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Andi Adriansyah
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Fakultas Teknik Universitas Mercu Buana Jl. Raya Meruya Selatan, Kembangan, Jakarta 11650 Tlp./Fax: +62215871335
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Sinergi
Published by Universitas Mercu Buana
ISSN : 14102331     EISSN : 24601217     DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
SINERGI is a peer-reviewed international journal published three times a year in February, June, and October. The journal is published by Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Mercu Buana. Each publication contains articles comprising high quality theoretical and empirical original research papers, review papers, and literature reviews that are closely related to the fields of Engineering (Mechanical, Electrical, Industrial, Civil, and Architecture). The theme of the paper is focused on new industrial applications and energy development that synergize with global, green and sustainable technologies. The journal registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI). The journal has been indexed by Google Scholar, DOAJ, BASE, and EBSCO.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 561 Documents
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Extrusion parameter optimization to improve the mechanical performance of recycled PLA-PETG blends using Taguchi-GRA approach Annisa Fatimatus Zahro; Ihwan Ghazali; Achmad Pratama Rifai; Wangi Pandan Sari
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.2.007

Abstract

Recycled polymers offer a promising pathway toward sustainable additive manufacturing, but their mechanical performance is often limited by degradation and incompatibility between mixed materials. This study investigates the optimization of extrusion parameters for recycled PLA–PETG blends to improve tensile strength and ductility. The Taguchi method was applied to efficiently evaluate the effects of PLA content, temperature, and extrusion speed, while Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) was incorporated to enable simultaneous optimization of tensile strength and elongation, which cannot be achieved using Taguchi alone. The Taguchi–GRA approach identified 30 wt% PLA, 225 °C, and 300 mm/min as the optimal parameter set, producing filament with a tensile strength of 7.47 MPa and elongation of 1.58%, corresponding to a ~28% improvement over the lowest-performing condition. Although the optimized recycled filament exhibited significantly lower properties than commercial PETG, the performance is adequate for low-stress functional applications such as prototyping components and non-load-bearing parts. Fractographic analysis further revealed poor interlayer and interfacial adhesion, explaining the limited ductility of the recycled blends. These findings demonstrate that combining Taguchi and GRA provides a practical route for balancing strength and ductility in sustainable filament development and provides a foundation for future improvements through the use of compatibilizers, post-processing, and enhanced extrusion control.
4×1 Quarter-Circle Notched array antenna with independent feeding for enhanced beam steering mechanism at C-band frequency Tri Nur Arifin; Ganjar Febriyani Pratiwi; Erfiana Wahyuningsih; Arief Budi Santiko; Suisbiyanto Prasetya; Dian Rusdiyanto; Syah Alam; Yohanes Galih Adhiyoga
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.2.008

Abstract

One of the main challenges in microstrip antenna design is achieving adaptive beam steering. Such mechanism cannot be realized using an antenna array with a corporate feeding technique; instead, each antenna element must be fed independently with specific phase differences to steer the beam as needed. This study aimed to develop a microstrip antenna that can adjust its beam direction by applying an independent feeding technique to a 4×1 microstrip array. The theoretical development focused on calculating the required progressive phase shifts for each antenna element to achieve target steering angles. The proposed beam steering mechanism was implemented using a power splitter and 6-bit digital phase shifters connected to each element of the novel array design. This configuration successfully achieved a beam steering range of approximately ±36°, resulting in a total coverage of about 72°. The simulation results showed that the 4×1 array antenna achieved a gain of 10.11 dBi. Fabrication and measurement of the single element antenna with Quarter-Circle Notched (QCN) elements worked at frequency of 3.47 – 3.57 GHz with a bandwidth of 100 MHz. The measured 4×1 QCN array demonstrated performance within 3.32 – 3.75 GHz, achieving a better bandwidth of 430 MHz. The results also demonstrated that optimal gain could be achieved by adjusting the element spacing. Furthermore, variations in phase shift had been shown to enhance the antenna's beam scanning capability beyond theoretical expectations.
A traceability model for rental equipment in support companies within the oil and gas industry Asep Endih Nurhidayat; Rina Fitriana; Didien Suhardini; Asri Nugrahanti; Sannia Mareta
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.2.009

