbu, M. C.; Anizoba, N. W.; Ezenwosu, C.; Onu, E. A.; Nwoga, C. C.; Ali, L. C.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 49, No 4 (2024): December
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.49.4.323-331

Abstract

Current study examined the impact of blanched African bread fruit pulp (BABP) on growth per-formance, haematology and nutrient digestibility of Weaner rabbits. A total of 200 60-day-old New Zealand White Weaner rabbits with an average weight of 759.5 g were randomly assigned to five groups and fed 0% (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20 % blanched African bread fruit pulp in a completely ran-domized design. The trial lasted for 7 d of adaptation and 56 d for testing. Growth performance was recorded from 60 to 116 d of age (n=5 per treatment with 40 rabbits, 10 per replicate), haematological indices at 116 d of age and nutrient digestibility from 112 to 116 d of age were determined (n=5 per treatment with 16 rabbits, 4 per replicate). Results showed that dietary BABP supplementation at 15, and 20% decreased (P < 0.05) the feed intake and body weight gain. The digestibility of crude protein, crude fiber, and ether extract were also decreased (P < 0.05). Moreover, rabbit at 15, and 20% showed decreased (P < 0.05) packed cell volume, white blood cell and haemoglobin concentration. It was con-cluded that BABP can be incorporated into rabbit diets up to 5-10% inclusion level, without negatively affecting growth performance, haematological indices and nutrient digestibility of rabbits.
Influence of biologically active preparations on biochemical indicators of sows’ blood and the survival level of sucking pigs Zakharchenko, K.; Khomenko, M.; Seba, M.; Golovetskyi, I.; Trokhymenko, V.; Bryukhachova, I.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 49, No 4 (2024): December
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.49.4.276-285

Abstract

The analysis of the influence of biologically active preparations on the biochemical status of the body of sows is given in the article. Nanoaquachelate of Ge (G18Ge and G9Ge groups) and Quatronan-Se (Q-Se group) were used 4 days before and 10 days after farrowing, Glutam 1M was used 3 days after the farrowing (GM1, G18Ge and G9Ge groups). Based on the results obtained, it has been found that use of preparations in the period from 4 days after the farrowing to weaning contributes to lower cholesterol level in the G18Ge, G9Ge and Q-Se groups by 21.7%, 29.2 % and 33.3%, respectively. Also, significant changes have been observed in the in the concentration of protein, in all groups to which the studied drugs were administered before weaning it tended to decrease by 9.9; 7.6; 6.6 and 6.3%, respectively, while in the group C (control) the difference was only 1.6%. In addition, a study of the influence of preparations on the body of piglets through sow milk shows that the level of piglets’ survival in the GM1, G18Ge, G9Ge and Q-Se groups was higher than in the C group. The highest sur-vival has been observed in the G18Ge group and on the day of weaning was 90.2%.
Floor position in multitier broiler closed houses and its impact on microclimatic, air quality and litter conditions Sarjana, T. A.; Mahfudz, L. D.; Suprijatna, E.; Sunarti, D.; Kismiati, S.; Muryani, R.; Binti Ma'rifah, B.; Shihah, H. D.; Wahyuni, N. M.; Istiqlali, S. B.; Saputra, T. I.; Ikhtiarita, R. N.; Adhiwangsa, R.; Qudsi, S.; Utomo, D. C.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 49, No 4 (2024): December
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.49.4.332-347