Abstract

Inefficiencies in equipment rental management within the oil and gas sector often lead to low transparency, slow data flow, and operational inaccuracies. This study aims to design and simulate a traceability model integrating Blockchain, the Internet of Things (IoT), and Quick Response (QR) Code technologies to improve data integrity and process efficiency. Using a mixed-method approach with object-oriented analysis and design under the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) framework, the system was developed and simulated through Bizagi Modeler. The proposed model consists of three components: the Tool Flow Sub-Model for equipment lifecycle tracking, the Document Flow Sub-Model for secure digital record management through blockchain, and the Grand Design Model that integrates processes and stakeholders into a unified traceability framework. Simulation results indicated a 91.7% improvement in process efficiency, reflecting significant reductions in transaction time and human error compared to the manual system. The integration of Blockchain, IoT, and QR Code technologies offers a novel approach to enhancing traceability and transparency in the oil and gas equipment rental industry. This field has been rarely addressed in previous studies. The findings demonstrate improved operational performance and stakeholder trust. However, further validation through real-world implementation and scalability testing is recommended for future research.
Comparative seismic performance of flat slabs using four design codes Samsul Abdul Rahman Sidik Hasibuan; Hakas Prayuda; Suraya Hani Adnan; Tengku Anita Raja Hussin; Fredy Kurniawan; Tika Ermita Wulandari
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.2.010

Abstract

This study evaluated the seismic performance of flat slab structures designed according to four international standards: SNI 2847-2019 (Indonesia), NZS 3101:2006 (New Zealand), IS 456-2000 (India), and JSCE 15-2007 (Japan). A five-story reinforced concrete building was modeled using ETABS for nonlinear pushover analysis, while MATLAB was utilized for calculating slab thickness, moment distribution, reinforcement design, and punching shear strength. Results unveiled that the JSCE 15-2007 code provided the stiffest system with minimal lateral displacement and the highest base shear capacity, whereas IS 456-2000 exhibited superior ductility and flexibility. SNI 2847-2019 and NZS 3101:2006 delivered balanced performance in terms of stiffness and material efficiency. The variation in slab thickness, reinforcement area, and natural period highlighted each code’s design philosophy regarding seismic safety. These findings suggest that code selection should consider regional seismic risk, structural demands, and construction priorities to ensure optimal safety and efficiency. The study contributes to the harmonization of global flat slab design practices and offers practical recommendations for improving the seismic resilience of buildings.
Vision-guided tracking and detection using the YOLOv5 model on a logistic delivery fixed-wing UAV Son Ali Akbar; Muhammad Taufiq Dinar Akbar; Anton Yudhana; Kamarul Hawari Ghazali
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.2.011

Abstract

Deep learning technologies utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have advanced the development of autonomous systems, particularly in the exploration of hazardous environments. This study integrates the YOLOv5 object detection model with a fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to identify simulated 5x5-meter orange marker dropping kits deployed in inaccessible disaster zones. Experiments were conducted at altitudes of 45 m, 75 m, and 100 m above sea level to assess real-time detection accuracy and terrain-mapping efficiency. The system achieved a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 88% across varying altitudes, demonstrating robust performance despite environmental challenges such as false positives from similarly colored rooftops. Computational efficiency tests were performed on the Jetson Nano platform using the TensorRT engine to accelerate object detection model inference on NVIDIA GPUs. Lighting variability significantly impacted detection reliability, resulting in a reduced mAP under suboptimal illumination. To enhance precision, post-processing filters and parameter optimizations were applied, improving the balance between detection sensitivity and specificity. These findings underscore the potential of YOLOv5-enabled UAVs for rapid, high-accuracy aid localization in disaster scenarios, although adaptive threshold tuning remains critical to address environmental variability in operational settings.
Possibility of using immersion cooling technology with virgin coconut oil for split-type AC Achmad Wibolo; I Wayan Temaja; Ida Bagus Gde Widiantara; Made Ery Arsana; M. Yusuf
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.2.012

Abstract

Conventional split-type air conditioners are limited by high electrical consumption, noise from cooling fans, and bulky condenser coils that restrict installation flexibility. However, the application of immersion cooling in household AC systems remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the feasibility of using Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) as a dielectric fluid for immersion cooling to improve energy efficiency and thermal performance. An experimental setup was developed using 20 L of SNI-compliant VCO, with the outdoor unit modified for immersion operation. Key performance parameters, including condenser coil and evaporator coil temperatures and the Coefficient of Performance (COP), were measured. Results showed condenser coil temperatures ranging from 40 °C to 58 °C and evaporator coil temperatures between 6 °C and 11 °C. The system achieved an average COP of 4.65 and reduced electrical consumption by approximately 20 %, indicating significant energy savings without compromising cooling efficiency. VCO also demonstrated suitable dielectric properties, with a breakdown voltage of 29.17 kV, near the IEC 156 threshold. These findings highlight immersion cooling with VCO as a promising, quiet, and energy-efficient alternative for household air conditioners. Further work is recommended to assess long-term reliability under varying operational conditions.
Taguchi-based optimization of activation parameters in activated carbon production for water pollutant adsorption I Gusti Agung Kade Suriadi; Dewa Ngakan Ketut Putra Negara; Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindia; I Ketut Adi Atmika; I Gusti Komang Dwijana; I Made Gatot Karohika; Anak Agung Istri Agung Sri Komaladewi; Gopi Prasetiyo
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.2.013

Abstract

Water pollution from synthetic dyes, particularly methylene blue (MB), is known to pose serious environmental and public health challenges. Therefore, among various treatment methods, adsorption using activated carbon remained the most cost-effective and energy-efficient. In this research, activated carbon was prepared from Petung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper), with the Taguchi method used to optimize the activation parameters. The following three factors: activation temperature (700°C, 800°C), holding time (40 min, 80 min), and activating gas (N₂, CO₂) were investigated based on an L4(23) orthogonal array design. The characterization process included proximate analysis, functional group identification, amorphous structure determination, and surface morphology examination. Optimization using the larger-is-better signal-to-noise (SN) ratio model aimed to maximize methylene blue adsorption. Additionally, analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that activating gas, holding time, and temperature contributed 48.69%, 34.86%, and 8.06%, respectively, to adsorption performance, and all three parameters had a statistically significant influence on methylene blue adsorption. The optimal conditions, namely 800°C activation temperature, 40 min holding time, and N₂ gas, produced a maximum adsorption capacity of 9.275 mg/g. As a result, these findings showed that activated carbon derived from Petung bamboo was a sustainable and renewable adsorbent, offering a promising pathway toward environmentally friendly and cost-effective wastewater treatment technologies.
Topographic and hydro-oceanographic feasibility of a chemical port in Morowali Lastarida Sinaga; Tiara Nofiana; Cahyadi Cahyadi; Wulandari Wulandari; Ira Damayanti; Ganjar Sidik Gandara; Siti Hanan
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.2.014