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of floor position in a multitier closed house on microcli-matic air quality and litter conditions. Fourteen thousand and five hundred unsexed Ross broiler chick-ens with a DOC body weight of 45.84 ± 2.40 g were placed on each floor of a three-tier closed house and allocated to a randomized block design consisted of 3 treatments and 18 replications. Each floor measured 12x78x2 m3. The maintenance procedure was applied according to the integrated partnership company guidelines PT Tumbuh Optimal Prima, with an observation period of 28 days. The treatments applied were as follows: T1= placement of broiler chickens on the 1st floor, T2= placement of broiler chickens on the 2nd floor, and T3= placement of broiler chickens on the 3rd floor. Microclimate condi-tions (temperature, RH, wind speed, temperature humidity index, wind chill effect, and calculated real feel temperature) and air quality parameters (NH3, CO2, O2, TVOC, and HCHO) were measured daily on each floor. Litter conditions, included water content, litter temperature, NH3 content, pH, and caking were measured weekly. The results revealed that during the starter phase (weeks 1–2), the microclimat-ic conditions and air quality of the 3rd floor were significantly better (P<0.05) than those of the 1st floor and 2nd floor, a trend was continued during weeks 3–4. Notably, the results obtained on the 1st and 2nd floors were still within the normal range for the broiler thermoneutral zone. Conversely, the 3rd floor litter was generally poorer, with significantly higher (P<0.05) moisture content, temperature, and cak-ing than the lower floors, particularly in weeks 3–4. However, broiler placement on different floors did not significantly affect the litter pH (P>0.05). In conclusion, the microclimatic conditions and air quali-ty of the 3rd floor were generally superior to those of the lower floors over the 4-week rearing period, whereas the litter quality was inferior.
Effect of encapsulated Tahongai (Kleinhovia hospita l.) leaf extract on growth performance, intestinal condition and antioxidative status of broilers raised in high stocking density pens Yusuf, R.; Ismadi, V. D. Y. B.; Kismiati, S.; Sugiharto, S.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 49, No 4 (2024): December
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.49.4.286-296

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of Kleinhovia hospita L. extract (KE) on growth performance, intestinal condition and antioxidative status of broilers raised in high stocking density pens. A total of 370-day-old broiler chicks were randomly grouped into five groups with five replicates. The groups were T0 (chicks raised in normal density, 10 birds/m2; as a negative control), KE0 (chicks raised in high density, 16 birds/m2, without KE supplementation; as a positive control), KE0.25, KE0.5 and KE1 (chicks raised in high density with KE supplementation of 2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg, respectively). Based on the completely randomized design, the data were treated. Results showed that KE1 chicks had the highest (p<0.05) body weight (BW) at day 21 and 28. The T0, KE0 and KE2.5 chicks consumed more (p<0.05) feed than the other treatment groups. The KE0.25, KE0.5 and KE1 showed lower (p<0.05) FCR than the KE0 group. The KE0 chicks showed lower (p<0.05) carcass yield than the other groups. The KE0 had the highest (p<0.05) heart relative weight of all groups. The KE1 had the highest (p<0.05) small intestinal weight, cecum, colon and abdominal fat of any treatment group. Among the groups, crypt depth of the duodenum in KE0 was the lowest (p<0.05). There was no substantial effect of the treatments on the counts of coliform and lactic acid bacteria in the ileum of broilers. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in KE0.5 and KE1 were higher (p<0.05) than those in T0, KE0 and KE0.25 groups. In conclusion, stocking in high density pens negatively af-fected the carcass yield of broiler chickens. Dietary KE supplementation was beneficial in improving FCR and antioxidant status of broiler chickens.
Investigation of polymorphism and expression of the tyrosinase (TYR) gene as a gene controlling coat color in Bali cattle Kholijah, K.; Darwati, S.; Ulum, M. F.; Londra, I. M.; Noor, R. R.; Jakaria, J.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 49, No 4 (2024): December
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.49.4.297-306

Abstract

Cattle coat color is governed by numerous genes, notably the tyrosinase gene (TYR). This study analyzed coat color anomalies like albinism and white spotting in Bali cattle. It aims to discern the TYR gene's diversity, expression patterns, and correlation with coat color abnormalities. The research encompassed 189 cattle, including those with standard coat color (n=53), white-spotted (n=11), and albino (n=17) Bali cattle, as well as Simmental (n=37), Limousin (n=14), Madura (n=21), and Peran-akan Ongole (PO) cattle (n=36). Total DNA was extracted and the TYR gene in exon 1 was amplified using forward and reverse primers with a target amplicon length of 994 bp. Direct sequencing unveiled TYR gene diversity, analyzed using BioEdit and MEGA6 software to identify SNPs. PCR-RFLP was used for SNP genotyping, while qPCR analyzed TYR gene expression. Two mutations (SNP g. 939A>G and SNP g. 887C>T) were discovered in Bali cattle TYR exon 1. SNP g. 939A>G exhibited polymorphism, with the highest GG genotype frequency in standard Bali cattle, indicating a high G allele frequency. Conversely, Madura, Simmental, Limousin, and PO cattle had the lowest allele fre-quency. Chi-square (χ² test) results showed non-significance across all cattle types. TYR gene expres-sion differed significantly between standard Bali cattle and albinos (p<0.05).
The digestibility, ruminal fermentation and methane product of Cajanus cajan forage as a concentrate substitute in goats Abidinsyah, D. A.; Suyub, I. B.; Jusoh, S.; Yaakub, H.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 49, No 4 (2024): December
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.49.4.307-315