Abstract

The industrial growth in Morowali Regency, Central Sulawesi, drives the need for port infrastructure to support the distribution of chemicals and fuel. This study aims to evaluate the technical feasibility of developing a liquid bulk terminal in Labota Village, Bahodopi District. The assessment involved hydro-oceanographic and topographic surveys, including a 15-day tidal observation, a 25-hour current measurement, and bathymetric and land surveys. The tidal analysis identified a mixed tide with semi-diurnal dominance and a tidal range of up to 2.66 meters. Current measurements recorded maximum surface speeds of 42 cm/s. Bathymetric data revealed varying depths up to -40 meters and an underwater mound at -10.21 meters, which may require dredging or navigational marking. The land topography is relatively flat and uniform, suitable for port development. Based on these findings, the site is considered feasible for the construction of a liquid bulk terminal capable of serving vessels up to 50,000 DWT with safe maneuvering and berthing operations. This research provides technical recommendations to support industrial logistics in the region, ensuring safe and efficient port operation while considering environmental sustainability. The study offers a comprehensive analysis of chemical and fuel terminal planning in Eastern Indonesia, contributing new insights to port infrastructure development research.
Activated carbon air filter and rubber seed oil approach from waste rubber seed shell for alternative fuel and improving air quality Feriyanto, Dafit; Zakaria, Supaat; Noviyanto, Alfian; Nurato, Nurato; Romahadi, Dedik; Pranoto, Hadi; Abdulmalik, Samir Sani
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.2.015

Abstract

Research related to rubber seed conversion to oil and activated carbon as filter media requires further exploration. Therefore, the main objective of this study to investigate the rubber seed oil as alternative energy and rubber seed Shell Activated Carbon (RSSAC). Thermo-chemical method conducted with separation process between the kernel and the shell. The process used temperatures of 550 and 600°C. Biodiesel was produced by a blending process using a frequency of 20kHz, temperature of 60oC and 2h holding time. In addition, the side product was converted into activated carbon through carbonization and activation using KOH. Air filter fabricated using three layers, where the top and bottom layers being non-woven and RSSAC in the middle. It compacted using hot-press method at temperature of 150°C for 60 s to produce an air filter media thickness of 3–5mm. The results show that there are several high compound concentrations i.e. CH4, aldehydes, and ketonestone. Several gases evolve, such as CO2, CO, CH4, H2O, ketone aldehyde, and HC. Microstructure analysis using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) of RSSAC shows that element C significantly increase up to 80%, while O, K, and Ca decreased up to 72%, 66% and 90%, respectively. RSSAC has a large surface area of 175.95m2/g, and it will have high effectiveness in improving indoor air quality (IAQ). This is indicated by the result of IAQ analysis where the humidity, temperature, CO, CO2, TVOC, and PM10 were lower than the acceptable limit of 70%, 27oC, 1000ppm, 10ppm, 3 ppm, and 0.15 mg/m3, respectively.
Climate adaptive temperature correction for mitigating PV degradation in ASEAN climates Arief Marwanto; Gunawan Gunawan; Imam Much Ibnu Subroto; Mochammad Facta; Munawar Agus Riyadi; Tole Sutikno
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.2.026

Abstract

The emphasis on the ASEAN area is appropriate due to its unique tropical environment, characterized by elevated temperatures, high humidity, and little seasonal fluctuations. These features affect PV operating temperatures and degradation patterns in ways that current temperature correction models designed for other tropical areas inadequately address. In tropical regions, photovoltaic modules frequently operate at temperatures exceeding 35 °C, which is above the Standard Test Conditions of 25 °C.  The conventional linear temperature correction (γ ≈ –0.45%/°C) fails to account for nonlinear thermal effects, leading to an underestimation of losses, battery under sizing, and a reduction in system lifespan.  This study presents a nonlinear temperature correction model that incorporates a severity factor (δ) for cell temperatures exceeding 35 °C.  The model utilizes two regimes: linear (≤35 °C) and quadratic (>35 °C) to account for nonlinear degradation.  Simulations conducted at 45 °C and 1000 W/m² for a 100 WP panel indicate that the proposed model predicts an output of 90.575 W, compared to 81.9 W from the conventional model, resulting in an approximate 9.5% improvement in accuracy.  This method addresses a significant gap by incorporating high-temperature nonlinearities, thereby enhancing the reliability of photovoltaic output predictions and improving battery sizing in tropical climates.  This contribution enhances the reliability of photovoltaic systems and extends battery lifespan for applications in Indonesia and ASEAN.

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