Abstract

Sixteen local goats (9.3 kg bodyweight) were assigned to different groups based on a 21-day com-pletely randomized design and fed with Cajanus cajan forage. The objectives of the study were to eval-uate digestibility, ruminal fermentation and estimation of methane production of C. cajan forage as a concentrate substitute in goats. Four treatments were used in the feeding trial: T0CC = 100% concen-trate; T25CC = 75% concentrate + 25% C. cajan forage; T75CC = 25% concentrate + 75% C. cajan forage; and T100CC = 100% C. cajan forage. Ruminal fluid was collected during the last week of the experiment after feeding and used to determine pH, ammonia, partial VFA, and methane gas produc-tion. Dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, and total body weight gain were not significantly differ-ent (P>0.05) between goats fed with T0CC and T25CC. The addition of C. cajan forage to the diet did not significantly (P>0.05) affect pH, ammonia content, and total VFA but influenced acetate, propio-nate, butyrate, AP, and estimated CH4 produced. Hence, C. cajan forage may replace 25% of concen-trates in a rice straw-based diet for goats.
An experimental investigation on the anthelmintic efficacy of crude aqueous extracts of selected medicinal herbs against gastrointestinal helminths in native chickens Tuyor, S.; Ramada, J. M. S.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 50, No 4 (2025): December
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.50.4.257-268

Abstract

This study assessed the anthelmintic efficacy of selected crude aqueous herbal extracts against gastrointestinal helminths in native chickens raised under semi-scavenging conditions. Forty-five natu-rally infected birds were randomly allocated to five treatment groups: T1 (distilled water), T2 (commercial levamisole), T3 (Basella alba), T4 (Carica papaya), and T5 (Allium sativum). Treatments were administered orally at 3 mL/kg body weight, and fecal egg counts (EPG) were measured at base-line (day 0) and at days 10 and 14 post-treatment. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and tannins in all tested species. By Day 10, substantial reduc-tions in EPG occurred, with C. papaya (966.7 ± 76.4) and A. sativum (1100.0 ± 217.9) achieving sig-nificantly lower counts compared to distilled water (5283.3 ± 236.3) and the commercial anthelmintic levamisole (8650.0 ± 1468.3) (P < 0.05). B. alba exhibited intermediate efficacy (1233.3 ± 361.7), comparable statistically to the two most effective botanicals. However, EPG values rebounded signifi-cantly across all groups by day 14, though C. papaya (5166.7 ± 464.6), A. sativum (5266.7 ± 189.3), and B. alba (5250.0 ± 482.2) maintained significantly lower burdens compared to the control (10300.0 ± 3404.4) and levamisole (6716.7 ± 2878.5) groups (P < 0.05). These results show that botanical ex-tracts could be good short-term replacements for traditional anthelmintics. They also suggest that para-site control may require repeated or optimized dosing.
Manipulating concentrate level in the diet of tropical cattle to improve fiber utilization and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions Mo, D.; Thu, N. V.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 50, No 4 (2025): December
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.50.4.246-256

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of concentrate level in diet, 10, 25, 40, and 60% forage dry matter (DM), on feed intake, nutrient utilization, weight gain (WG), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 12 male crossbred cattle (Red Sindhi × local, Bos indicus) 9-15 months of age in Southwestern Vi-etnam. The experiment was conducted for 6 months using a completely randomized block design. Ani-mals were individually housed and fed ad libitum with rice straw, with or without elephant grass, sup-plemented with commercial concentrate. Results showed that as the concentrate level increased, con-sumption of feeds, digestible nutrients and energy, WG, and GHG emissions rose linearly (P < 0.01), whereas neutral detergent fiber (NDFD) and acid detergent fiber digestibility declined (P < 0.05). The DM, organic matter, and crude protein digestibility were not significantly affected (P > 0.05). The in vitro NDFD assessments exhibited similar trends to the in vivo data (R² > 0.75). GHG emissions per unit of live weight were significantly reduced (P < 0.01) as concentrate levels increased up to 60%, alt-hough the difference between the 40% and 60% groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that a concentrate level of 40% forage DM offers an optimal balance between fiber utilization and GHG emission intensity. The in vitro technique using rumen fluid from slaugh-tered cattle with unknown dietary history and minimized chemical reagents may serve as a practical and ethical tool for evaluating fiber utilization in cattle nutrition studies.
Enhancing the nutritional value of preserved rice straw with calcite-based minerals for cattle in volcanic eruption-affected areas Khalil, K.; Anata, D.; Hermon, H.; Hendri, H.; Achmadi, J.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 50, No 4 (2025): December
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.50.4.281-292

Abstract

The December 2023 Mount Marapi eruption likely disrupted the mineral balance in tethered cattle by altering soil and forage composition. This study examined (1) mineral imbalances in tethered cattle and (2) the effectiveness of calcite-based mineral supplements in preserved rice straw to correct these imbalances. Hair samples from 45 cattle farms were also analyzed for minerals such as P, K, S, Na, and Cu. Rice straw was preserved with 1.2% molasses, 0.15% urea, and one of four mineral additives: cal-cined calcite (CC), enriched calcined calcite (eCC), enriched raw calcite (eRC), or commercial premix (UM). The preserved straw was fed to bulls in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design. Hair analysis revealed phosphorus deficiency in 82.2% of samples, copper deficiency in 31.1%, and excesses of sulfur and sodium in 100% and 71.1% of samples, respectively. Enriched additives improved the straw's sensory qualities and mineral profiles, reduced fungal contamination, and preserved the palatable stem portion. Blood hematology and mineral levels remained unchanged; bulls fed eCC gained 332 g/day, equal to the 354 g/day gain with UM. In conclusion, the Mount Marapi eruption significantly disrupts the min-eral status of tethered cattle, causing critical P/Cu deficiencies and S/Na excesses. eCC proves to be an effective mineral supplement, enhancing the quality of preserved straw and cattle performance in re-gions affected by the eruption.
Dose-response eeffects oof aaqueous garlic eextract ssupplementation vvia ddrinking wwater oon ggrowth, hhematology, iimmunity, a and coccidiosis iin Japanese Quails (Coturnix Japonica) Nhan, P.; Chuc, N. T.; Tri, N. M.; Mo, T. T. H.; Phuong, N. T. M.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 50, No 4 (2025): December
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.50.4.293-303

Abstract

This research evaluated garlic extract addition to drinking water on growth performance, hemato-logical characteristics, survivability, and coccidial infection in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). There were 500 quails randomly allotted to four groups receiving 0, 1, 2, or 4 mL/L garlic extract for 35 days. Survival improved significantly in all garlic groups, especially 4 mL/L group, which kept 100% survivability within early duration and 99.2% upon termination of the experiment. Weight gain rose considerably with garlic addition, where 4 mL/L group achieved 196.08 ± 1.99 g at 35 days com-pared to 183.22 ± 1.02 g control group. Conversely, daily intake tended to be low in garlic groups, es-pecially in the finishing phase (27–35 days), in support of improved efficiency in feed intake. Hemato-logical findings indicated red blood cell and hemoglobin declined in a dose-related manner, yet white blood count significantly elevated, showing garlic's immunostimulation role. Additionally, shedding of oocyst considerably diminished in garlic-innoculated birds. At 35 days, 4 mL/L group showed 3.6 ± 0.2 log₁₀ oocysts/g feces.oocyst count, whereas 4.9 ± 0.3 log₁₀ were counted in 4 mL/L control, affirming a dose-related anti-coccidial action. These data indicate garlic extract from 2 to 4 mL/L can improve growth, immunity, and disease resistance of Japanese quail without any negative impact effects.

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